The MISSION statement of NREGA Act 2005“To augment wage employment opportunities by providing employment on demand and thereby extend a security net to the people and simultaneously create durable assets to alleviate some aspects of poverty and address the issue of development in the rural areas”

Financial literacy is the key factor which determines the financial wellbeing of a person. Standard and Poor’s global financial literacy survey reports that, on an average, only 24% of adults in India are financially literate, which is the lowest among the adults in the emerging economies of the BRICS nations. The present study is an inquiry into the financial literacy among undergraduate pre-service teachers in Mumbai. It is important to understand the levels of financial literacy among this group as they are the key influencers at the school level. It is their interest and awareness which will be passed on to the learners they interact with in the future. The study adopted a descriptive survey approach. The survey tool, administered to 138 pre-service teachers was based on the understanding of basic concepts and knowledge of banking, digital payments, insurance, investments, fraud protection and grievance redressal, and pensions and retirement. The findings them of the survey revealed that 56.45% of the pre-service teachers are financially literate. Among, the knowledge of digital payments is highest, while the knowledge of banking, fraud protection and grievance redressal are moderate. Their knowledge related to insurance, investments, pensions and retirement left much to be desired. The research suggests that more efforts are required for the financial education of pre-service teachers.

The learning of ‘English’ language has occupied a significant place in our life. The Radhakrishnan Commission (1948-49) observed, “English is a language which is rich in literature. - Humanistic, scientific and technical. English is a window through which we are able to see the scientific, technological, agricultural, commercial and literary developments taking place to the world.” Learning a language is not learning about a language. In language learning we have use it, understand the system of that language and finally gain the knowledge of that language. English language teacher get the students acquire the fourfold fundamental linguistic skills – listening, speaking, reading and writing. Any language of the world that is learnt in LSRW sequence or order, that language is learnt properly. It is necessary for the learners to start learning English Primarily through listening. Next the speech is the most important skill that should be nourished to communicate our thoughts and ideas to others. The third skill that is reading – Reading process involves many physical, intellectual and often emotional reactions. Learning writing is one of the productive skills of language. Writing is meant for conveying thoughts, ideas and facts. The key factor of the four basic language skills is that they complement each other. These skills work in pairs. When students listen or read language, they consume it and when they speak or write it they produce language. These fourfold skills are four capabilities that allow an individual to comprehend, produce and use the language in effective interpersonal communication.

‘राज्यघटनेपेक्षा हहिंदू कोड हिल महत्त्वाचे आहे’, असे स्वतः डॉ. िािासाहेि आिंिेडकरािंनी घोहित केले होते. हहिंदू कोड हिलामुळे सिंपूर्ण देशाला 'हनहित, एकसूत्र आहर् सुगम्य' कायदा हमळर्ार होता. एकूर्च हहिंदू कोड हिल म्हर्जे सामाहजक पररवतणनाच्या दृष्टीने उचललेले महत्त्वाचे पाऊल होते. परिंतु सनातनी समाजाने त्ािंना प्रचिंड हवरोध केला. तत्कालीन पिंतप्रधान पिंहडत जवाहरलाल नेहरू यािंनीदेखील 'हहिंदू कोड हिल' नामिंजूर केले. तेव्हा डॉ. िािासाहेि आिंिेडकरािंनी आपल्या कायदेमिंत्री पदाचा राजीनामा हदला. पुढे हे हिल टप्प्याटप्प्याने पास केले गेले आहर् स्त्रियािंना त्ािंचे अहधकार हमळाले. परिंतु आजही स्त्रियािंना हहिंदू कोड हिलािद्दल माहहती असलेली हदसत नाही.

The paper is about the use of internet and social media by various stakeholders of B.Ed. course including principal, educators and students to understand the status of use ICT in teacher education. Findings of the study are useful to decide the learning experiences for student-teachers. Also useful to make policy and execution of ICT integration in teacher education. As we know that most of stakeholders using internet and social media, but we need to know what exact status of it. So the evidences are collected and its educational implications are discussed in the paper.

The basic structure of the Constitution of India as reflected in the Preamble ensures social, economic and political justice as well as equality of status and of opportunity to all citizens of India. It is thus constitutional obligation of the State to ensure equal justice and equality to all citizens including persons with disabilities and other marginalized groups of people. As regard education, Article 45 of the Constitution of India on the Directive Principles of State Policy states “the State to provide free and compulsory education for all children until they complete the age of fourteen years.” The Persons with Disabilities Act, 1995 goes a step further and desires provision of free education to children with disabilities till the age of 18 years. Thus the Constitution of India has duly recognized provision of education to all children including those with disabilities.

Breastfeeding, also known as nursing, is the feeding of babies and young children with milk from a woman's breast.Exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months has many benefits for the infant and mother. Chief among these is protection against gastrointestinal infections which is observed not only in developing but also industrialized countries. Early initiation of breastfeeding, within 1 hour of birth, protects the newborn from acquiring infections and reduces newborn mortality. The risk of mortality due to diarrhea and other infections can increase in infants who are either partially breastfed or not breastfed at all.

The human right awareness is important for present society in which people of different castes, creeds, religion and cultures live together. Our constitution bestowed some rights i.e. respect for human dignity and social integrity. Even basic human rights concepts, which are integrated in education systems. The numbers of students are higher education in our country. The researchers aim to study the significance of human rights awareness about engineering students. Thus the researchers thought for doing an investigation to ensure the awareness regarding human rights. Indian education incorporated human rights are the part of our curriculum. After this survey the research find out engineering students awareness about human rights. The survey was conducted on 100, engineering students in engineering colleges in Chikkamagalur. The Self developed tool was applied for the study and‘t’ technique was adopted to analyzes the data. The result shows awareness of human rights among girls engineering students is less than boys and rural boys and girls are more aware than urban boys & girls. The implication of the study engineering students has less awareness about human rights. So engineering colleges must conduct various human rights awareness programme and enhance the awareness.

The present study relationship between loneliness & Mental Depression among college students. Loneliness and mental depression is an important factor for mood when people feel lonely that time he suffer depressed mood that time people do the suicide attempt . A sample of 80 college student located Pune hadpasar District, age range 20to 21 years. Loneliness Inventory constructed and developed by Uma, Meenakshi under the guidance of Krishnan measure Loneliness. Mental Depression measure mental depression this test constructed dubey. Research design t test and correlation analysis. Result relevant that significant of relation between loneliness & mental depression and other hypothesis gender difference loneliness & mental depression of college student.

You may have met children with visual impairment in the school, college or any other place where some of the use white cane or sighted guide or move independently .Seeing problems range from total blindness to minor visual problems or refractive errors. A number of terms are used in connection with loss of sight: blindness, partial sight, visual handicap, visual impairment low vision etc. Some people prefer to use the word blind to identify all people with visual impairments. On the other hand, there are those who believe that the word blind should be reserved to identify those with little or no usable vision. It is therefore necessary to understand the specialised terminology in order to define visually impaired who have sight problems. In a survey conducted by an agency it was found that main problem is to identify the visually impaired on the basis of their functional vision assessment by collecting information about them. Children with visual impairment also have the right to education just as normal children do. Inclusive education strives to address the learning needs of children with visual impairment, with a particular focus on those who are subject to being isolated and excluded. The philosophy behind inclusive education is to promote opportunities for all children to participate, learn and have equal treatment, irrespective of their mental or physical abilities. The awareness on types of visual impairment in schools throughout the country is still at an infancy stage. As a result, the number of children with visual impairment is not included in inclusive education settings due to lack of identifications. In India, a majority of children with visual impairment do not receive any formal education This is because children with visual impairment and learning deficiencies are segregated from mainstream schools and other regular routines and social activities of normal children. This includes having a balanced curriculum that is appropriate for all categories of children, teachers who have the ability to handle the individual needs within the classroom and thereby promote an environment where personal development, social skills and student participation are strongly encouraged

It is a well-known incontrovertible fact that digital India is that the outcome of the many innovations and technological advancements. These transform the lives of people in many ways and will empower the society in a better manner. The ‘Digital India’ programme, an initiative of honorable Prime Minister Mr. Narendra Modi, will emerge new progressions in every sector. The motive behind the concept is to create participative, transparent and responsive system. The Digital India drive may be a dream project of the Indian Government to transform India into a knowledgeable economy and digitally empowered society, with good governance for citizens by bringing synchronization and coordination publicly accountability, digitally connecting and delivering the govt. programs and services to mobilize the potential of data technology across government departments. Digital India program is an initiative to form technology access to every citizen of the country with a vision to rework India in to a digitally empowered state and a knowledge economy. Digital India program is citizen-centric and can change the system of delivery of services hence will change the standard of life. A Vision of Digital India Centered on 3 Key Areas –(i) Digital Infrastructure as a Utility to Every Citizen ,(ii) Governance & Services on Demand, (iii) Digital Empowerment of Citizens. Nine Pillars of Digital India program are the various areas like Broadband Highways, Universal Access to Mobile Connectivity, Electronics Manufacturing, e-Governance, Public Internet Access Program, e-Kranti, IT for Jobs, Information for all and Early Harvest Projects. Each Pillar has own challenges which we've to manage and overcome to form the program a successful mission

In the domain of diasporic writing large number of writers put their insights in the creative and critical ways. They present their insights in connection with their experiences. The Diasporic communities possess collective memory and myth about the homeland, including its location, history, suffering and achievements. When these migrant people suffer from the feeling of loneliness and up-rootedness, their mind ultimately goes back in the memory for the happy and glorious past. They have an elegiac feeling about their present condition in the host country. Nostalgia is a consequential effect of the homelessness in the new land, as well as loss of home in the motherland. A number of Diasporic writers have incorporated and accentuated the theme of nostalgia in their writing which occurred because of their exile which is always prevailing and recapitulating in their mind-set. In the present paper the researcher explores the nostalgia in the novel Loetorn. The major characters becomes nostalgic because of their present critical situation which is the major concern of the present paper.

Principals play central role in cultivating college environment that supports quality and innovative educational practices. The review shows that individual with Higher Self – Efficacy approaches difficult tasks as a challenge. The aim is to find the level of self - efficacy and to compare self - efficacy among the principals of professional and non – professional courses. Normative survey method is used and the area covered is Maharashtra state in India. Professional courses considered are from Pharmacy, Law and Education. Non-professional courses considered are from Arts, Science and Commerce. Total 245 Principals are selected randomly as a sample. The tool used is Self-efficacy Scale by G. P. Mathur and R. K. Bhatnagar. Collected data are analyzed using statistical measures to draw conclusions. The findings shows a significant difference in self – efficacy of principals of Professional courses and non-professional courses.

Migrants constitute a large portion of the world’s population. Thousands and millions of migrant workers are anticipated to be left unemployed due to the lockdown and economic crisis prevailing in the country. The fear of recession is quite evidently seen among the people in India. Many of the migrant workers have returned back to their respective villages and the risk of unemployment is higher among the unorganized, marginalized and contractual based workers. The country wide outbreak of the covid-19 pandemic has subsequently increased recession in India. Thus there is a need to implement national migration policies, which should accommodate the assistance and protection of migrants, also there needs to be an installation of resilient food system that could reduce food insecurity and the pressure of returning to their origin. Thus the research paper focuses on how the Covid-19 pandemic has adversely impacted the migrant workforce within India.

A generalized definition of cybercrime may be “unlawful acts wherein the computer is either a tool or target or both”. The other definition could be, “cyber crime is a form of crime where the internet or computers are used as a medium to commit crime”. According to Pavan Duggal, Supreme Court Advocate and Cyber Law expert, “Any criminal activity that uses a computer either as an instrumentality, target or a means for perpetuating further crimes comes within the ambit of cyber crimes

Media has become an integral part of daily life today. Everything which attracts the public attention has its positive and negative effects. People spend their time on social media through Smartphone, for various purposes like doing business, writing emails, doing academic research finding answers to questions, playing games and the like. Among the Mobile phones, the Smartphones are widely used and are very popular with adolescents worldwide. Compared to the traditional mobile phones, the Smartphones are superior in quality with their numerous functions that include communication and entertainment. According to the latest estimates, 2.71 billion people use Smartphones worldwide1 and were expected to grow to 3.8 billion by 2021. These statistics is significant, because the modern Smartphones have begun to exist only since the iPhone's introduction in 2007. Hence, the Smartphone in general represents one of the most relevant hustles towards a digitally connected world.2 With the complexity of new technologies and constant enhancement of the technological abilities, the Smartphone users, more especially the academic students are becoming more addicted to Smartphones. In this paper, the researcher takes the readers to the world of youth who have merged into the ‘techno world’ of Smartphones and to show how the use of technology generally considered as a positive behavior, in the case of college going students becomes more as an addiction andcauses numerous social and behavioral disorders in them.

This manuscript reviews the literature concerning the awareness of menstrual hygiene practices among adolescents. Onset of menarche marked as a fearful and shocking phase among adolescents. This fear is generated because of the lack of knowledge among young girls. Many findings show that in their early stages of menarche females were not able to explore from which part of their genital areas they were bleeding. Many of the studies showed that girls were scared and confused when they first saw the blood and many girls complains about the heavy bleeding and unbearable abdominal pains. From the study it is shown that many restrictions were imposed on the girls like not eating specific food during menstruation

marketing performs an essential position no longer solely in arousing production and utilization, however in expediting the stride of economic progress. Due to the special characteristics of unindustrialized commodities, its marketing is different from other commodities. The particular features of primary segment which are divergent from the manufacturing segment are: destructibility of the product, seasonality of production, large quantity of goods, difference in quality of goods, unusual supply of products, small size of holdings and scattered production, and processing of their products. The significance of agricultural vending has become much evident in the contemporary preceding with the expanded marketable surplus of the production pursuing the high-tech onwardness. However, its dynamic elements are foremost significance in promotion of socio economic development of a nation. Due to all these special characteristic of the agriculture, agricultural market functions are huge in range varying from post harvesting process, grading distribution, till it reaches final consumer. Some products have to move far places and some locally, some have to be moved quickly (perishables), some slowly. As a result of this the prices, of agricultural commodities are volatile or fluctuating with their own defined cycle. This is an really issue in agriculture market and challenge to the policy makers which need more to be researched so as to see that price volatility may be controlled to get good reward for producers and also to maintain the consumers sovereignty. With background, in this paper an attempt is made to analyse the trend of price volatility of major agriculture products in India. The main aim of this paper is to analyse the nature and trend of agricultural commodity price in Indian market. The paper is descriptive and analyticalin nature. Major findings of the research are that price of agricultural commodities fluctuation shows both larger cycle and small cycle of fluctuation

The article provides a methodology for determining the theoretical study of the movement of potato tubers and impurities in a lifting centrifugal-separating bar elevator in potato harvesters.

Reading helps to gain the knowledge, build analytical thinking and improve the capabilities of an individual. The present study is an attempt to know the reading habits of Undergraduate students (of B.N. Bandodkar College of Science, Thane, and Autonomous). The survey method found the most useful to collect maximum responses. It was observed that 91% students like the general reading but 9% don’t like the general reading. In this 21st century where electronic medium is most popular, but it is found in this study that students preferred both the medium print and electronic for reading. From this survey few voracious readers were also found who are reading more than 12 hours per week apart from their regular studies.

Online education is an area of curiosity intended to be prolonged and has gained a lot of attention from various sectors. Keeping this in view, the current study explored the attitude of Upper Primary and Secondary students towards online teaching -learning process in the current COVID 19 Pandemic situations, especially from Thane District of Maharashtra. This is a research study based on the opinion of SVB SCER Groups schools’ students towards the online teaching learning process. The study was conducted with the help of self-made Google Form (Due to tough access to the schools to go in person, as the world is in lockdown state and also India too). The students’ Attitude scale has 22 items, which has been developed with the help of initial interaction with teachers, parents and students. 50 students from each standard i.e. Standard 7th, 8th ,9th and 10th are randomly selected from the two institutes of SVB SCER group. The comparative analysis was done to find out the attitude of the students from various standards and their schools too. The result showed a positive attitude towards online learning irrespective of standards and schools. However, most students disagreed to continue with the online classes after the situation got normalized as they all preferred coming to school. The study concludes that though students preferred online classes in the current situation, they preferred more attending the school in person i.e. love to come to school.

It is a well-known incontrovertible fact that digital India is that the outcome of the many innovations and technological advancements. These transform the lives of people in many ways and will empower the society in a better manner. The ‘Digital India’ programme, an initiative of honorable Prime Minister Mr. Narendra Modi, will emerge new progressions in every sector. The motive behind the concept is to create participative, transparent and responsive system. The Digital India drive may be a dream project of the Indian Government to transform India into a knowledgeable economy and digitally empowered society, with good governance for citizens by bringing synchronization and coordination publicly accountability, digitally connecting and delivering the govt. programs and services to mobilize the potential of data technology across government departments. Digital India program is an initiative to form technology access to every citizen of the country with a vision to rework India in to a digitally empowered state and a knowledge economy. Digital India program is citizen-centric and can change the system of delivery of services hence will change the standard of life. A Vision of Digital India Centered on 3 Key Areas –(i) Digital Infrastructure as a Utility to Every Citizen ,(ii) Governance & Services on Demand, (iii) Digital Empowerment of Citizens. Nine Pillars of Digital India program are the various areas like Broadband Highways, Universal Access to Mobile Connectivity, Electronics Manufacturing, e-Governance, Public Internet Access Program, e-Kranti, IT for Jobs, Information for all and Early Harvest Projects. Each Pillar has own challenges which we've to manage and overcome to form the program a successful mission.

Along with being a cuisine of the restaurant, food is also an identity of a culture. In Trinidad and Tobago, food is an important part of their culture. The colonial history of Trinidad and Tobago has resulted in ethnic and cultural plural societies. These different groups have brought along their traditional food and culture. Food plays an important role in the rituals and customs of East Indians and their diet became a source for identifying and distinguishing between groups. On the other hand, food culture has been globalized through the internet, media and other communication services. The food culture can be defined as practices, attitudes, beliefs, networks, institutions surrounding the production, distribution, and consumption of food. Moreover, it also reflects part of the culture of mankind. The paper attempts to investigate the food culture and its’ identity of East Indian in the era of globalisation in Trinidad and Tobago.

आज की वर्तमान परिस्थितर्य ों में तिक्षण व्यवथिा में साोंस्कृतर्क गतर्तवतिय ों का महत्त्व बढ़र्ा जा िहा है। अध्यापन कायत भी गतर्तवतिय ों के तबना िुष्क एवों नीिस बनर्ा जा िहा है। परिणामस्वरूप गतर्तवतिय ों क सवतलक्ष्यी औि जीवन लक्ष्यी बनाने की आवश्यकर्ा है। छात् ों के मन, हृदय औि बुस्ि पि गतर्तवतिय ों का अत्यतिक प्रभाव पड़र्ा है। अनेक आय जन ों द्वािा गतर्तवतिय ों क तिक्षा पितर् में लाने का आज सफल प्रयास तकया जा िहा हैं। इन गतर्तवतिय ों से छात् ों में स्वर्ोंत्र्ा का भाव पनपर्ा है, तजससे तिक्षा कायत जीवोंर् ह पार्ा है। इस भाव के पैदा ह ने का मर्लब यह नहीों है तक छात् ों क आजादी के माहौल में छ ड़ देना चातहए, ऐसा किने से र् बेलगाम बन सकर्े हैं। स्वर्ोंत्र्ा के साि जवाबदािी के कायत का भी समन्वय ह ना चातहए। तिक्षण क कल्याणकािी औि गतर्तवतिय ों के उपय गी बनाने के तलए छात् ों के आसपास के वार्ाविण में से प्रतर्द्वोंतद्वर्ा के र्त्त्व ों क दूि किना जरूिी है। स्कूल ों में छात् ों की र्माम गतर्तवतियााँ स्पिात के तनयम ों से नहीों बस्ि सहकाि के बलबूर्े पि ह नी चातहए, र् इसका साितक परिणाम तमल सकर्ा है।

ह िंदी आहि मराठीचे जेष्ठ लेखक, सिंशोधक, सिंपादक, अनुवादक, प्रशासक, मार्गदशगक म्हिून साह त्य आहि सामाहजक क्षेत्रात डॉ. सुनीलकुमार लवटे सुपररहचत आ ेत. त्यािंचा ‘वाचन’ ा ग्रिंथ वाचनाहवषयी सैद्ािंहतक मािंडिी करिारा म त्त्वपूिग ग्रिंथ आ े. वाचनाची उत्पत्ती आहि प्रहियेचा पट उलर्डिारा तसेच वाचनाची सैद्ािंहतक मािंडिी करिारा, मानवी जीवनातील ‘वाचन’ या हियेचे म त्त्व हवशद करिारा, तसेच वाचनाशी हनर्डीत सैद्ािंहतक मािंडिी करिारा ा म त्त्वपूिग ग्रिंथ आ े. पाच प्रकरिे आहि पररहशष्ठे असिाऱ्या या ग्रिंथात केवळ वाचनाहवषयीची माह ती नसून मािसाच्या व्यक्त ोण्याच्या इहत ासापासून ते ग्रिंथ हनहमगती आहि ग्रिंथालयापयंतची सवंकष माह ती समाहवष्ट आ े. मािूस भाषेमुळे प्राण्यापेक्षा अहधक प्रर्तशील बनला आ े. ी भाषा हवकहसत करण्यासाठी त्याला प्रचिंड मोठा कालावधी लार्ला. मनातलिं व्यक्त करण्याच्या भावनेतून आहदमानवापासून आजपयंत मारलेली मजल या ग्रिंथात आली आ े

औद्योगिक गिकास ही अर्थव्यिस्र्ेच्या गिकासासाठी आिश्मक आहे. यासाठी कु शल कामिाराांची आिश्मकता असते. औद्योगिक क्षेत्ाांमध्ये कु शल कामिाराांची आिश्मकता आगि पुरिठा यामधील पोकळी भरून काढण्यासाठी कें द्र सरकारने कौशल्य गिकास कायथक्रम हाती घेतला आहे.हा कायथक्रम लोकसहभाि आगि खाजिी क्षेत्ाच्या भािीदारीतून पूिथ कराियाचा आहे.भारताच्या अर्थमांत्ी माननीय गनमथला सीतारमि याांच्यािर सांत महात्मा बसिेश्वर याांच्या गिचाराांचा मोठा प्रभाि आहे.त्ाांनी अर्थसांकल्प सादर करताना सांत महात्मा बसिेश्वराांच्या गशकििीचा उल्लेख के ला आहे.त्ाांनी महात्मा बसिेश्वराांच्या “कायक िे कै लास” गसद्ाांत ि”दासोह”गसद्ाांताचा उल्लेख के ला आहे. “कायक िे कै लास” म्हिजे श्रम हीच पूजा आहे ि दासोह म्हिजे समाजाला देने.त्ाांच्यामते प्रधानमांत्ी कौशल गिकास योजना ही महात्मा बसिेश्वर याांच्या गिचारािरच आधाररत आहे. प्रस्तुत सांशोधनात आपि सांत महात्मा बसिेश्वराांच्या श्रमप्रगतष्ठा ि कौशल्य गिकास या कायाथचा गिचार करिार आहोत.

इस अध्ययन ने छात्र शिक्षक पर ऑनलाईन स्कूल के अनुभवों की प्रभाविीलता की पहचान करने की माांग की। स्कूल में सांचार, अवलोकन बातचीत तकनीकों का उपयोग करके छात्र शिक्षक का अनुभव करता है। शवद्यालय के अनुभवों में छात्र शिक्षक ज्ञान और जानकारी का शवकास करता है। छात्र शिक्षक को पुतली मनोशवज्ञान का बुशनयादी ज्ञान नहीं है, छात्र शिक्षक उन मूल आग्रह का पालन करते हैं जो पुतली के व्यवहार को उत्तेशजत करते हैं और उनके नेतृत्व का गुण शवकशसत करते हैं। इस काययक्रम में छात्र शिक्षक शवद्यालय में की जाने वाली सभी गशतशवशियों का पययवेक्षण करते हैं। कोशवड-१९ ने एक अभूतपूवय शस्िती पैदा शक है और पुरे देि में शिक्षा क्षेत्र पर प्रशतकूल प्रभाव डाला है । छात्रों की बढती सांख्या अब ऑनलाईन शिक्षा के शलये चयन कर रही है । तकशनकी प्रगशत के इस युग में शिक्षक शिक्षा सांस्िानों के छात्र वेब के माध्यम से प्रभावी प्रशिक्षण ले रहे है । बी.एड. शव्दतीय वर्य कें सेमेस्टर -३ के ११ छात्रों के अांको का उपयोग यह शनिायररत करने के शलए शकया गया िा। यह िोि पत्र छात्र शिक्षक पर स्कूल के अनुभवों की प्रभाविीलता की जाांच करता है।

Mannuji is not only a microscopic view of metropolitan anomalies and disparities but also a thinker . Today, due to globalization, the problems of Western countries have become global rather than just their own problems. It is evident from their stories that there is no doubt that Mannuji has highlighted the changing face of Indian society through her stories. Keeping this at the center, this is clearly reflected in Mannuji's stories. Rural people, oblivious to the rights hidden behind the metropolitan glare, are running towards the city after reaching there, breaking away from their traditions and environment. I felt suffocated. By describing the changing environment of metropolitan culture Mannu Madari ji expressed BY Objective = 1 To attract the rural people towards the city 2 To express the sensibility of the storyteller by describing the metropolitan environment. 3 Depicting metropolitan problems through stories 4 Exposing the breakdown of values through stories.

Population plays a very important role in the political, economic, social and cultural development of a country. Population is the important resource of that country and due to human ability, foresight, creativity and tendency to work, it is used for the development of the country

The 6th century BC is considered to be a brilliant century in the history of ancient India. Thought created an atmosphere of free thinking ' New ideas started to take root in the religious field Vedic religion had become very complicated Vedic religion declined due to the complexity of its rituals

India foresees the transformational reforms in its education system through its new National Education Policy (NEP, 2020), which highlights the requirements of holistic, multidisciplinary and futuristic education through technology integration. NEP 2020 focusses on ensuring increased use of technology to bring about possibilities for equitable quality education. This paper comprises descriptive analysis with a qualitative approach to review the policy reforms with respect to technology integration in the new NEP 2020. Thus, the paper describes the implications of NEP 2020 with respect to innovations for technology integration into education at various levels and presents a brief comparison of new NEP 2020 and the previous policy on education (1986, modified in 1992) on the basis of technology integration. It also highlights major thrusts areas for the implementation of blended learning in Indian contexts to bring about equitable quality education. Also, various researches on technology integration and its considerations in NEP 2020 for the effective implementation of blended learning in Indian contexts to bring about equitable quality education are presented in this paper.

Mahatma Phule is a father of the social revolution; he believes that education is important means to bring out desired changes. Women are an important part of society, they should not be bypassed at any cost, according to his belief man and woman should come together to bring out tangible progress in society. A vulnerable section of society lags behind because of the lack of education. Fabricated stories in various religious books enslaved these people for over a thousand years, for orientation of their injustice mass education should be started. He made a revolutionary attempt to awakens people of the vulnerable class by establishing the schools. He extends his thought that primary education is the basis for the manifestation of an individual’s personality. Government should understand the importance of education and should be made education universal and compulsory. Through education, he envisages new social order which would be based on justice, liberty, and reason. Through this research, it is focused on his unflinching support and contribution for the comprehensive growth of society

This paper seeks to identify the training needs of teachers and academics of Indira Gandhi National Open University. This is in tandem with the ‘skill-development program’, a vision document of the Government of India. This study is aimed at renewing the skill-set of the experienced dispersers of knowledge, namely, the teachers and academics of IGNOU. With regards to the approach adopted to undertake this study, it can be understood as having adhered to making ‘democratic ethos’, a central component of this research. This was done by involving the participants to the extent of providing them with the platform to suggest the topics and issues for forthcoming training needs programs. Such a study, aimed at providing a list of demand-based training programmes can be beneficial on a number of fronts, to name a few, it will ensure that the participants devote their energy towards a training that caters to introducing/improving the skill-set that is of actual use to them, and also to that of ensuring that the resources of the university are put to proper use. Hence, training needs analysis is essential for the successful running of any university.

In less developed countries, the process of agricultural commercialization is more rapid in the last few decades. The universal factors such as globalization, modernization and liberalization and a host of other local factors are responsible for the changes (Trébuil et al., 2006). The impacts of these changes are well documented globally across the scholars of different disciplines. It includes the impact on local land use/cover (von Braun et al. 1986; Pingali, 2001, Behera et al, 2016), food security (Kennedy, 1994, Maxwell, 1996, Carletto et al, 2017), environment including biodiversity (Brown, 1990, Ramakrishnan, 1993, Ilybery, 2012; Maxwell et al. 1989), land ownership (Tiwari et al, 2008), gender relation (Nongbri, 2008), and other economic and societal impacts (Rubhara et al., 2020). Further, studies on land suitability for different crops (Kilic et al., 2005; Taghizadeh-Mehrjardi et al., 2020), factors responsible for cropland allocation (Adjimoti, 2018) and impacts of physiography on land use/cover (Ford, 2000) have also attracted many scholars within and outside the discipline of geography. However, the impact of agricultural commercialization on traditional land allocation practices is one of the areas need further understanding and assessment. Thus, the paper highlights the recent alternation in local land uses with reference to different terrain types in different farming systems.

Method of Loci (MoL) is a metacognitive strategy, which helps in associating known locations with the material to be learnt in a chronological order. This study was conducted to examine the effects of the MoL strategy on long term memory recall on students with learning difficulties. Students were randomly assigned either to the experimental group (n = 15) that was taught topics using direct teaching and MoL to remember the events in a chronological order, or the control group (n = 15) was taught using only direct teaching. The MoL group showed a significantly higher recall as was hypothesized. Application of this strategy for students with learning difficulties is discussed in the light of past findings that postulate that the MoL strategy helps in organizing information for later recall.

In the month of September 2020, the Farmer's Produce Trade and Commerce (Promotion and Facilitation) Bill, 2020, and the Farmers (Empowerment and Protection) Price Assurance and Farm Services Bill, 2020 were approved and notified as legislation. The primary provisions of the proposed legislation are intended to assist small and marginal farmers, (Farmers having less than two hectares (five acres) of land are called small farmers and those having less than one hectare (2.5 acres) are called marginal farmers) who have no means of either negotiating for a better price for their produce or investing in technology in order to increase farm productivity. The Agri market bill seeks to allow farmers to sell their produce to whoever they want outside 'mandis'. Even at their farm gates, everyone may purchase their produce. Although 'commission agents' of the 'mandis' and states could lose 'commissions' and 'mandi fees' respectively (the main reasons for the protests), by competition and cost-cutting on transport, farmers will get better prices by this law.

The 21st century was considered to be about technology. Today there is rapid progress in the field of science. Due to this progress in science, there has been a drastic change in the field of education as well. Old teaching methods in education are becoming outdated and new teaching methods, teaching techniques and teaching tools are emerging. Due to the teaching tools, more knowledge can be effectively conveyed to the students. In order to make study and teaching activities effective, many tools have to be used systematically in teaching.