This research paper studies the quality of reflection in student teachers professional thinking at District Institute of Education and Training (DIET). The teacher training is to fulfill the basic learning needs of all the school environment bridging social and gender gaps with the active participation of the community. The programme aims at preparing teachers for elementary stage of education. A supreme effort of quality is needed on a high priority basis, to improve the situation of academic, administrative and professional development of teacher training institution. The teacher training is sufficiently realized that courses for professional subjects contain development of student teacher language proficiency, intelligence and personality. It also provides a strong support to the student teacher training. The student teacher reflection will indicate the priorities to be adopted the different curses of educational opportunities.

In today’s competitive world, the only thing that is constant is change. As a result, creative capacity is the key. Creativity has become a topic of ever-increasing interest in educational settings. Like it or not, teachers serve as the metronome in the classroom. The meter and behavior established by them set the patterns and establish the models for students’ behavior as individuals and as a group. Thus, there is a need to identify the role of teacher leadership behaviors for students’ creativity. The purpose of this article is to propose possible approaches to facilitate creativity in the classroom, especially with the emphasis on leadership perspective. First, the definition of creativity is discussed. Then based on the literature, several strategies and ideas of promoting creativity are reviewed. Next, a possible model is proposed, including knowledge, creative thinking, motivation and self-efficacy, goal setting and work group, transformational leadership, and supportive leadership. Finally, the implication of this model is described.

This study analyzes and grades influential factors on customers’ satisfaction of city bank from services and relationship between their relationship to loyalty to the brand (case study: city bank Tehran Branch).conceptual model of this study is composed of 7 variables. These dimensions are: perceptual values of personnel services, perceptual value of equipment and physical possibilities, perceptual value of services, perceptual value of assessing services, perceptual value of the cost of services, perceptual value of promotions, and perceptual value of the process of offering services. This descriptive research is a correlative study. Population of this study is the entire customers of City Bank that from among this population 350 individuals were selected using Kokran Formula as sample. Analyzing the results showed that there is a significant relationship between perceptual values of mixed marketing factors and customers’ satisfaction. In addition, there is a significant relationship between customers’ satisfaction from banking services and their loyalty to baking brands. Also, from among mixed marketing variables the highest priority is given to the variable of perceptual value of personnel services with mean rate of 6.23 and perceptual value of the process of offering services has the lowest rate of mean that is 1.48.

The economic downturn and turbulent economic condition has caught many organizations off-guard. Building effective and high performing organization is a biggest challenge before them. Organizational effectiveness is one condition for success. The importance of successful implementation of organizational development (OD) in today's ever-expanding and constantly evolving dynamic world is recognized by most of the successful organizations. A key component of building an effective organization is to ensure effective implementation of organization development values and assumption, understanding organizational structure, culture, climate and its effect on behaviour. This article examines the process, phases and approaches of OD. In addition, it discusses few OD intervention strategies that influence an organization's improvement program in a change agent-client system relationship.

The students of junior colleges, who have learnt English from the first standard as the first language also face difficulties in writing essays. They are able to communicate in English but not quiet correct in expressing their views on any topic creatively. They commit number of errors like spellings, punctuation marks, grammar, vocabulary etc. In the world of globalization and as English is a universal language the above study will definitely help to understand the difficulties faced by XII std students and through certain remedial programmes, one can develop their essay writing skill

The position of women in India has transformed over the decades. Great strides have been made in ensuring equality for women in Indian society. However, contradictions and gaps in protecting certain basic rights of women continue to exist. The Government has actively – both through law and policy – sought to improve the status of women. Keeping in mind the regional variations, religious, caste and class-based differences that have a definitive impact on women in India; we draw some broad generalisations on the major socioeconomic developments that have impacted women in the country.

The global shift towards knowledge-based work has provoked a flood of books describing a scalar spectrum comprised of data, information, knowledge and wisdom (eg: Wiig et al 1997). But information to one person may be data to another. In this sense, knowledge can be defined as 'information with meaning and context'. The possession of knowledge and insight provides power and influence to individuals - and to organisations via the knowledge-based theory of the firm (Nonaka & Takeuchi 1995). Grant observes that "knowledge-based theory also permits us to look beyond conventional transaction cost analysis to better understand the optimal boundaries of the firm" (Grant 1997). But knowledge is tacit and exists in people's heads; so knowledge management must be a personal matter. Collectively, it is only feasible to 'manage for knowledge'. We recognize knowledge management as a socio-technical phenomenon where the basic social constructs such as person, team, and organization require support from information communication technology applications. Considering educational institutions as organizations and building on the knowledge-base theory of the organization, it is imperative to understand human resources in the organization as they are an important ingredient of “intellectual capital”. The researcher seeks to understand teachers and their perceptions of their knowledge management practices in relation to other vital variables that contribute to these knowledge management practices. This research paper studies the Knowledge Management strategies of teacher educators as perceived by self and as perceived by student teachers in some teacher training colleges. It also studies the Organizational Culture as perceived by the teacher educators in these teacher training colleges. Finally it seeks to ascertain the relationship between; Knowledge Management strategies of teacher educators as perceived by self, with perceived organizational culture, teaching experience and knowledge management as perceived by student-teachers.

Stress is inherent in our lives from the day we are born to the day we die. Stress is more important in the life of college students. As stress in an integral part of our lives, there is no way of escaping it. In essence, complete freedom from stress is death. The important paradox is that stress plays a key role in our daily lives, influencing, happiness, productivity and health. It will likely come as no surprise that women say they feel more stressed out than men do. Psychiatrists and sociologists verify it; so do the studies that probe the depths of gender and stress. Stress is common in both the men and female. Causes of anxiety and depression in both the men and women are dissimilar from each other. It is unknown that why stress affects men and women differently. Generally, as the two sexual categories often work in different social circumstances, both are likely to build up different emotional temperament and personality. Men and women express different response to stress. It may give details in their longer life span and health. Compared to males, females had higher levels of markers for Protein Kinase A (PKA) in the striatum indicating increased dopamine and therefore greater reinforcement of reward signals in the female brains. The most common response to this stress is to ignore it and carry on regardless. All forms of stress consume energy. This is why it is important to eat particularly healthily while under stress. Unfortunately, it tends to convenience or comfort food with few nutrients, plus a large intake of coffee. After classifying different types of stress level and their relation with the dietary habits were studied by selecting 100 subjects. A pre-planned questionnaire was prepared and survey was conducted with the subjects. A definite correlation was established between stress level and the nutritional status of the different male and female. A study provides useful information and dietary remedy to relieve the stress.

Games and sports have been of tremendous interest of people throughout the world. In our own country various types of games provided opportunities to the sports persons to display their talent and skill and for common man it was a source of entertainment. It order to acquire skill, various exercise and strategies were involved but no systematic and scientific methods were developed to improve the aspects mentioned above. It was visualized that if mental and physical training has to be imported if should start from early stage of life. Thus it emerged that sport activity should be combined with education. Our point of view is indicated when we comes across old Persian literature of games and sports where it was claimed that young boys were trained in such activities as running, jumping, riding, javelin throwing etc. similarly Egyptians, Babylonians and Jewish community patronized extensive Physical Education Programmers. The objective of education calls for the whole some personality development of a child which includes development of physical and mental faculties in additional to social and emotional uplift of the child. Since human being is a combined of body mind and spirit, he cannot be compartmentalized into body and mind separately. Therefore combining the world physical with education brings out a clear sense that the discipline, mental, social, emotional and spiritual development. It becomes interpretative that the newly born discipline of physical education should be put in to proper perspective and thoroughly studied for the welfare of humanity at large.

Muslims are the main part of Indian politics, many politicians are contnributed In indian politics in pre-independence period. Muslims they are leaving in India for many of years. Though they are not the natural inhabitants of country yet there role and appearance in Indian politics cannot be overlooked. The role of Muslims during the independence has been the theme of several recent studies. A lot of these managing with important movements.

The twenty first century is round the corner . The nations of the world and striving utmost to bring into the lives of their people the marvels of science and technology undoubtedly human life on this planet has been greatly enriched with incredible scientific advance. Value Education means inculcating in the children a sense of humanism a deep concern for the well being of others and nation. This can be accomplished only when we instill in the children deep feeling of commitment to values that brings order security and assured progress.

Education shapes the personality of the individual. A schools and colleges social institution takes the responsibility of shaping the pupil. The school is expected to teach the three R’s to the students. i.e. Reading, Writing and Reckoning. When student completes the school course, he or she expected to have mastery over three skills-Reading, Writing, counting and computations. Of these, the present research study is related to reading. It has found that the Highschool students do react fluently, with proper pronunciations but they seem to understand very little what they have read. The present research study was needed to improve student’s habits of silent reading. It was also necessary for developing the habits of extensive reading or skimming, and the intensive reading or scanning. It is evident that skimming and scanning lead to comprehension of the reading material. Thus, the present research study was necessary to improve reading ability of students.

Women constitute half of the world`s population, perform nearly two thirds of its work hours but receive only one-tenth of income and own one-hundredth of property. They are vital part of the Indian economy, constituting one third of the national labor force and forming a major contributor to the survival of family. About 89% of total female labor is involved in agriculture and allied sectors. Women have extensive work load with dual responsibility of farming in general and house hold production in particular areas. Even though the SHGs are providing empowerment to women, it failed to reach the major objectives and purpose of SHGs. Therefore present study through light on identifying such misappropriations’ committed by SHG members which is hurdle for empowerment of women.

The fast growing accessibility and capability of emerging technologies have fashioned enormous possibilities of designing, developing and implementing innovative teaching methods in the classroom. The global technological scenario has paved the way to new pedagogies in teaching-learning process focusing on technology based learning environment and its impact on student achievement. The present experimental study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of technology based learning environment on student achievement in chemistry at secondary level. A pre-test- post-test equivalent group design was used to compare the achievement of the two groups. A Pre-test and A post-test containing 50 items each from Chemistry textbook were developed and administered. The collected data were statistically analyzed. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the mean scores of Experimental group and the Control group. The performance of Experimental group was better on post-test scores that indicted that teaching through technology based learning environment enhanced the achievement level of the students. On the basis of the results, it was recommended that teaching and learning through information and communication technologies may be adopted to enhance the language learning capability of the students.