Banks were extensively established and flourished as a result of economic pressures and government initiatives. Cooperative financial institutions have a greater and deeper presence in rural and semi-urban areas than the others. Co-operative banks are a part of the sizable and influential superstructure of cooperative institutions in India. UCBs are improving people's lives in Maharashtra, which has a varied population and a wide range of socioeconomic conditions. We look at how UCBs interact with persons without bank accounts and how this improves their quality of life. This study examines how Indian urban cooperative banks (UCBs) in Maharashtra are assisting those with insufficient access to banking services. We look at actual cases where UCBs successfully introduce banking to underserved regions. By examining these examples, we may see how UCBs are improving banking's inclusivity and fostering a sense of community. Comparing several situations allows us to identify common factors that contribute to the success of these undertakings. This assists UCBs, government representatives, and others in developing superior development plans that take everyone into account.

Retailing refers to the process of selling goods and services in small quantities to final customer. Retailers sources products from different wholesalers / manufacturers and sell them to final consumers. In short retailing encompasses the business activities involved in selling goods and services to consumers for their personal, family or household use. Retailing is the last link that connects the individual consumer with the manufacturer. In 2004 the total retail business is Rs.9300 billion out of which only 3.01 percent is the share of organized retail. The total retail size has grown up to Rs.58824 billion in 2020 and the share of organized retail around 10 percent. In the financial year 2021 FMCG market reached to us$103.70 billion and online grocery market’s turnover was about US$3.95 billion. The Indian retail sector has become one of the biggest sectors in terms of contribution in GDP (10%) and in employment (8%) in 2022. In this paper there is an attempt to analyze the status of retail sector in India.

The present research work is an attempt by the investigator to study academic stress among secondary school students in relation to their socio-economic status. A descriptive research method was used. A sample of 120 secondary school students was taken based on a random sampling method. Bisht Battery of Stress Scale (for adolescents and adults) developed and standardized by Dr. (Km.) Abha Rani Bisht and Socio-economic status scale developed by Dr. A. Kalia and Dr. Sahu were used to collect the data. Statistical techniques such as Mean, Standard Deviation, ‘t-test, and Karl Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation were used to analyze the data. It was observed from the analysis of data that female secondary school students have more academic stress than male secondary school students, while students having low and high levels of socio-economic status do not differ significantly on academic stress and academic stress and socio-economic status of secondary school students are negatively correlated with each other. It can be interpreted that the higher the socio-economic status, the lower the academic stress of secondary school students and vice-versa.

The medical field is an important aspect of social system. It is highly functional in society and also contributes to the working pattern of social system. Medical field was highly dominated by men for last many centuries. Men were operative and highly functional in the field of medicine. Rather the functioning pattern of medical field is male oriented.

Women workers and globalization, emergent contradictions in India” by Indrani Mazumdar, was first published in April 2007 by STREE, and imprint of Bhatkal and Sen.

World Health Organization (1978) proposes the assumption of three-tier classification system including impairment, functional limitations and disability. Impairment leads to functional limitations and functional limitations leads to disability. An attempt is being made to study the effect of instructional programme on academic performance of primary schools’ students with dyslexia in Amravati Division of Maharashtra. The aim of this paper was to compare the mean academic achievement scores of Pre and Post-tests. Experimental method was adopted and the data were collected by means of an academic achievement test based on language and elementary mathematics and attitude scale. The study reveals that there is significant difference between mean academic achievement scores of boys and girls in the scores of Pre and Post-tests in language.

The National Education Policy 2020 is the first education policy of the 21st century and aims to address the many growing developmental imperatives of our country. This Policy proposes the revision and revamping of all aspects of the education structure, including its regulation and governance, to create a new system that is aligned with the aspirational goals of 21st century education. The National Education Policy 2020 envisages an inclusive and structural change in the educational system. It focuses on 'Equitable and Inclusive Education' which reverberates the idea that no child should be left behind in terms of educational opportunity because of their background and socio-cultural identities. This paper is an attempt to discuss the new provisional changes for Inclusive Education in NEP 2020 and it’s success depends on various other factors such as Teacher’s efficacy viewed as a key ingredient to create successful inclusive classroom environments. The internal consistency and item-correlation of assessment tool ‘Teacher’s Inclusive Practice Scale’ (TIPS) used for investigating the inclusive practices of teacher’s working in the inclusive schools has been discussed.

The quantitative measurement and analysis of the physical parameters of a drainage basin or catchment area is known as basin morphometry. Relief aspects of basin morphometry focus on the elevation and vertical differences within the basin. Relief is a crucial factor in understanding the landscape's topographic complexity and has significant implications for various natural processes and human activities. The Ratnagiri district's Saptlingi Basin in the Sangmeshwar Taluka has been selected as the study region for the current research. The primary objective of the present research is to investigate the relief morphometry of the Saptlingi basin using ArcGIS and ASTER GDEM data. The study reveals that the study region has the typical type of relative relief.

Researcher has attempted to study relationship of interest and classroom activeness with academic achievement of Non-Hindi speaking students in Hindi subject. The research work was confined to Marathi and Semi Marathi medium schools recognized by the Maharashtra State Board of Secondary and Higher Secondary Education in Amravati district of Maharashtra State. Interest scale was developed on four factors namely liking, success, action and motivation whereas an activeness scale was developed on six factors namely Classroom Management, Listening, Speaking, Reading, Writing and Doing. The study revealed that there is no significant correlation between interest and classroom activeness with academic achievement of non-Hindi speaking students in Hindi subject.

“Learning is not the product of teaching. Learning is the product of the activity of the learners” - John Holt Children learn at their own pace through a variety of supervised activities in a teaching method called activity-based learning. It is a more involved and interesting way to teach kids. It enables the monitoring of essential variables including speech, motor skills, coordination, and social abilities, among others. It is a fun method of teaching since it stimulates children's brain growth by asking them questions constantly and getting their responses. The three basic methods of activity-based learning are experimentation, expressiveness, and discovery.

The Indian national movement, which aimed to secure India's independence from British colonial rule, witnessed the significant participation of women from diverse backgrounds, including Dalit, Sikh, Muslim, Christian, and tribal communities. These women freedom fighters played a crucial role in shaping the course of the movement and advocating for India's freedom. Their contributions were not only instrumental in challenging the British colonial power but also in challenging societal norms and prejudices prevalent during that era. Women played a crucial role in the Indian National Movement, which aimed to free India from British colonial rule. They actively participated in various stages of the struggle, making significant contributions and sacrifices The role of women from these communities in the Indian National Movement is often overlooked. However, their contributions were significant and helped to pave the way for India's independence. They showed that women from all backgrounds can play a vital role in social change. Women from all castes participated in the Indian independence movement, but women from different castes, religions and communities made great contributions despite all the social and religious barriers. In this paper, I have tried to throw light on the unprecedented contribution made by these women in the freedom movement.

Obstetrics and Gynaecology (O and G) are among the fortes at high gamble of negligence claims. Specifically, obstetric negligence draws in high occurrence of cases as birth wounds are typically serious and destroying. Victims are deprived of years of enjoyment, independence, and productivity as a result of their injuries, which typically result in disabilities and malformations that last a lifetime. The victims typically incur enormous costs for medical care because these injuries occur so early in life. As these forces upsetting and significant weight on the relatives, they will generally depend on prosecution as method for securing financial remuneration. The largest quantities of clinical carelessness cases in Malaysia include obstetric wounds and six to seven-figure court grants are currently turning into the pattern for remunerating obstetric misbehaviour casualties. In any case, demonstrating obstetric negligence is certainly not a simple undertaking with long periods of prosecution, which at last may not furnish casualties with money related remuneration if fruitless. Further, the expansion in obstetric prosecution has set off higher charge for clinical repayment protection making many specialists leave the subspecialty. Despite the fact that the specialist toward the end may not be tracked down liable yet the injury of being sued made them endure troubles in getting back to their work.

The education system has always been bound by the continuous and comprehensive processes of assessment and evaluation. The inevitability of evaluation in the system of education has led to the notion of development of new practices in evaluation. With the constant development of the education system comes the requirement of the upgradation of the processes of evaluation based on the current trends in evaluation. The present paper deals with the importance of integrating the current trends in evaluation in the education system with a specific focus on the method of knowledge-based evaluation. It speaks about the relevance and need of knowledge-based evaluation in today’s world.

The small-business industry is vital for the country's growth. Small-scale industries in our nation have been harmed by a lack of entrepreneurial skills to take initiative and chances in uncharted industrial domains. Among managerial problems, inefficient management is most prevalent. This research study intends to thoroughly investigate the numerous managerial difficulties that India's small-scale enterprises are now dealing with. Because they create jobs and strengthen regional economies, small-scale industries are essential to the nation's development. These industries do, however, face a number of difficulties that limit their expansion and sustainability. In order to understand potential solutions that can improve the overall performance and competitiveness of small-scale enterprises, this study will determine and evaluate these issues. The current study makes an effort to shed light on the many managerial issues faced by business owners in small-scale enterprises. Every successful manager makes an effort to achieve goals while minimising cost, time, money, and material. All levels of an organisation in an enterprise require a solid understanding of management ideas and procedures.

Learning styles are closely associated with theories concerning cognitive development, intellectual tendencies, and individual personality traits. Several theories have been put forth to elucidate the formation of thinking styles and their impact on cognitive processes and collaborative endeavors. (Sabater., 2022) Learning styles refer to a range of theories that aim to account for differences in individuals' learning. Although there is ample evidence that individuals express personal preferences for how they prefer to receive information, few studies have found any validity in using learning styles in education.  Many theories share the proposition that humans can be classified according to their "style" of learning, but differ in how the proposed styles should be defined, categorized and assessed.  A common concept is that individuals differ in how they learn.

Katha aani kadambari ya sahityaprakarat kahi saman gundharma asale tari katha va kadambari he donhi swatantra sahityaprakar aahet.

"Vidyevina mati geli, mati vina gati geli, gati vina vitta gele, vitta vina kshudra khachale, itake anartha yeka avidyene kele."

The present research study aimed to examining gender and age differences in mobile gaming habits of secondary school students in Punjab. The mobile gaming habits and patterns involve frequency, preferences and time spent on mobile game play. The research employed a sample of 1200 students selected through stratified random sampling, with 55.5% identifying as male and 44.5% as female. Data collection instruments included a self-constructed Mobile Gaming Habits Scale and a Biographic-Demographic Information Form. The results of the study indicate substantial distinctions between male and female students across various dimensions of mobile gaming habits, including withdrawal, obsession, mood modification, and malfunction. However, no significant differences were observed concerning age. 90.9% of school students use mobile for playing digital games and more than one-third 37% of school students play action games on mobile. Males predominantly engage in multiplayer gaming mode, displaying a preference for action, role-playing, and sports game genres. Conversely, females exhibit a predilection for singleplayer gaming mode, gravitating towards puzzle game genres. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the relationship between gender, age, and mobile gaming behaviours among secondary school students. Such insights are valuable for educators, parents, and researchers aiming to address potential concerns related to excessive mobile gaming and its impact on adolescents.

This research article conducts a comprehensive comparative analysis of two significant educational policies in India: the Kothari Education Commission of 1964-66 and the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020. It seeks to discern the objectives, strategies, and outcomes of these pivotal policies, shedding light on their contributions to the evolution of the Indian education landscape. The Kothari Education Commission emerged during the post-independence era, addressing the urgent need to expand educational access while promoting quality and equity. In contrast, NEP-2020, developed against the backdrop of globalization, technological advancements, and shifting work dynamics, aims to equip learners for the challenges of the contemporary world. Through a meticulous examination of curriculum and pedagogical recommendations, strategies to enhance access and equity, approaches to teacher training and professional development, and implementation challenges, this study offers a nuanced understanding of the historical and contextual foundations of these policies. It also delves into their profound impact on education systems, students, and society. By juxtaposing these significant policies, this research article endeavours to uncover enduring lessons, achievements, and limitations. It aims to contribute to ongoing dialogues on education reform and policy development in India, fostering a deeper comprehension of the dynamic evolution of educational aspirations and strategies. It underscores India's steadfast commitment to education as a transformative force that shapes its destiny. The comparative analysis presented herein serves as an invaluable resource for policymakers, educators, researchers, and all stakeholders invested in India's educational future, providing insights from the past and present to guide the way forward.

Primary education is one the fundamental rights of every individual, irrespective of their age, sex, caste, religion and their ability or disability. Although, huge amounts are being spent for the noble cause of education and universalization of primary education, tribal students are still deprived, deficient and deviated from the mainstream of educational and social race. The research paper dealt with one of the most crucial issues related to the standard of present tribal primary education in Maharashtra. The objective of this study was to study the effectiveness of tribal Dialect Program on the academic achievement of tribal students of Seventh class in Marathi Subject. The study reveals that there is significant effect of tribal Dialect Program on the academic achievement of tribal students of Seventh class in Marathi Subject.