The food delivery system has grown considerably in the gig economy, and the bike driver’s efficiency depends on road infrastructure for timely deliveries. The efficiency of the delivery system is hindered by various stop–and–go driving conditions due to speed breakers, turns, signals, traffic etc. This paper specifically deals with the stop–and–go conditions due to speed breakers in the Vasai-Virar region. The study gives the effects of fuel consumption and its efficiency and examines its impact on gig economy operation. The result shows that frequent speed breakers raise operation costs and drastically decrease efficiency. The estimated loss of Rs.18871.13 in a month and for a year total loss of Rs. 226465.66 for 100 active food delivery bike riders covering an average distance of 500 km per day is reported and with the increase of speed breakers from 50 to 500 the loss increases from ₹ 60,465.13 to ₹ 6,04,651.32 per year.

Social media and online platforms has given rise to gig economy. Due to spread of gig workers the trend of short term and contractual agreements based jobs has increased. This paper talks about some advantages of gig economy due to this communication, corporate work, to find a job opportunity becomes smooth on the other hand in traditional economy it was difficult to connect with each other, there was a lack of internet, lack of social media, lack of advance payment methods etc. To collect data researcher took sample of 65 and use questionnaire method of data collection. The research findings highlight both the benefits and challenges of the gig economy in relation to traditional employment. While flexibility and work-life balance are significant advantages, financial uncertainty and lack of job security remain key concerns.

Urban farming and the gig economy are reshaping modern agriculture, particularly through innovations in micro-green cultivation and vertical farming. Micro-greens—nutrient-dense immature greens harvested within 7–14 days—are gaining global recognition for their superior phytonutrient content, disease-preventive properties, and sustainability. This review explores the nutritional advantages of micro-greens, comparing traditional soil-based methods with advanced hydroponic and aeroponic systems to assess their efficiency, cost, and scalability. The rise of urban micro-green farming in India is fueled by increasing consumer demand, urbanization, and gig workforce integration, leading to profitable small-scale agribusiness ventures. Additionally, this paper highlights emerging trends, technological advancements, and successful Indian micro-green entrepreneurs, demonstrating the transformative potential of botany-driven innovations in urban agriculture. By leveraging vertical farming technologies and gig-based farming models, micro-green cultivation presents a sustainable and economically viable solution to urban food security challenges.

The proportion of the gig economy in traditional economy has been increasing rapidly. Being leveraged on demographic dividends, India has been using that space for rapid economic growth. India stands at the forefront in the development of the gig economy. The magnitude and gravity of informal sector of gig economy have been increasing tremendously. Millions of gig workers are working for their livelihood by putting their lives at risk. Gig workers are working different shifts, where they face long waiting times for orders, eccentric customers, meagre wages, a strong surveillance machine-based algorithm, frustrated traffic, problems of stray dogs, intoxicated men and lack of social security. They grapple with the physical and psychological problems. It is a need of the hour to devise tangible and constructive legislations to provide social security for this sector. Sustainable growth of Shining India should not be shouldered on the paining India. For the larger and overall comprehensive growth of India, there should be positive efforts to legalize social security for millions of gig workers.

The gig economy has revolutionized the global labor market. It provides short-term bases and freelance work environments. Gig economy is mainly a term used to describe online work from remote places. This nature of the gig economy makes it dependent on digital platforms, which introduces a risk of cybersecurity. This research paper examines the cybersecurity challenges faced by gig economy stakeholders, including data breaches, user privacy concern, fraud, phishing attacks and lack of standardization. It also states various solutions such as using strong passwords, installing security software, educating employees, encryption of sensitive data, and time-to-time data backup. The paper concludes with how a sustainable gig economy ecosystem can be achieved.

This study delves into how gig employment affects teachers’ job satisfaction, work-life balance, and overall well-being within the evolving gig economy. Teachers are increasingly exploring gig opportunities like online tutoring and freelance educational work due to financial pressures and flexible work options. While these roles provide extra income and professional growth, they can also bring challenges like heightened stress, workload, and a disrupted equilibrium between personal and professional lives. By employing a mixed-methods approach, this research gathers qualitative and quantitative data to uncover both the advantages and risks of gig employment for educators. Ultimately, the study aims to inform policies that support teachers in balancing gig work with their primary roles and overall well-being effectively.

The world is changing rapidly, and this transformation is essential. Let's consider a straightforward example: when cooking a meal, a chef must accurately estimate the precise amount of food needed. This estimation depends on several factors, including the number of people being served, how many types of food are prepared, and various other considerations. The primary intention behind these calculations is to minimize food waste. This paper follows the same principle of minimization of waste and focuses on improving consumer satisfaction through AI-driven demand forecasting in the gig economy. Traditional demand forecasting methods often struggle to accurately predict the consumption of products or services across different companies, making it challenging to meet customer needs effectively. By leveraging AI-driven demand forecasting, businesses can plan more accurately to meet customer demand. Regardless of the industry, the goal is to achieve accuracy and efficiency in service delivery. AI-driven forecasting enhances the demand forecasting process by using algorithms that produce more precise demand predictions. This paper explores the role of AI in demand forecasting within the gig economy, examining its applications, benefits, challenges, and solutions while comparing it to traditional demand forecasting techniques. This paper also provides examples from different sectors to clarify the topic.

Another reasonably popular abbreviation is G.I.G. Depending on the context, a gig acronym could represent God is Good, Get in Gear, Growing in Grace, or a variety of other things. Because there are so many definitions of "gig," it is important to consider the context while selecting the right one. In the gig economy, a free market system, businesses frequently hire independent freelancers for temporary work. A "gig" is a term used informally to describe a job that lasts for a predetermined period of time. The word "gig" has historically been used by musicians to describe a performance engagement. "Working in the gig economy means constantly being subjected to last-minute scheduling"

Agriculture and industry are closely related through agro-based enterprises. In addition to processing and adding value to agricultural products, these sectors make sure that customers can access and purchase them. They accomplish this by offering a vital link between agriculture and the larger economy. The development of agro-industry can also have an important impact on the local agricultural sector as well as the livelihoods of small holder farmers, provided their basic requirements are taken care by the government and facilitate the environment in which the rural people in general and poor in particular would find a sustainable livelihood. Agro-based companies are essential in promoting sustainable development because agriculture is the foundation of many emerging economies. Through effective resource utilization, climate change mitigation, and rural development, these industries—which rely heavily on agricultural products as their core raw materials—promote sustainability and economic prosperity. Examining the economic factors and effects of agricultural research, especially biotechnology research, this work aims to comprehend how agricultural biotechnology may be used to help the impoverished in emerging nations.

This research investigates the evolving landscape of gig worker rights, focusing on the effectiveness of current policies and regulations across Europe, the USA, and Asia. The primary aim is to assess whether existing policies are improving working conditions for gig workers or inadvertently causing unintended consequences. The study employs a qualitative methodology, examining case studies from Spain, France, the UK, the USA (California), and emerging gig economies in India and China. Key findings highlight that while regulations like Spain's Rider Law and the UK Supreme Court's ruling on Uber drivers have succeeded in enhancing worker protections, policies such as California's Proposition 22 have limited the extent of benefits provided. The study proposes that a balanced regulatory framework is necessary to ensure fair compensation and protections for gig workers while preserving the flexibility that defines gig work. Future research should focus on the long-term impacts of hybrid models and the integration of technology to improve gig worker rights.

The gig economy has significantly transformed Indian consumer behavior, with platforms like Ola, Uber, Swiggy, Zomato and Urban Company reshaping how services are accessed and consumed. This study examines the role of convenience and affordability as the primary drivers of consumer preference for gig-based services over traditional alternatives. The research explores how factors such as digital penetration, ease of transactions through UPI-based payments, competitive pricing, and promotional discounts contribute to widespread adoption. Additionally, the study investigates potential trade-offs, including concerns about service quality, surge pricing, consumer trust, and regulatory challenges, which influence consumer decision-making. By analyzing these dynamics, the research aims to provide insights for businesses and policymakers to optimize service models, enhance customer experience, and ensure the sustainable growth of India’s gig economy.

The gig economy has emerged as a significant component of modern labor markets, offering flexibility to workers and cost advantages to businesses. However, the regulation of gig work varies widely across different political landscapes, influenced by underlying ideological perspectives. This paper explores how political ideologies shape gig economy policies, focusing on regulatory approaches ranging from neoliberal, market-driven policies to socialist-oriented protections for gig workers. Through a comparative analysis of global policies, the study highlights the impact of ideological frameworks on labor rights, social security, and economic growth. The findings suggest that while deregulated models prioritize business flexibility, interventionist approaches emphasize worker protection, often leading to hybrid regulatory frameworks. The paper concludes with policy recommendations that balance innovation with labor rights in the evolving gig economy.

The gig economy provides rural women with an opportunity to earn income and gain independence by offering flexible, short-term jobs through online platforms. In many rural areas, women often face limited employment opportunities, low wages, and cultural restrictions on their work. The gig economy helps break these barriers by enabling women to take on jobs like freelancing, delivery, and home-based businesses, which can be done remotely or on their own schedule. This flexibility allows women to balance work and family responsibilities, while also increasing their income and developing valuable skills. Moreover, the independence gained from these jobs boosts their confidence and economic stability. However, challenges persist, such as poor internet access in rural areas, and social barriers that may limit women's participation in the gig economy. Despite these obstacles, the gig economy remains a powerful tool for empowering rural women and improving their socio-economic conditions.

The laws of complexities hold universally irrespective of system’s constituent parameter. Many real world phenomenon that are part of our everyday life like fluid flow, dripping tap, beating heart, population growth( human, animal, viruses etc.), weather forecasting, national economy, noise in electronic circuit are non-linear in nature.[1] Degree of predictability is the major distinctions between linear and non linear system. Even a relatively simple system can become chaotic for certain range of parameter. In this paper we will discuss how Logistic map (mathematical model) and Lyapunov exponent (a tool to quantify the sensitivity) can be use to understand the course of gig economy, a complex system in itself. Gig economy is characterize by many parameters apart from flexibility and independence. With reference to logistic map keeping the growth rate at optimum value will prevent the system either from entering in chaotic zone or stagnancy.

In 21st century we are witnessing the new concept of economy called as “Gig Economy”. Both men and women are provided with flexible employment opportunities in gig economy. Over the period of time, India, has experienced significant growth, employing millions various sectors. However, this expansion has also highlighted challenges related to differences in income and the limited legislations available to protect gig workers. During COVID-19 were people lost their jobs temporary and permanently gig economy played a crucial role for providing employment. This research paper focuses on participation of women in the gig economy, highlighting the opportunities and hardships faced by them. While gig work offers supple and independence, it also presents gender-specific obstacles, including wage disparities, lack of social protections and job insecurities. To enhance the concern of women in gig economy the paper focuses on the earlier Acts, new policies and strategies made by the government.

Despite the challenges, the rise of the gig economy in India's agriculture has the potential to increase production, lower costs, and broaden access to professional services. Ensuring equitable treatment of gig workers and maintaining excellent animal care standards are critical goals that require close oversight. The gig economy is revolutionising industries such as India's animal husbandry sector, which was formerly dependent on full-time agricultural labour. Technological advancements, such as increased smartphone use and rural internet access, have enabled digital platforms to connect farmers with temporary workers and specialty services, thereby overcoming economic restrictions and labour shortage. However, significant workforce management changes are necessary. The gig economy is gaining popularity because of its flexibility and efficiency.

The gig economy has emerged as a transformative force, reshaping traditional employment structures by emphasizing short-term, flexible work arrangements facilitated by digital platforms such as Uber, Upwork, and Fiverr. This study explores the impact of the gig economy on traditional business models, highlighting both opportunities and challenges. The rise of digital platforms, automation, and globalization has led to increased workforce flexibility, cost efficiency, and access to a global talent pool. Companies benefit from reduced overhead costs and scalable workforce solutions, while workers gain autonomy and diverse income opportunities. However, challenges like job insecurity, lack of social protections, and regulatory complexities persist. The study employs theoretical frameworks such as transaction cost economics and labor market dualism to analyze these dynamics. Case studies of gig platforms demonstrate their disruptive impact across industries, like IT, creative services, and healthcare face constraints. The findings suggest that businesses must adopt hybrid workforce strategies, integrating gig and full-time workers while ensuring regulatory compliance and worker protections. Policymakers must address legal ambiguities and implement measures to balance flexibility with fair labor standards. As automation and digitalization continue to shape the workforce, the gig economy’s influence expands, necessitating adaptive strategies from businesses and policymakers. This study contributes to the discourse on evolving labor markets, offering insights into sustainable workforce models in an era of increasing gig-based employment.

The Gig Economy (GE), powered by digital platforms, has significantly transformed industries such as food delivery, where workers operate on flexible, short-term contracts. In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) and automation have begun to play increasingly significant roles in this sector, enhancing operational efficiency, shaping consumer experiences, and altering labor dynamics. A particular focus is placed on food delivery platforms like Uber Eats, Zomato, and Swiggy, which connect gig workers with consumers through digital technology. This paper examines the convergence of AI, automation, and the GE in the food industry. It synthesizes existing research on the technological advancements in AI and automation, exploring how they impact gig workers, business operations, consumer behaviors, and the long-term implications for the food industry. Mathematical models, including shortest path algorithms, machine learning-based demand forecasting, and cost-benefit analyses, play a crucial role in optimizing food delivery services. Balancing technological advancements with fair labor practices is essential to creating a sustainable and equitable future in the gig economy.

This research paper examines the evolution of the gig economy over the decade from 2014 to 2024, highlighting key drivers, challenges, and policy responses. It studies the innovations in technology that have contributed to the gig economy’s growth, the socio-economic impacts on workers and businesses, and the influence of global events such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, the study examines regulatory frameworks and the influence of artificial intelligence in shaping the future of gig work. It offers insights into the viability of the gig economy and provides recommendations for policymakers and stakeholders. The gig economy, characterized by short-term and flexible work arrangements, has emerged as a significant and often debated sector in the global labour market. This paper aims to synthesize existing research on the gig economy, evaluate its economic implications, and identify avenues for future study.

In this new era of digitization, fraud detection in online payment (Gig Economy) has become very crucial. The study focuses on the significant selection of appropriate Machine Learning algorithms to stabilize performance factors and detect fraud transactions in the real world. Hence, this paper constitutes the comparison between two algorithms that are Max-Margin Model (Support Vector Machine) & Bagging of Decision Tress (Random Forest) to locate fraudulent transactions. We estimate the effectiveness of both the algorithms on the basis of performance metrics (precision, accuracy, F1-score, recall, ROC AUC), interpretability, robustness to imbalanced data, and scalability. The analysis conveys that the Random Forest triumphs over SVM in most measures, which may offer stability in practical applications for high performance. Hence, conversing the suggestions to apply an algorithm that is suitable for the real world, considering operational impediments for transparency in payment fraud detection systems in freelance platforms.

A rapid growth has been witnessed in the gig economy of India, leading to absorption of displaced labour during recessions and other phases of bust. The Hayekian business cycle theory under the umbrella of Austrian School of Economics puts forth the idea that the periods of economic booms stimulated by artificially lowered interest rates misguide the economic actors into undertaking malinvestment, viz. Misallocation of capital and other scarce resources. This malinvestment eventually requires correction, which descends upon the defunct economic system as a recession. While the labour roles and positions most seen within the gig economy are often viewed as a flexible fix adopted during labour downtimes or during stretches of underemployment, such economic opportunities are reliant on Venture Capital (VC), which raises concerns about sustainability. This paper critically examines whether gig platforms in India represent a genuine and sustained labor market correction during such phases of bust, or are merely another form of short lived malinvestment in face of monetary tightening that reduces easy credit.

The rapid expansion of the gig economy, characterized by ride-hailing, delivery services, and freelance logistics, has driven the need for sustainable, cost-effective transportation solutions. Electric vehicles (EVs) have emerged as a viable alternative to traditional internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles, offering lower operational costs and environmental benefits. This paper explores the critical role of physics in developing EVs, optimized for gig economy applications. It delves into the principles governing battery technology, energy efficiency, aerodynamics, regenerative braking, and vehicle dynamics. By analyzing these aspects, this study highlights how advancements in physics contribute to EV performance, longevity, and feasibility, ultimately making them a practical choice for high-utilization gig economy workers.

The gig economy has reconstructed the global labour market, offering flexible work opportunities through digital platforms such as Uber, Swiggy, and Upwork. However, many gig workers, particularly in developing regions, face financial challenges such as irregular income, lack of banking access, and dependence on cash transactions. Digital payment solutions, including mobile wallets, UPI-based transfers, and fintech platforms like PayPal and M-Pesa, have emerged as crucial tools in addressing these issues by enabling fast, secure, and transparent transactions. Digital payments play a significant role in enhancing financial inclusion by providing access to banking services without the need for traditional bank accounts, creating credit histories, and encouraging savings. Women and low-income workers, often excluded from the formal financial system, particularly benefit from these innovations. Case studies such as M-Pesa in Africa and UPI in India highlight the positive impact of digital transactions on financial empowerment. Despite these advantages, challenges such as digital literacy, internet accessibility, cybersecurity risks, and regulatory barriers persist. Addressing these issues through fintech advancements, improved digital education, and policy support will be essential for a fully inclusive financial ecosystem. As digital payments continue to evolve, they hold the potential to create a more accessible and equitable financial landscape for gig workers worldwide.

The gig economy comprises of temporary, freelance, and contract-based work, often facilitated by digital platforms. Gig workers lack traditional employment benefits but enjoy flexibility and autonomy. Organic farming is a farming practice that focuses on sustainability by utilizing natural methods for crop cultivation and livestock production. Organic farming emphasizes soil health, promotes biodiversity and prioritizes sustainability. The demand for organic products has risen due to increasing consumer awareness about health and environmental concerns. The gig economy has reshaped the workforce by providing flexible, short-term employment opportunities, while organic farming has gained prominence as a sustainable and health-conscious approach to agriculture. Gig workers can assist in harvesting, packaging and distribution, offering farmers a dynamic workforce while generating income opportunities for rural communities. The intersection of these two sectors presents unique opportunities and challenges. This paper explores how gig economy principles can be applied to organic farming, analyzing benefits, risks, and potential future developments.

As the global economy is growing, we observeone remarkable change thatthe rising influence of gig economy around us. It is altering the landscape of traditional employment as it provides flexible working hours and project-based work, part time jobs which leads to increased employment opportunities. Through literature review and analysis of secondary data collected, this research paper studies the complexities of both the gig economy and traditional job structures focusing on how gig economy and traditional employment together can boost the economic growth of the country. Key findings elaborate the structure of both the gig economy and traditional economy, the role and challenges of gig economy. By studying both positive and negative impacts, this research concludes the ways to make a bridge between the gig economy and traditional economic model for overcoming economic challenges in the country.

This research paper examines the interconnection between the gig economy and sustainable development in Maharashtra, India. With the rapid expansion of digital platforms such as Uber, Swiggy, Zomato, and Upwork, the gig economy has transformed traditional labour markets, offering flexible employment opportunities. While it has contributed to economic empowerment and financial inclusivity, it has also raised concerns regarding labor rights, job security, and environmental sustainability. This paper explores these impacts through a comprehensive analysis of the economic, social, and environmental dimensions of the gig economy. It highlights how gig work promotes entrepreneurship, women's empowerment, and decentralization of economic activity, while also addressing challenges like fair wages, worker protections, and environmental footprints. By evaluating current policies and proposing new strategies, the paper provides insights into how Maharashtra can foster a sustainable and inclusive gig economy. It also emphasizes the importance of government interventions, such as labour regulations, environmental incentives, and digital infrastructure improvements, to ensure the long-term success of the gig economy in contributing to sustainable development.

Gig Economy aims at creating win-win situation where in workers can get the autonomy and possibilities of multiple income sources, while businesses benefit from the cost-effective access to specialized skills on demand. Rapid growth in gig workers raises the concern to study the dynamics of work environment of gig workers and its impact on their psychosocial wellbeing. Gig Work is featured by short-term, flexible, task-based work engagement. Working conditions of gig workers are drastically different from traditional, long-term, permanent jobs. Though the gig economy promises autonomy and flexibility, it is required to study its real impact on psychosocial health. Work Life Balance is a crucial factor determining psychosocial health of employees . Present study aims at understanding the dynamics of working conditions of Gig Workers and analysing their impact on Work Life Balance of Gig Workers by using analytical method based on review of literature. Various working conditions dynamics like unpredictable working hours, unrealistic deadlines, social isolation, financial instability, unfair algorithmic evaluation, ‘always on’ mode , frequent travelling and no clearcut switch from work and family life affect Work-Life Balance of gig workers. Defining clear boundaries for working hours, skill development, building expertise, wise use of technology, developing social support and prioritising self-care will help to improve Work-Life Balance.

The rise of the gig economy has significantly altered traditional employment structures, extending its influence to the education sector, particularly among teachers in self-financing institutions. This study explores the impact of gig-based employment on the productivity and job satisfaction of teachers working in these institutions. It examines how contractual and part-time teaching roles affect work engagement, financial stability, and overall job commitment. The research highlights both the advantages—such as flexible work arrangements and diverse teaching opportunities—and the challenges, including job insecurity, lack of institutional benefits, and increased workload. Through a mixed-methods approach, incorporating surveys and interviews, the study assesses the perceptions of teachers regarding their work environment, professional growth, and financial well-being. The findings provide valuable insights into how gig-based employment influences educators’ efficiency and satisfaction, offering recommendations for policymakers and institutional leaders to improve working conditions in self-financing institutions.

The gig economy, which encompasses the rise of short-term, freelance, and independent work arrangements, has experienced a significant surge in popularity in recent times. The labour market is undergoing a significant transformation, altering the traditional work dynamics and influencing the way businesses function in the gig economy, which is expected to play a crucial role in the future of commerce. The gig economy, which refers to an independent way of working, is experiencing rapid growth in the evolving business landscape. It is thought that the gig economy, which extends from digital-based platforms to location-based platforms, from local markets to international markets, will directly affect traditional as well as modern business in this world in this study; the effects of the gig economy on business are discussed by considering both positive and negative aspects.

The gig economy has undergone significant transformation with the rise of digital platforms and technological advancements. Digital transformation has enabled flexible work arrangements, expanded market access, and streamlined operational processes. This paper explores the role of digital tools, artificial intelligence, and mobile applications in enhancing gig work experiences. Job insecurity, lack of social benefits, and algorithmic management are the challenges faced by (G.E).It highlights the regulatory landscape and the future potential of digital innovations in reshaping the gig economy.

The rapid growth of the gig economy in India has led to an increase in the number of workers engaged in freelance and platform-based employment. However, these gig workers often lack access to formal social security systems. In response, the Government of India introduced the E-Shram application to register unorganized sector workers and extend welfare benefits to them. Despite its objectives, the awareness and adoption of the E-Shram platform among gig workers remain limited. This exploratory research employed a survey-based methodology, targeting gig workers across India to assess their level of awareness regarding the E-Shram application. The findings indicate that a substantial percentage of gig workers are unaware of the platform, with key barriers including low digital literacy, inadequate dissemination of information, and procedural difficulties. The study recommends the implementation of targeted awareness campaigns, simplification of the registration process, and strategic partnerships with gig economy platforms to increase accessibility and engagement. These measures are essential to bridge the awareness gap and ensure that gig workers receive the social security benefits provided by the E-Shram initiative. Future research should explore the long-term impact of E-Shram and how policy changes can further improve worker protection.

The gig economy has significantly transformed various industries, including library and information science (LIS). As freelance, contract-based, and temporary work arrangements become more prevalent, LIS professionals are increasingly engaging in gig-based roles, particularly in specialized domains such as collection development in medical college libraries (Tian and Chen, 2024). This shift presents both opportunities and challenges in collection development, a crucial aspect of library management that ensures access to relevant, high-quality resources for medical education and research (Senthurvelmurugan, 2011). In the context of medical college libraries, the gig economy offers LIS professionals the flexibility to work on short-term projects such as digital curation, metadata management, and subscription negotiations (Gussek and Wiesche, 2023). Freelancers and contract librarians can contribute to resource acquisition, licensing, and the integration of digital tools without being tied to traditional full-time employment (Gaikwad and Bilawar, 2023). However, these opportunities also come with challenges, including job insecurity, inconsistent professional development, and difficulties in coordinating long-term collection strategies (Goswami and Biswas, 2011).