The rise of the gig economy and the digital nomad lifestyle has created significant challenges for international taxation systems. The independent platform players in form of freelancers and others have changed the economy drastically all over the world. As individuals work remotely across multiple jurisdictions, traditional tax frameworks struggle to address issues of tax residency, double taxation, and compliance enforcement. There are various factors to be considered while taxing the gig workers like expenses incurred, income earned actual and gross, differentiation between personal and professional income etc. This paper explores these complexities through a case study approach, analysing real-world scenarios to illustrate the gaps in current taxation policies. The research provides recommendations for policymakers and gig workers to navigate these challenges effectively.

The rise of the gig economy has transformed traditional labour markets, introducing new forms of employment characterized by flexibility, autonomy, and digital platform mediation. While this shift has created opportunities for income generation and entrepreneurial work, it has also given rise to significant economic uncertainty and instability. This paper explores the dual nature of the gig economy, analyzing its impact on economic stability from both individual and macroeconomic perspectives. Drawing on existing literature, empirical data, and case studies, the research highlights key challenges such as income volatility, lack of social security, regulatory gaps, and mental health implications. The paper also examines policy responses and proposes recommendations to ensure a more inclusive and secure gig economy that balances innovation with worker protection.

The growing gig economy has redefined employment, offering flexibility and autonomy but often at the expense of financial stability. The rapid growth of the platform economy has provoked scholarly discussion of its consequences for the nature of work and employment. This study compares the financial well-being of gig workers, who earn daily flexible wages, with traditional employees receiving fixed monthly salaries. It explores key aspects such as income consistency, savings, expense coverage, and access to employment benefits. The study examines financial stability through indicators like savings accumulation and the ability to meet monthly expenses. The findings reveal that gig workers, despite having the potential for higher earnings on certain days, income fluctuations, resulting in an average savings deficit and less expense coverage. Traditional employees exhibit greater financial security with full expense coverage. A closer look at examples, such as Zomato delivery riders versus bank clerks, further illustrates these disparities. The study highlights the contrast between income flexibility and long-term security, raising concerns about the financial vulnerability of gig workers. It underscores the need for policy measures, including social security provisions and financial literacy programs, to support those engaged in the gig economy and create a more balanced employment landscape.

Gone are the days when we would sit down every morning on the porch and read the newspaper to scout job opportunities, circle the interested ads with a pen or a marker then go and dial the given number or go for an interview at the said address. Where finding jobs that did not come with many commitments and a fix hour of mundane work schedule , where being stuck at a 9 to 5 job seemed pretty much normal .No more are people seeking such jobs or opportunities rather working multiple jobs in a single day on hourly basis and getting paid on the same day has become the new normal of many . Considering the trends and the current generational ideologies there was a huge shift in marketing and advertising from the traditional print media to digital marketing. We are not left uncharmed by the perky notifications by food delivery apps where they not only appeal to our appetite but also to our emotions. The engaging youtube ads or sponsored stories on instagram compel us to watch them rather than clicking on the skip button. Watching young artists, gen Zs doing the work of their dream and maintaining a work-life balance on reels motivates us to look out of the box and take up tasks or jobs that we really enjoyed doing but lacked the courage to move towards due to traditional requirements of Job security. This paper aims to find out the impact of digital marketing on the increasing number of gig economy workers especially in the age group of 18 to 25 yrs.

This study looks at the elements that affect profitability among greenhouse producers in Vasai City, Western Maharashtra. Greenhouse horticulture has gained popularity owing to its capacity to produce high-quality crops all year, therefore contributing to the agricultural economy. The study finds several characteristics that have a major influence on profitability, including operating expenses, crop choice, market access, and technological adoption. Data were gathered using structured questionnaires distributed to 120 greenhouse producers in the region. To evaluate the proposed hypotheses, statistical analyses were performed using SPSS. The data show a favourable relationship between technology utilisation and profitability, but operational expenditures have a negative influence. This study offers useful information for policymakers and practitioners looking to increase the profitability of greenhouse farming. Understanding these influencing factors allows stakeholders to create focused strategies for supporting and promoting sustainable farming practices in Vasai City.

The gig economy has emerged as a significant labor market phenomenon, offering flexible work arrangements across various sectors. This research paper explores the mental health implications of gig work in comparison to unemployment. Some studies suggest that gig workers may experience better mental health than those who are unemployed, potentially due to the income and activity provided by gig work. A study on the mental health and life satisfaction of gig workers found that financial precarity and loneliness play a significant role in the mental health of gig workers. Another study on the psychological contract fulfillment of gig workers explored the relationship between psychological contract fulfillment and task performance, finding that both transactional and relational contract fulfillment can directly and indirectly affect gig workers' task performance. A systematic review on psychosocial risk factors in the gig economy identified several psychosocial risk factors, including work transience, algorithmic management, and digital surveillance, that can negatively impact gig workers' well-being.

In India an emerging gig economy, its growth trends, and the transformation of work in various sectors. It highlights the increasing prominence of gig and platform-based work across sectors such as construction, manufacturing, retail, transportation, logistics, and more. These sectors are projected to generate over 70 million gig jobs in the future. The report classifies gig workers into platform and non-platform workers, discussing their demographic characteristics, including age, education, income levels, and technology usage. The study also provides insights into the geographical distribution of gig workers, noting that gig work is primarily urban, though it is gradually expanding into Tier 2 and Tier 3 cities. Over the period from 2011-12 to 2019-20, gig workers grew significantly, with the share of gig workers in the total workforce rising from 0.54% to 1.33%. Despite the growth in the gig sector, informal work continues to prevail, both within the organised and unorganised sectors, with gig work contributing to the informalisation of the labour market.

This study analyses the influence of travel cost on transport mode choice by commuters from urban and rural areas. The main objective is to understand how travel costs affect people's transport choices. This research used both primary and secondary data. Questionnaires and interviews were used to collect information that revealed travelers’ preferences, income levels and availability of transport modes. Various statistical techniques were used to analyses the data. The results showed that commuters from urban areas prioritise time and convenience, while cost and availability are more important for commuters from rural areas. This difference shows how location affects transport choices. This research can help policymakers design more convenient and affordable transport systems to ensure the satisfaction of all commuters.

The rapid advancement of digital payment platforms has revolutionized the e-commerce industry, significantly influencing economic growth, especially in metropolitan cities like Mumbai. With the increasing adoption of UPI, mobile wallets, and blockchain-based transactions, digital payments have enhanced financial inclusion, improved transaction efficiency, and fostered small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Additionally, these platforms have become the backbone of the gig economy, enabling seamless financial transactions for freelancers, delivery partners, and digital service providers in Mumbai. The gig economy in Mumbai has witnessed substantial growth due to the ease of digital transactions, allowing instant payments, flexible work opportunities, and wider market reach. From ride-hailing and food delivery services to freelance digital work, e-payment systems have empowered workers by reducing cash dependency and increasing financial security. However, challenges such as cybersecurity risks, transaction failures, and regulatory concerns persist. The study highlights both the positive and negative impacts of digital payment adoption on Mumbai’s gig workforce. As Mumbai continues to evolve into a smart financial hub, understanding the role of digital transactions in e-commerce and gig work is crucial for sustainable economic growth. Keywords: Digital Payment Platforms, E-Commerce, Gig Economy, Mumbai Economy, UPI, Financial Inclusion, Fintech,

The ride-hailing industry has dramatically transformed urban transportation, with companies like Uber and Ola leading this change. This paper provides a comparative study of these two global and Indian ride-hailing giants, analyzing their business models, market strategies, technological innovations, and competitive positioning. A particular focus is placed on the gig economy, a growing labor market where short-term, flexible jobs are prevalent, and how both Uber and Ola rely on gig workers to fuel their business operations. By examining the gig economy’s role in the ride-hailing sector, the paper highlights how it influences labor relations, operational efficiency, and profitability for both companies. The research uses secondary data sources and qualitative analysis, and the findings conclude that while Uber enjoys global dominance, Ola has capitalized on regional expertise and gig labor strategies to create a competitive advantage in India.

The ride-hailing industry has dramatically transformed urban transportation, with companies like Uber and Ola leading this change. This paper provides a comparative study of these two global and Indian ride-hailing giants, analyzing their business models, market strategies, technological innovations, and competitive positioning. A particular focus is placed on the gig economy, a growing labor market where short-term, flexible jobs are prevalent, and how both Uber and Ola rely on gig workers to fuel their business operations. By examining the gig economy’s role in the ride-hailing sector, the paper highlights how it influences labor relations, operational efficiency, and profitability for both companies. The research uses secondary data sources and qualitative analysis, and the findings conclude that while Uber enjoys global dominance, Ola has capitalized on regional expertise and gig labor strategies to create a competitive advantage in India.

Food delivery services are among the many businesses that have seen considerable change as a result of the gig economy, which is defined by temporary, flexible labor arrangements. By analyzing the financial affects of food delivery apps (like Uber Eats, DoorDash, and Grubhub) on household budgets, this study investigates the relationship between the gig economy and household spending patterns. This study attempts to comprehend the effects of these platforms on household food-related expenses, income distribution, and wider economic results by concentrating on gig worker revenue generation and consumer spending behavior. The results imply that whereas meal delivery apps give gig workers flexibility and extra cash, they also raise consumer food expenditures, which can differ depending on regional and income levels.

The gig economy is defined by its reliance on flexible, short-term labor contracts, which helps to grow the banking sector as well as other industries. In order to improve the client experience, we will examine how the banking sector's digital transformation may take use of the gig economy. This has mostly concentrated on the Indian context, particularly Mumbai and Maharashtra. This study examines the potential and difficulties of this new working model and offers research findings on how banks can improve service delivery to better meet the changing requirements of their clients in the digital age.

The rise of the gig economy has redefined work by offering flexible, on-demand opportunities across various sectors. While this model provides autonomy and income generation avenues, it also poses challenges to the long-term career sustainability of gig workers. This study explores the critical factors that affect gig workers’ ability to sustain their careers over time. Relying on secondary data and industry-based case studies—including the notable efforts of Salauddin Shaikh, who pioneered unionization for gig workers—the research examines the impact of technological tools, income fluctuations, skill levels, and industry differences. The study further assesses how these elements influence job stability, career growth, and economic resilience. Based on the findings, the research offers constructive recommendations at three levels: industry, government, and individual. Key suggestions include implementing fair wage policies, expanding access to social protection, promoting digital upskilling, ensuring legal safeguards, and encouraging self-driven financial planning. The study underscores the importance of a collaborative and well-regulated approach to ensure that the gig economy evolves into a more equitable, secure, and sustainable employment ecosystem.

This research report explores the key industries dominated by the gig economy, highlighting its impact on ride-hailing, delivery services, freelance platforms, creative services, technology, healthcare, education, professional services, retail, logistics, and event management. The objective is to analyze how gig-based employment is reshaping traditional workforce structures, offering flexibility but also presenting challenges. The methodology involves an extensive review of industry reports, academic publications, and insights from alumni groups. Key findings reveal that gig work is rapidly expanding, providing companies with cost-efficient, on-demand talent while enabling workers to access flexible income streams. However, the research also identifies challenges such as income instability, lack of benefits, and job insecurity. The implications indicate a growing need for regulatory frameworks to protect gig workers’ rights and promote sustainable industry practices. As the gig economy continues to evolve, its influence on business models and workforce strategies is expected to intensify, necessitating adaptive policies and innovative platform solutions.

The gig economy has reshaped labor markets globally, offering flexibility but raising concerns over worker rights and social security. In India, gig workers have historically existed in a legal grey area, classified as independent contractors rather than employees, thereby lacking access to minimum wages, job security, and social benefits. This study examines the legal recognition of gig workers in India before and after 2020, focusing on the impact of the Code on Social Security, 2020, and subsequent policy developments. A comparative analysis with global regulations, highlights India’s slow implementation and weaker enforcement mechanisms. Despite formal recognition, challenges such as corporate resistance, lack of enforcement, and absence of collective bargaining persist. This research, based on secondary data, underscores the need for stronger regulatory oversight, clearer worker classification rules, and improved social security measures to ensure fair working conditions for gig workers in India.

The gig economy has transformed the work culture, offering flexibility and autonomy to workers. However, this flexibility comes at the cost of job security, benefits, and workers' rights. This study explores the impact of labor flexibility and insecurity on gig economy workers, examining the tensions between flexibility and security. A mixed-methods approach combining survey data from 51 gig economy workers reveals that workers value flexibility but experience high levels of insecurity, income uncertainty, lack of benefits, and limited access to social protections. Study highlights the need for policymakers to bring solution; the challenges faced by gig economy workers and ensure that flexibility is balanced with security and protections. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the gig economy's impact on workers and inform policy debates on labor rights and social protections.

The gig economy has changed labour dynamics by providing flexibility and new earning opportunities. As technology advances, the gig economy will evolve, creating both benefits and challenges for individuals, firms, and policymakers. However, it raises questions about wage stability, benefits, and job security. In India, the gig economy has risen significantly, particularly among young people and has emerged as an important component of the job market. This study seeks to shed light on its long-term viability as a career option for India's youth. This study also looks at its emergence as a new employment pattern, as well as the issues it brings. The study uses secondary data from papers and studies to determine whether gig labour is a feasible long-term job or a transitory choice. The findings show that, while it promotes independence, it lacks stability, especially for women and low-skilled workers.

The gig economy in India has surged in prominence, influencing diverse sectors, including sports and physical education. This paper investigates the evolving relationship between the sports and physical education department and the gig economy, analysing its historical roots, current dynamics, and future potential. Through a mixed-method approach, it explores the rise of gig-based roles such as sports coaching and fitness training, highlighting opportunities like flexibility and scalability alongside challenges such as income instability and job insecurity. The study integrates historical context, quantitative data, and qualitative insights to offer a comprehensive perspective on this intersection.

The entrepreneurial ecosystem has been profoundly revolutionized by social media’s rise, Opening up new paths for expanding businesses and market reach. In India, women entrepreneurs in rural areas encounter various challenges, such as restricted access to financial resources, lack of formal business training, and socio-cultural constraints. Nonetheless, social- media platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, and WhatsApp have emerged as valuable solutions for overcoming such hurdles, enabling women to connect with customers, promote their products, and expand their businesses. Social-media’s effect on rural women entrepreneurs is explored throughout this article, with both opportunities and challenges being highlighted.

The gig economy refers to a labour market characterized by short-term, and flexible jobs often facilitated through digital platforms. It involves individuals or companies offering services on a temporary or task-by-task basis, rather than through traditional full-time employment contracts. In the gig economy, gig Workers (also known as independent contractors or freelancers) are paid for each task or gig they complete. Popular gig economy activities include freelance work, food delivery services, and freelance digital work.