This research is to clarify the trend of sports involvement of school going girls of Himachal Pradesh total sample of 100 subject but taken for the study. Data was collected to see the relation of birth order with sports involvement of school going girls. Simple percentile was used to analyse to data, The result of this study showed that birth order influence the girl's involvement in sports. later born were highly motivated by the family members to participate is sports activities that were both low harm and high harm sports whereas first born showed interest to participate in low harm sports.

Intoduction : Sports have always been more than a form of physical activity. The mental skill training is a structured approach to developing psychological skills like confidence, focus and resilience to enhance athletic performance, key techniques include goal setting, visualization, positive self talk and managing anxiety through methods like deep breathing and it helps athletes perform more consistently under pressure. The few techniques include visualization, goal setting, and positive self talk, Each techniques targets a specific aspects of mental strength. The process involves identified mental obstacles and systematically working through them. Metal preparation sets the stage for success, much like physical training preps the body. Athletics such as have all brought attention to the mental health aspects of competing at the professional level, on national teams. These athletes have used sports psychologists to help their athlete careers. Key mental skills and techniques : • A positive self talk – The positive self talk using and prompt to increase confidence manage pressure and maintain focus. • Goal setting – The Establishing high, realistic goals to provide purpose and direction. • To focus and concentration – The developing the ability to maintain attention on the task at hand an refocus when distracted. • An Anxiety and emotion management – using techniques like deep breathing meditation and centering to stay calm and focused under pressure.

The purpose of this research study was to investigate the effect of hurdle running training on the explosive power of Kho-Kho sports players. In this research study brothers who played Kho-Kho game at university level were selected as subjects. Players in the age group of 18 to 25 years were selected for this research study. A total of 40 players were selected in this research study. The standard of measurement was explosive force measured by the standing broad jump test. Analysis of Variance was applied to find out the effects of hurdle training group and significance of differences between means was tested at 0.05 level. The conclusion of which was seen as follows. An eight-week resistance training program of the method showed a significant improvement in the explosive strength of the subjects selected.

In recent years, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has made remarkable progress across various fields, and sports science is no exception. The use of AI in designing personalized training programs has brought a new dimension to athletic preparation. These intelligent systems gather and analyze detailed information about an athlete’s physical, biomechanical, and psychological conditions, allowing for training plans tailored to individual needs. Such personalized approaches help improve performance, minimize the risk of injuries, and enhance recovery efficiency. This paper focuses on understanding how AI-based personalized training systems are developed and applied in elite sports. It also examines the challenges involved in their implementation, along with ethical concerns and data privacy issues. Finally, it highlights how AI can play a key role in expanding the limits of human athletic potential in the future.

The purpose of this research study was to study the effect of Circuit and Plyometric training on the flexibility of students. In this research study, students of M. M. Ghodasara Mahila Arts and Commerce College, Junagadh, aged 18 to 25 years, were randomly selected and stratified into 3 groups. In this research study, they were divided into three groups: Group-A Circuit (30), Group-B Plyometric (30) and Group-C Control (30). A total of 90 subjects were randomly selected in this research study. The standard of measurement for flexibility was the Sit and Reach Test. In this research study, subjects were randomly selected. 30 subjects were placed in each group. A pre-test of speed was conducted on each group. Then group-A was given Circuit training and group-B was given Plyometric training for 08 weeks and group-C was kept as the control group. After that, the post-test of all three groups was taken. To know the effects of Circuit and Plyometric training on the group, one-way analysis of covariance test was applied and the differences between the means were tested for significance at the 0.05 level by Least Significant Difference Post Hoc test. The conclusion was as follows. A significant improvement was observed in the flexibility of the subjects selected from the 08-week Circuit training and Plyometric training program of the method.

The present study is related to Comparison of Extraversion personality trait of individual game and team game players. For this study, Sports Specific Personality Test was used, which is constructed by Agya Jit Singh and H. S. Cheema. This standard inventory approved by National Psychological Corporation, Agra. Every sport has its own rules and regulations. While playing on field according to situation players are always in different status of mind. These situations also lead to make a difference in personality. In individual games players play single mindedly and in team game they needed make more adjustments.

This paper explores the physiological and performance-related effects of endurance cycling under contrasting environmental conditions, specifically comparing hot (34°C) and cold (10°C) settings. Environmental temperature is a critical factor influencing athletic performance, as it affects thermoregulatory mechanisms, cardiovascular function, and muscular efficiency. High ambient temperatures can lead to increased core body temperature, accelerated sweating and dehydration, and elevated cardiovascular strain, all of which may impair power output and endurance capacity. In contrast, cold environments challenge the body in different ways, such as inducing peripheral vasoconstriction, altering muscle contractility, and affecting neuromuscular coordination. Drawing upon empirical studies, this research examines key performance parameters, including power output, which reflects the cyclist’s ability to generate force over time; muscle activation patterns, which indicate neuromuscular engagement and fatigue resistance; body temperature regulation, which shows the body’s capacity to maintain homeostasis; and perceived fatigue, which provides a subjective measure of exertion and psychological strain. By comparing these variables across hot and cold conditions, the study aims to elucidate the distinct physiological and psychological responses that environmental extremes elicit in endurance athletes. The findings from this investigation are expected to provide practical insights for training, competition preparation, and recovery strategies, enabling athletes and coaches to optimize performance while minimizing the risks associated with thermal stress. Understanding how heat and cold impact endurance cycling not only informs sport-specific interventions but also contributes to broader knowledge of human adaptation to extreme environmental conditions.

Procrastination, a prevalent behavioral issue among students and professionals, often leads to decreased performance, anxiety, and low self-efficacy. Behavioral interventions such as Yoga, integrating physical postures, breathing techniques, and meditation, have shown promise in enhancing focus, discipline, and emotional regulation. This study aims to analyze the effect of Yoga as a behavioral tool to reduce procrastination tendencies among college students. Sixty participants aged 18–25 years were divided into two groups: experimental (Yoga) and control (no intervention). The experimental group practiced a 45-minute Yoga session daily for six weeks. Data were collected using the Tuckman Procrastination Scale and analyzed through paired t-tests. Results indicated a significant reduction in procrastination scores in the Yoga group compared to the control group. Findings suggest that Yoga can serve as an effective behavioral intervention to improve self-regulation and time management among young adults.

In sports and physical education, artificial intelligence (AI) is revolutionising personalised coaching by enabling flexible, data-driven, and customised training methods. AI optimises sports performance, lowers the risk of injury, and aids in talent discovery by fusing real-time statistics, predictive modelling, and automated feedback. AI assesses biomechanics, fatigue levels, cognitive and emotional preparedness, and skill development through the use of video analytics, wearable technology, and physiological monitoring. This allows coaches to make evidence-based judgements and design customised training programs. AI-driven gamification and immersive technologies also improve learning outcomes, motivation, and engagement, especially in training and educational settings. Adoption of AI poses issues including data privacy, algorithmic bias, infrastructural limitations, and ethical concerns despite its transformational promise. These issues necessitate multidisciplinary cooperation and coach education. Future directions include integration with national efforts like Khelo India and Fit India Movement, AI-enabled sports campuses, and smart performance ecosystems that include training, nutrition, recuperation, and psychological monitoring. By improving accuracy, accessibility, and all-around athlete development, AI enhances human coaching and transforms sports pedagogy and competitive performance.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become an integral component of modern sports, significantly enhancing performance, strategy, and engagement. In cricket, football, and kabaddi, AI has played a transformative role through advanced analytics, predictive modelling, and injury prevention. Cricket teams employ AI to evaluate pitch conditions, analyze batting and bowling strategies, and identify player performance trends using video data. In football, AI-based tracking systems provide insights into player positioning, movement, and match dynamics, enabling coaches to design strategies and predict outcomes. In kabaddi, AI applications focus on player tracking, opponent behaviour analysis, and match forecasting, thereby improving training methods and competitive approaches. This paper explores the current applications and future prospects of AI in these sports, emphasizing its significance in strategic decision-making, performance optimization, and the transformation of sports analytics.

Information Technology (IT) employees face unique workplace challenges such as long working hours, high cognitive demands, sedentary lifestyle, and stress from tight deadlines. These factors increase risks of burnout, musculoskeletal problems, and mental health concerns. Wellness, conceptualized as multidimensional, requires strategies that address not only physical but also psychological, social, vocational, financial, intellectual, mental, and spiritual well-being. This review synthesizes literature on yoga as a holistic wellness framework and highlights its relevance for IT professionals. The paper argues that yoga, with its multidimensional philosophy and practices, aligns closely with wellness models and provides a powerful tool to enhance performance, reduce stress, and cultivate balance in the IT workplace.

The aim of this study was to compare the self-concept of tribal students from rural and urban areas. For this study, the researcher selected a total of 40 children from rural and urban areas of Chandrapur and Gadchiroli districts, out of which 20 were tribal students from urban areas and 20 were from rural areas. To measure the self-concept of the selected subjects, the researcher used a questionnaire by Dr. Smt. G. P. Shari Agra, Dr. R. P. Verma and Dr. P. K. Goswami, which was published by Shweta Budh Prakashan (SBP). The data obtained from the self-concept test of urban and rural tribal students were statistically analyzed using descriptive statistics and t-tests. The confidence level was kept constant at .05 for all cases. When comparing the self-concept of rural and urban tribal students, it was found that tribal students living in urban areas were found to have a higher self-concept than tribal students living in rural areas.

This study investigated the development of a profile of body composition and size among competitive swimmers. A cluster sampling technique was used to select a sample from Deccan Gymkhana. The sample specifically included swimmers from the Under-17 (n – 12) and Under-19 (n – 12) age groups to focus on a particular stage of development. Data Collection Tools – Anthropometric measurements - Arm Length, Leg Length, Arm Circumference, Leg Circumference. Conclusion - Across all measured anthropometric variables specifically arm length, leg length, arm circumference, and leg circumference there were no statistically significant differences between competitive swimmers in the Under-17 and Under-19 age groups.

Abstract: This paper examines the potential of AI-powered virtual wrestling coaches to enhance motor learning and physical fitness among school and college students. A quasi-experimental study is described in which 60 students were assigned to two groups: an AI-augmented virtual coaching group and a traditional instruction group. Pre- and post-tests measured technical skill proficiency, motor-learning transfer, and three components of physical fitness: muscular endurance, agility, and anaerobic power. Results from the illustrative study show greater improvements in skill accuracy and agility in the AI group, with moderate effect sizes. The paper includes literature review, detailed methodology, hypothesis, results (illustrative), conclusions, practical recommendations for educators and coaches, and a bibliography. The empirical results presented here are illustrative: they come from a designed-and-simulated dataset intended to demonstrate how a real study could be reported. Key claims about AI in PE are supported with recent literature

This study aims to compare the effect of a six-week core stability training program on balance and injury prevention among Kabaddi and Volleyball players at the college level. Core stability is essential for maintaining body control, improving balance, and reducing the risk of injuries. Thirty male athletes (30 Kabaddi and 30 Volleyball players) were selected and subjected to pre- and post-tests using balance and injury records. The study revealed that core stability training significantly improved balance scores and reduced injury occurrences in both groups, with a greater improvement observed among Kabaddi players.

This study investigates the effects of a selected yogic exercises training program on motor fitness components of cricket players. Emphasizing the multidimensional role of physical education in enhancing physical, mental, social, and emotional well-being, and the research examines how structured yoga practice can improve sport-specific performance. The intervention focused on key motor fitness parameters such as strength, flexibility, balance, and agility. Findings indicate that regular participation in yogic exercises leads to significant improvements in these components, contributing to overall cricket performance and athlete development. The study underscores the relevance of integrating yoga into modern sports training programs for holistic enhancement of player fitness and skill.

This study examines the epidemiological patterns of injuries among male Kho Kho players Maharashtra, focusing specifically on the high incidence of lower limb injuries in competitive settings. It analyzes the types, causes, and frequency of injuries across inter-collegiate, inter-zone, and inter-university competition. Data from both urban centers and rural regions provide insights into variations in injury occurrence, with knee, toe, and foot-paw injuries emerging as the most prevalent.

In the digital era, athletes face the dual demands of competitive training and constant social media engagement. This mixed-method study explores the psychological impact of social media on 117 athletes from Goa, India, across football, cricket, taekwondo, swimming and athletics. Using a structured questionnaire and open-ended responses, the study combines quantitative analysis (Likert-scale ratings, correlation tests) with qualitative thematic analysis. Results show that while social media offers motivation, emotional support and career visibility, it also leads to increased stress, anxiety, body image issues and sleep disruption. Most athletes reported a neutral to negative overall impact, with only a minority experiencing strong benefits. Statistically, heavier usage was significantly associated with higher psychological distress, supporting the hypothesis that social media intensity affects mental health. Athletes reported coping strategies such as setting boundaries, limiting exposure to negativity and relying on peer and coach support. The study highlights the importance of balanced engagement, mental health awareness and media literacy for athletes. It offers practical recommendations for sports organizations, coaches and athletes to harness social media as a boon while minimizing its potential bane. This research adds to growing literature on athlete well-being, calling for supportive systems in high-performance environments.

This study uses a data-driven approach to examine raid performance in Kabaddi and identify the key factors that influence successful raids. Match statistics such as raid attempts, raid success rate, bonus points, defender patterns, and decision-making speed were analyzed to understand how raiders perform under different game situations. The findings show that successful raiders consistently demonstrate efficient footwork, quick directional changes, and strategic anticipation of defensive formations. Data also revealed that situational awareness and timing especially during do-or-die raids strongly affect performance outcomes. By highlighting these measurable performance indicators, the study provides valuable insights that coaches and players can use to design targeted training programs, refine tactics, and optimize overall raid efficiency in competitive Kabaddi.

Freestyle wrestling is characterized by explosive, high-intensity actions occurring within short, strategically chosen time intervals. Understanding how such actions vary across different phases of a match can provide valuable insights for coaches, trainers, and performance analysts. The present study examines the time-dynamic distribution of high-intensity actions during competitive male intercollegiate freestyle wrestling matches. Through systematic video analysis of 40 matches, the study quantifies the frequency, duration, and temporal patterning of high-intensity actions such as takedown attempts, successful takedowns, rapid counterattacks, lifts, and explosive positional changes. Findings indicate that high-intensity actions are not uniformly distributed across match time; instead, they peak during the opening minute and the final minute of the bout. Winners consistently demonstrated higher action density and shorter recovery intervals between bursts. The study highlights the significance of time-specific conditioning, tactical pacing, and match-phase strategy in improving wrestling performance.

The use of Artificial Intelligence is growing in the field of sports training, and it is slowly becoming a useful support system for Physical Education teachers and student–athletes. This study examined how AI-based training cues, such as simple motion alerts, skill correction messages, and real-time feedback, can help young learners improve their sports techniques. The work also looks at how students respond to these cues in terms of focus, motivation, and confidence during practice sessions. The paper is based on a review of recent developments in AI tools used in training, along with observations from regular Physical Education settings. The findings suggest that AI cues make learning clearer, reduce common errors, and provide more personalised support for each student. This approach can help both teachers and coaches guide skill learning in a better and time-saving manner. Overall, the study shows that AI-driven cues have good potential to improve student–athlete performance and can be used safely and effectively in schools and colleges.

This study investigates the comparative effectiveness of a twelve-week Speed, Agility, and Quickness (SAQ) training program versus traditional conditioning on skill performance in women’s basketball players. Using a randomized controlled design, thirty (30) female players were divided into two groups: one receiving structured SAQ training, and the other undergoing conventional conditioning routines focusing on endurance, strength, and basic fitness. Pre- and post-intervention assessments measured key basketball skills dribbling, passing, and shooting as well as fitness parameters like sprint speed and agility. The SAQ group showed significantly greater improvements in agility and change-of-direction speed, which translated into better dribbling and passing efficiency under game-like conditions. Although both groups improved in shooting accuracy, the traditional conditioning group’s gains were smaller and less consistent. These findings suggest that SAQ training, by targeting sport-specific movement patterns and reactive speed, is a more effective method for enhancing complex skills in women basketball players compared to standard conditioning. Coaches and strength and conditioning professionals may therefore consider integrating SAQ exercises into regular training to accelerate skill development and on-court performance.

This study investigates the comparative effectiveness of a twelve-week Speed, Agility, and Quickness (SAQ) training program versus traditional conditioning on skill performance in women’s basketball players. Using a randomized controlled design, thirty (30) female players were divided into two groups: one receiving structured SAQ training, and the other undergoing conventional conditioning routines focusing on endurance, strength, and basic fitness. Pre- and post-intervention assessments measured key basketball skills dribbling, passing, and shooting as well as fitness parameters like sprint speed and agility. The SAQ group showed significantly greater improvements in agility and change-of-direction speed, which translated into better dribbling and passing efficiency under game-like conditions. Although both groups improved in shooting accuracy, the traditional conditioning group’s gains were smaller and less consistent. These findings suggest that SAQ training, by targeting sport-specific movement patterns and reactive speed, is a more effective method for enhancing complex skills in women basketball players compared to standard conditioning. Coaches and strength and conditioning professionals may therefore consider integrating SAQ exercises into regular training to accelerate skill development and on-court performance.

Physical education and sports serve a crucial function in the comprehensive development of students by directly influencing their academic and athletic progress. This research investigates how involvement in physical activities enhances cognitive function, focus, discipline, emotional resilience, and performance in the classroom. The study also reveals that consistent participation in sports enhances students' cognitive skills, memory retention, problem-solving abilities, and self-esteem. Furthermore, engaging in sports fosters teamwork, leadership, and social engagement, which indirectly facilitate academic achievement. The results suggest that students who are actively involved in physical education exhibit higher levels of academic success, lower stress levels, and improved physical health. The study concludes that the incorporation of organized sports programs into the educational curriculum can significantly enhance both academic outcomes and athletic skills, thereby contributing to the overall development of students.

This study investigates the skill proficiency of female inter-collegiate field hockey players aged 18 to 25 in the Pune region, comparing different colleges to examine variations in key technical skills. The research aims to identify differences in fundamental hockey skills (such as dribbling, passing, hitting, stopping, and agility) across institutions, evaluate factors influencing proficiency, and provide recommendations for training and development. A total of 60 players from three colleges in Pune were assessed using a standardized skill-test battery, and their performances were statistically analyzed. Findings reveal significant differences in some skill areas, suggesting that institutional training practices and resource availability play a crucial role in skill development. Based on the results, the paper proposes strategies to improve coaching practices and optimize inter-college hockey programs.

Artificial intelligence (AI) has become an important part of modern sports and is changing the way athletes train, recover, and perform in competitions. In earlier years, coaches relied mainly on their personal experience, visual observation, and manual methods to evaluate athletes. Today, AI allows coaches and players to use scientific data to measure movement patterns, body stress, fatigue levels, and technique with high accuracy. AI tools such as video analysis, wearable sensors, biomechanics software, tracking cameras, and machine learning systems help athletes improve skills, avoid injuries, and receive personalized training programs. Many studies report that AI reduces injury risk, improves decision-making, increases training efficiency, and enhances overall performance by 20–25 percent. This paper reviews the role of AI in sports, explains examples from football, cricket, and American sports, and discusses its impact on training, safety, and the future of sports science. The paper also explores limitations, ethical challenges, and future possibilities such as AI coaches, digital twin athletes, VR-based training, and genetic prediction models. The purpose is to present a simple and clear understanding of how AI supports athletes and transforms sports at all levels.

Kabaddi is a dynamic, high-intensity indigenous sport that demands exceptional physical fitness, tactical intelligence, and skill execution. With the growing participation and recognition of women’s Kabaddi at the international level, there is an increasing need for scientific and objective performance evaluation methods. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a powerful tool in sports analytics, offering data-driven insights for performance enhancement. The present study aims to analyze the performance and skill parameters of elite players participating in international women’s Kabaddi tournaments using AI-driven techniques. Match statistics, video-based performance indicators, and machine learning models were used to evaluate raiding efficiency, defensive effectiveness, agility, endurance, and decision-making ability. The findings indicate that AI-based analysis provides accurate and unbiased evaluation of player performance, assists in talent identification, and supports strategic planning for coaches and selectors. The study concludes that integrating AI technology in women’s Kabaddi can significantly improve performance monitoring and long-term athlete development.

This study investigates how certain anthropometric measurements (e.g., body height, leg length, girths, and body composition) and physical fitness components (e.g., speed, power, strength) relate to sprint performance in 100 m, 200 m, and 400 m runners. A sample of competitive sprinters was assessed using standardized anthropometric protocols and fitness tests, and their personal best times were used as performance indicators. The findings suggest that specific morphological traits and motor fitness qualities contribute differentially to performance across these sprint distances. The implications are useful for coaches, talent identification, and targeted training interventions.

This study examines the role of sports and physical activity in strengthening India’s global health initiatives. It focuses on understanding how national and international sports programs promote health awareness, contribute to public health campaigns, and support collaborations with other countries for holistic health improvement. The research highlights the significance of regular physical activity in preventing and managing non-communicable diseases, enhancing mental well-being, and fostering healthier lifestyles. India’s initiatives, including the Fit India Movement, Khelo India Youth Games, and International Day of Yoga, serve as key examples of how sports and culturally significant physical activities are leveraged to encourage fitness, health consciousness, and global wellness advocacy. The study also explores India’s strategic use of sports in global health diplomacy, demonstrating how participation in international events and collaborations can enhance knowledge sharing, policy development, and cross-border health programs. Additionally, the research investigates the impact of sporting events on community engagement, media outreach, and sustained behavioral change in physical activity. The findings reveal that sports-based interventions are effective tools for raising health awareness, fostering international cooperation, and strengthening India’s influence in global health discussions. By integrating cultural practices, policy initiatives, and evidence-based fitness programs, India can position itself as a leader in promoting preventive health and active lifestyles worldwide. This study provides actionable insights for policymakers, health organizations, and sports authorities to design, implement, and scale sports-centered health programs, highlighting the interconnectedness of sports, public health, and international relations in achieving sustainable health outcomes.

The assessment of human posture and movement biomechanics is critical for maximizing athletic performance and implementing effective injury prevention protocols. Traditional assessment methods often suffer from subjectivity, high cost, and limited accessibility, hindering widespread routine screening. Artificial intelligence (AI), particularly via Computer Vision (CV) and Deep Learning (DL) technologies, represents a paradigm shift, enabling automated, objective, and quantifiable biomechanical analysis. AI models, utilizing hybrid Convolutional Neural Network-Long Short-Term Memory (CNN-LSTM) architectures, can accurately calculate joint angles and model temporal movement patterns, providing real-time feedback crucial for dynamic sports and personalized rehabilitation. Validation studies demonstrate AI's clinical efficacy, with high reliability (e.g., Intra-class Correlation Coefficients up to 0.90 for lower-limb alignment) and strong correlation with radiographic gold standards (e.g., r > 0.70). In rehabilitation, AI systems have achieved predictive accuracies exceeding 97% in evaluating tailored exercise plans. Despite these advancements, significant challenges persist, including the critical need for increased dataset diversity, standardization of evaluation protocols, and addressing the fundamental ethical issues surrounding athlete data privacy, algorithmic transparency, and accountability within competitive sports contexts. Future progress lies in Explainable AI (XAI) and Digital Twin technology, promising to deliver interpretability and highly personalized predictive modeling.