The purpose of this research is to examine the effect of a flexibility training program for Karate players aged 14 to 16 years. A 12-week training program was implemented on 80 Karate players from Pimpri-Chinchwad city. Pre-test and post-test measurements were taken to assess flexibility there is Sit and Reach Test, Shoulder Stretch Test, Groin Flexibility Test, Trunk Rotation Test. According to the results, flexibility increased by 25%, which led to an improvement in the players' performance. This research highlights the importance of flexibility in Karate training.

Handball goalkeepers are required to perform explosive, reactive, and highly coordinated movements under intense match pressure. Despite these unique demands, many inter-collegiate teams follow general conditioning routines rather than goalkeeper-specific training. This study examined the effect of an eight-week strength and conditioning (S&C) program on the performance of inter-collegiate handball goalkeepers aged 17 to 25 years. The intervention targeted lower-body power, core stability, agility, shoulder strength, and reactive movement patterns. Physical performance was assessed using vertical jump height, change-of-direction tests, core endurance holds, and shoulder strength measurements. Technical performance was evaluated through a standardized reaction-time save test, while psychological readiness was measured using a self-report scale. Results revealed significant improvements in explosive power, lateral movement speed, trunk stability, and reactive save accuracy. Participants also reported higher confidence and perceived readiness. Overall, the findings suggest that a structured S&C program can substantially enhance the performance of young collegiate handball goalkeepers and should be integrated into regular training practices.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly advancing sports injury prevention and rehabilitation by enabling personalized, predictive, and more effective healthcare strategies. This paper reviews the emerging applications of AI-driven technologies in sports medicine, including machine learning, wearable sensors, and advanced data analytics that help anticipate injury risks, support early diagnosis, and guide individualized rehabilitation programs. Findings suggest that AI can improve predictive accuracy, reduce recovery time, and enhance athlete performance through precise, data-driven interventions. Despite these advancements, challenges persist regarding data privacy, technological integration, and the transparency of algorithmic decision-making. Future growth will require strong multidisciplinary collaboration and validated ethical systems to promote equitable access to AI-powered sports healthcare across all levels of sport.

The present study examined the influence of social media use on mental health and psychological well-being by comparing social media users and non-users among college students. The research was conducted in Chhatrapati Sambhaji Nagar District, Maharashtra, India. A total of 60 college students aged 18–25 years participated, comprising 40 active social media users and 20 non-users. Participants were selected through simple random sampling. Levels of depression and psychological well-being were assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II; Beck et al., 1996) and Ryff’s Psychological Well-Being Scale (PWBS; Ryff, 1989), respectively. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (means and standard deviations) and independent-samples t-tests. Results indicated that social media users exhibited significantly higher depression scores than non-users. Conversely, non-users reported significantly higher levels of psychological well-being compared to their user counterparts. These findings suggest that social media engagement may be associated with poorer mental health outcomes and reduced eudaimonic well-being in this college student population.

A Physical Education (PE) teacher plays a crucial role in the implementation of physical activity(PA) at the school level in Kannur City. They are responsible for creating and implementing a physical education curriculum that emphasizes the importance of regular physical activity, healthy living, and sports participation. The research paper aims to understand the role of Physical Education (PE) teachers in promoting sports and physical activity at the school level in Kannur city. The study will include a sample of PE teachers from schools across Kannur city and will gather data on their role in promoting physical activity and sports, their training and support, and the barriers and challenges they face. Surveys will also be given to students to gather data on the impact of PE teacher involvement in sports and physical activity on students' physical and mental well-being and academic performance. The study will use quantitative and qualitative methods to collect and analyze data. The research will be conducted following the ethical principles of respect for persons, beneficence, and non-maleficence. Informed consent will be obtained from all participants, and confidentiality and anonymity will be maintained throughout the study.

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into women’s Kabaddi performance has emerged as a transformative development in modern sports science. This study examines the multifaceted role of AI in enhancing tactical efficiency, training optimization, injury prevention, and talent identification among women Kabaddi players. Using secondary data sourced from published research articles, conference proceedings, news reports, and analytical sports platforms, the study highlights how AI-driven systems—such as computer vision, machine learning models, wearable sensors, and predictive analytics—contribute to individualized, data-centric performance enhancement. The findings reveal that AI provides granular spatiotemporal and biomechanical insights, supports gender-specific training interventions, and improves decision-making through advanced tactical analysis. Additionally, AI enhances injury prediction by analyzing multivariate time-series data and integrating physiological variables unique to female athletes, such as hormonal cyclicity. The study concludes that AI-driven methodologies shift women’s Kabaddi from traditional heuristic coaching to a validated, evidence-based, and technologically adaptive framework, enabling sustainable performance improvement and athlete safety.

Emotional intelligence is the ability to recognize one’s own and other people’s emotions (Khan 2011), to discriminate between different feelings and label them appropriately, and to use emotional information to guide thinking and behavior. Emotionally intelligent athletes have the power to be self-motivated and self-directed Players take full responsibility for their own performance and make independent decisions. They are inner-directed with the emotional strength and responsibility to choose their response to the challenge of performing well now a day’s emotional intelligence as an important variable of human psychology which drives an individual and affects his performance in any Concerned field recently players need to identify how emotions influence the way they Evaluate and analyze situations during sports competition Keeping this in mind present study was framed with the purpose to compare the state and national level Weightlifting players on emotional intelligent.

Sports permeate practically all aspects of our lives. Many students are presented with opportunities to learn that are new to them and to their previously learned sports. The primary function of sports is to provide a liberal education and encourage the student in the fullest possible development of his capabilities as a person and as a member of society. The fundamental goal is to make an individual intelligent and emotionally, physically and aesthetically a balanced person. The desire to play is one of the strongest instincts of the human race. It is also an essential urge among the young.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a wonder and a gift of technology to mankind. It is rapidly transforming everything from each field. It is also transforming mental health care by enabling scalable screening, personalized interventions, symptom monitoring, and task automation. AI-driven conversational agents and algorithmic screening tools show promise in expanding access to care and delivering evidence-based interventions such as cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) at scale. However, variable evidence quality, safety concerns (including crisis detection and harm amplification), privacy risks, algorithmic bias, and regulatory gaps present substantial challenges. This paper reviews current applications and evidence, summarizes ethical and regulatory considerations, and proposes recommendations for safe, effective implementation of AI-powered mental health supports. Key recommendations include rigorous clinical assessment, human-in-the-loop designs, transparent reporting, robust privacy safeguards, and regulatory alignment with digital health guidance.

Pre-competition stress involves anticipatory anxiety, fear of failure, and nervous energy, impacting focus and performance with physical symptoms like shaking. The main purpose of this study was find out among pre-competition and post competition triathlon athletes male. To obtain the data the investigators selected total 50 (N= 0) subjects of inter college level triathlon athelets male. For this research first, a test was administered before the start of competition (n=50) and then after the competition (n=50) For this study Prof.A.K.Srivastav Psychological stress scale were used for this study; the age group of 18-25 years. The study was admitted to compare between the group of pre-competition and post competitions triathlon athletes male.It was hypothesized that there would be significant differences psychological stress level among pre-competition and post competitions triathlon athletes male. To analyses the collected dada t-test was employed. The finding of the study indicated that there was significant differences among the group as t(0.05,98)= 2.44

Physical education (PE) plays an important role in Indian higher education in encouraging students' overall development. With the appearance of Digital India and NEP 2020, artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as an outstanding tool for increasing the standard, inclusion, and efficacy of college-level physical education programs. This study explores the use of AI in Indian physical education, focussing on technology such as intelligent coaching systems, automated evaluation tools, and sports education robots. The study uses a descriptive and qualitative research technique based on secondary data to investigate how AI may improve data-driven decision-making, personalise learning, and provide real-time feedback. Budgetary restrictions, teacher readiness, infrastructure shortcomings, and moral quandaries are among the issues it examines. This research study suggests the development of digital infrastructure, capacity-building programs, and rules and regulations to ensure the successful and responsible use of AI. The study suggests that incorporating AI into physical education might foster creativity, diversity, and experiential learning—all of which align with India's objective of technology-driven, all-encompassing, and future-ready education.

Technology plays a transformative role in physical education by enhancing the learning experience, improving student engagement, and facilitating skill development. Wearable devices, in particular, contribute significantly to this transformation by enabling the monitoring, motivation, and personalization of physical activity through technological means. As technology advances, the monitoring and assessment of physical performance have become increasingly sophisticated. Mobile technologies have expanded the range of tools available to physical education professionals, allowing them to evaluate and improve their students’ physical skills effectively. The aim of the present paper is to explore and explain how technology serves as a transformative tool in enhancing various aspects of physical education, including student engagement, teaching methods, curriculum development, and skill acquisition. Examples of such technologies include video analysis software, wearable fitness trackers, physical education apps, and gaming systems. These tools collectively enhance both teaching and learning processes while promoting better health outcomes. It is concluded that the integration of technology in physical education is essential for creating more effective, engaging, and future-ready learning experiences. By incorporating digital tools such as fitness trackers, interactive apps, and video analysis platforms, educators can deliver personalized instruction, provide real-time feedback, and apply innovative teaching strategies.

Anabolic androgenic steroid (AAS) misuse is common among strength-trained athletes, yet there is no simple, shared explanation linking chemical dose to training-related injury and health risk. This study aimed to present a simple and practical “Dose–Adaptation Imbalance Model” that explains how increasing steroid dose affects muscle growth, body adaptation, and training safety. A cross-sectional analytical approach was used, based on secondary numerical data from published clinical and sports science studies. Reported AAS doses were grouped into low, moderate, and high misuse levels and examined in relation to biochemical changes and training-related outcomes. Higher steroid doses (>600 mg/week) were associated with rapid muscle gains that exceeded the body’s ability to adapt safely. This imbalance was linked to reduced HDL cholesterol (up to 50%), strong suppression of natural testosterone (up to 70%), increased injury risk, and disturbed training continuity. The model shows that steroid-related harm is not accidental but predictable when muscle growth outpaces whole-body adaptation. This simple approach explains dose-related risk without experimental exposure and supports safer decision-making in sports science and training contexts.

Today’s world is highly competitive, and to sustain oneself in such an era, physical fitness is extremely essential. A healthy mind resides in a healthy body, and hence the development of physical fitness is crucial for holistic development. Physical activities play a vital role in achieving this development. Due to advancements in science and technology, life has become more sedentary. As a result, physical education has gained significant importance. The number of students and teachers involved in physical education has risen greatly. Additionally, research in physical fitness has increased. Regular physical exercise improves bodily strength and overall well-being. However, modern lifestyle changes have reduced children’s outdoor activities. Television, computers, mobile phones, and video games have replaced physical play. This situation has contributed to lower fitness levels among children. A structured and scientific physical training programme can help improve children’s physical fitness. Hence, the present research focuses on studying the effect of a specific training programme on hand grip strength among boys aged 14–16 years.

This paper presents a descriptive survey analysis aimed at exploring the movement analysis of Indian indigenous exercises. The study focuses on identifying the muscles engaged during these exercises by actively performing them. The target population of “Maharashtriya Mandal” who engage in regular exercise. Using a purposive sampling technique, individuals with a basic understanding of human anatomy were selected as participants. The study employed descriptive survey methods along with data collection tools such as feedback on muscle (i.e. Checklist), observation to identify the muscles involved in these exercises. By integrating anatomical perspectives, this research aims to provide valuable insights into the biomechanics and physiological effects of traditional Indian exercises.

This study aimed to analyse fundamental movement skills in primary school students. The method used was descriptive, and the sample size was 50. Fundamental movement skill was measured using the Test of Gross Motor Development (TGMD-2) to evaluate their abilities in specific locomotor skills, including the run, jump, and hop tests. The performance criteria for these tests were assessed through direct observation. The data were analysed using the percentage method. The low quality of basic movement in elementary school students stems from the fact that they have not been instructed in multilateral motion. Furthermore, most teachers do not understand the importance of mastering these diverse and fundamental movement skills, which leads them to focus on teaching sports-specific skills in physical education.

In today’s digital age, social media has become an integral part of everyday life. Platforms such as Instagram, Facebook, YouTube, TikTok, and Twitter influence how people communicate, express themselves, and build their identities. In the field of sports, social media has brought a significant transformation by changing how athletes interact with fans, coaches, sponsors, and society. Athletes are no longer recognized only by their performance on the field but also by their online presence.

The purpose of the present study was to determine some psychological variables associated with cycling performance of Indian elite road cyclists. Twenty-one male road cyclists of age (24.49± 2.36) years were selected for this study. Some selected psychological parameters like Intelligence Quotient (IQ) test examines intelligence, perfection, understanding measured by Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices, Emotional Intelligence (EQ) and Emotional stability was measured by Emotional Intelligence Scale by Hyde and Pethe, Focus, speed judgment, reaction time was measured by Vienna Test System (VTS), Schuhfried company and Motivation was measured by test for Motivational (Modified) ASI, Pune. Descriptive and inferential statistical tools were used for data analysis. Pearson’s product moment correlation was used to find out correlation between psychological variables and Individual Time trial (ITT) cycling performance. Some selected anthropometric and body composition parameters were assessed and results as follows; age (24.49±2.36 years), body height (1.74±0.04 cm), body weight (68.05±4.61 kg), BMI (22.49±0.97), body fat % (12.62±1.66) and water % (54.33±1.79). The analysis result revealed that Focus (r = -0.92), EQ (r = -0.81), Motivation (r = -0.78) and Emotional Stability (r = -0.65) were all strongly and negatively correlated with ITT cycling performance, indicating that higher levels of these psychological variables were associated with faster performance times of elite road cyclists at 0.05 significance level of confidence. Intelligence Quotient (IQ) (r = -0.21) showed a weak negative relationship with ITT cycling performance at 0.05 significance level of confidence. Therefore, the results of this study conclude that psychological variables are highly correlated with cycling performance. These results provide specific psychological status of Indian elite road cyclists, which are important for sports psychologists, sports scientists, coaches and cyclists as baseline data to identify talented athletes and prescribe mental skills training for elite cyclists. Further, it is recommended that study could be conducted on large population may contribute some new findings and on different sports events, gender and age groups

From ancient Greece to the present, women have actively competed in sports throughout history. However, women's advancement in sports has faced a number of challenges. Historically, female athletes have faced a number of difficulties, including sexism, discrimination, gender-based stereotypes, and differences in funding and compensation. Despite these obstacles, female athletes continue to overcome obstacles and inspire future generations with their physical strength and undying determination.Despite these obstacles, female athletes continue to overcome obstacles and inspire future generations with their physical strength and undying determination. It is simple to see the surface-level features of this world as a passive observer, get into a long conversation, and then forget or ignore crucial facts. But it's not as simple as accepting, forgiving, and forgetting for women who deal with this on a regular basis. They are constantly fighting to maintain their position in the industry, which they consider to be their natural right and find extremely difficult.

For coaches, organizing effective sports training has always been a very difficult assignment. Accordingly, they must nearly two unique skills: first, extensive prior expertise in sports training; and second, a thorough understanding of their athletes' potential. As mobile and ubiquitous technology have advanced, new approaches to sports training planning have surfaced. One of the most practical features of a typical sports watch these days is a GPS receiver, which allows players to follow the. The key features of standard sports watches allow athletes to monitor the length of their physical activities and later analyze them on digital devices with GPS capabilities. In addition, many sports watches can track an athlete's heart rate while they are active. Both types of measurements provide dependable data that coaches can utilize to plan training sessions. In this paper, we present an innovative intelligent planning technique for sports training sessions, in which the bat algorithm is used to create training programs on digital computers based on trustworthy data gathered from sports watches. Promising outcomes from real-world experiments motivated us to continue this research in the future.