Hydrogeochemical studies are carried out for the groundwater of Madaragally village using a computer technique. The analysed groundwater data is processed using the HYCH program. HYCH is capable of providing the required output using the major ion chemistry data for classifying and identify the suitability of the groundwater for agricultural purposes. The suitability of the groundwater for irrigation is based on water chemistry, facies, mechanism of origin, type, suitability and usage factors such as corrosivity and permeability. The present study revealed that the groundwater is fresh with high salinity and low sodium hazard, belongs to MgHCO3 facies and of both permanent and temporary hardness category. The chief mechanism controlling the chemistry of groundwater of this area is rock interaction. In overall, the quality of the groundwater is good and is suitable for agricultural purposes

The Two Child Norm is one of India's target oriented, family size control policies, which encourages parents to limit their families to two children. The Population Policy draft is aligned with the country's National Population Policy that aims at reducing or stabilising India's population by 2045. The pattern of the Female gender preference regarding the family size/number of children can reveal the role of woman in the family building decision. This study mainly focuses on the relationship between employment gender roles and preference of two children family. This study uses India Human Development Survey-II collected in 2012. The women in the age group 15-45 years are used for the study. Ordered response model is used to analyse the Women Employment and Gender Role on Preference for Two Children Family. Result shows women those are capable to take the decision on cooking, health care utilization have more influence on the decision to have two children. Some socio-demographic factors such as religion, literacy, marital status and number of children etc. also influence the decision making of the woman to prefer two children but further studies controlling for more confounding factors are needed to investigate the same connection more precisely.

Recent research has shown an interest in investigating consumer motivations that affect the online shopping behavior. It is yet to understand what factors influence online shopping decision process. The objective of this study is to provide an overview of online shopping decision process by comparing the offline and online decision making and identifying the factors that motivate online customers to decide or not to decide to buy online. It is found that marketing communication process differs between offline and online consumer decision. Managerial implications are developed for online stores to improve their website.

The concept of review is to revisit the previous work done on a subject to enhance learning and give a deeper insight to the researcher on the current study. The review of literature not only presents the facts but also leads into various issues and future work which can be done to enhance the subject of research. So in this direction this research tries to systematically review important available literature on Agriculture insurance. Since Agriculture insurance is a vital risk tool to mitigate the extreme events in Agriculture cycle of an individual in terms of economic value. This study tries to highlight various elements of Agriculture insurance concept which will benefit to people at large and can also contribute to the insurance sector in terms of growth.

In this paper an attempt has been made to highlight the impact of the increasing trend of online shopping over the various fixed shop retailers. Retailers comprise of a large section of the population and a larger population is dependent upon these retailers. But the advent of e-stores with their attractive incentives and wide varieties has slapped on their face the fear of uncertainty and helplessness. This study looks into the various aspects about how retail businesses are being affected and also the various recovery mechanisms they are coming up with to counter those e-stores in their race of survival. This paper also unravels the effect upon the profitability of the various concerns due to increasing trend for online shopping. Although the periodicity of the study is less yet an effective attempt has been made to enlighten the scenario along with concrete suggestions.

The investigators made an attempt to find out the influence of teachers’ motivational strategies and academic achievement of higher secondary students. The sample for the present study consisted of 600 higher secondary school students studying in Kancheepuram educational district. The investigators used simple random sampling technique to collect the data. For collecting data the investigators used self-made Teachers’ Motivational Strategy Scale and used the marks obtained by the students in the quarterly examinations as Academic Achievement. For analyzing and interpreting data, the investigator has used percentage analysis, standard deviation, mean, t-test and correlation analysis as statistical techniques. The finding shows that there is a significant positive relationship between teacher’s motivational strategy and academic achievement of higher secondary students

Study habit implies a sort of more or less permanent method of studying. The study habit of the individual cover mainly the reading habits, the motivation to learn, memory, time schedule, physical conditions, note taking skills, the style of preparation for the examination, examination writing skill, the use of examination results and the health of the students. (Palsane and Sharma,1989). Study habits play an important role in human performance in academic field (Verma, 1996; Verma & Kumar, 1999; Satapathy & Singhal, 2000; Vyas,2002). Ramamurti (1993) has rightly emphasized that despite possessing good intelligence and personality, the absence of good study habits hampers academic achievement. Studies have shown that training in study habits increases academic achievement. High achievers will have good study habits and consequently good academic achievement (Garrison,1 980; Cuff, 1980; Mokinney,1980; Wagner,1987; Modougle,1999). The author feels that the B Ed students, the prospective teachers should be aware of good study habits and should internalize them as they are to guide the students to develop right study habits. Therefore, the study habit was studied as a correlate of academic achievement of B Ed students. The participants of the study were 1037 students were drawn proportionately from 14 B Ed colleges. The findings reveals that the academic Achievement of B Ed students is influenced by certain dimensions of their study habits such as test-taking skills, note taking skills, analytical thinking and problem solving, vocabulary skills. The results show the need to focus on developing proper study habits among all students in general and student-teachers in particular to enable them to excel academically.

After India signed and ratified the UNCRPD in 2007, the process of enacting a new legislation in place of the Persons with Disabilities Act, 1995 (PWD Act, 1995) began in 2010 to make it compliant with the UNCRPD. After series of consultation meetings and drafting process, the Rights of Person with Disabilities Act, 2016 (RPWD Act, 2016) was passed by both the houses of the Parliament on India. In the Act the list of disabilities has been expanded from 7 to 21 and newly includes cerebral palsy, dwarfism, muscular dystrophy, acid attack victims, hard of hearing, speech and language disability, specific learning disabilities, autism spectrum disorders, chronic neurological disorders such as multiple sclerosis and Parkinson's disease, blood disorders such as haemophilia, thalassemia, and sickle cell anaemia, and multiple disabilities. There are some provisions for right and facilities provide to acid attack victims in the legislations. This paper mainly focuses on acid attack victims under the light of legislation. There is some discrepancy in the RPWD Act like acid attack victims benefited due to disfigured while there are no any comment for a person disfigured due to acid accident, burned by fire or electric shock.

During the past few years, human rights education has been the subject of discussion in different forms throughout the world. The United Nations in general and the UNESCO in particular at the international level and National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) at the national level have spearheaded the movement for the incorporation of human rights in curricula at all stages of education. It is a truism to state that education is an effective instrument to promote observance of human rights because it is through the process of education that respect for human rights can be developed. The present paper describes one of the significant features of the Indian Social Structure in the prevalence of the caste system which is universally identified through its pollution and purity axis. For various reasons, the Hindu Social order permitted the recognition and acceptance of untouchability which is perhaps the greatest crime against crime. Today people in different parts of India are still fighting in the name of caste which really disturbs the entire society. But it doesn’t stop here, the situation even after independence and especially related to Dalits is highly pathetic in the 21st century. Present paper highlights the laws which were made for the protection of Scheduled Caste & Scheduled Tribes people, its awareness, extent of knowledge and sources of awareness of legislations, practice of untouchability. The paper also highlights the administrative measures & misuse of law. The paper suggests few recommendations for the betterment of people of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes and role of education.

The study was conducted in the light of the philosophical framework of inquirybased Environmental education. The aim of the study was to reveal pre-service teachers’ perceptions towards the course they participated, which was designed on the basis of inquiry principle. As part of their research based project, pre-service teachers who had opted for environmental education course were asked to develop lesson plans based on environmental topics targeting middle school SSC board students. Qualitative research methodology was used to analyze the collected data in form of open ended questionnaire after the completion of course. Responses provide evidence of the promise of this approach in helping pre service teachers develop the needed skills and content knowledge to create effective and engaging environmental courses for their students

The focus of the present society is on women empowerment. At that time this study is of utmost relevance as it is studying the adjustment of Adolescent Girls in relation to their Level of Intelligence. The study has been conducted on a sample of 100 Adolescent Girls senior secondary schools of Bahadurgarh city. Random sampling technique was used. The date was analyzed satistically by using mean, s.d. and ‘z’ score. The study reveled that Adolescent Girls with high intelligence are better adjusted as compared to Adolescent Girls with low intelligence in total adjustment and same is the case in emotional adjustment, social adjustment and educational adjustment.

प्रस्तुत शोधपत्र में कामकाजी एवं गैर कामकाजी महिलाओं के बालक एवं बालिकाओं की शैक्षिक उपलब्धि में अंतर का तुलनात्मक का अध्ययन उद्देश्य था। शोधकार्य हेतु सर्वेक्षण विधि का चयन किया गया। न्यादर्श हेतु मण्डला जिले की निवास तहसील की कामकाजी एवं गैर कामकाजी महिलाओं के कक्षा 10 वीं में अध्ययनरत् 60 बालक एवं 60 बालिकाओं कुल 120 विद्यार्थियों का चयन याद्रच्छिक विधि से किया गया। शैक्षिक उपलब्धि ज्ञात करने के लिए उपकरण के रूप में परीक्षा परिणाम (प्राप्ताक) लिया गया । निष्कर्ष रूप में कामकाजी कामकाजी महिलाओं के शासकीय विद्यालयों में अध्ययनरत् कक्षा दसवीं के बालक एवं बालिकाओं की शैक्षिक उपलब्धि में सार्थक अंतर नहीं पाया गया परन्तु गैर कामकाजी महिलाओं के शासकीय विद्यालयों में अध्ययनरत बालक एवं बालिकाओं में शैक्षिक उपलब्धि में अंतर पाया गया

Women entrepreneurs' assume a dangerous part in nearby economies and a huge rate of smaller scale goings-on in creating nations are embraced by women. Country working women much of the time have essential obligation regarding generation, in spite of household obligations and childcare. In creating nation like India where financial status of women is extremely terrible particularly in rustic territories and chances of acquiring are less in this situation the SMEs have made ready for monetary autonomy of country women. The present study plans to comprehend the effect of issue confronted by the women entrepreneurs on their monetary empowerment. 350 women miniaturized scale entrepreneurs from selected Districts of tamilnadu were haphazardly chosen for the study. Scientist utilized very much organized survey for information accumulation and meeting timetable was connected for information gathering system. Current study is distinct in nature. Structural Equation modelling (SEM) was utilized to uncover the relationship between issue confronted by the women entrepreneurs and their monetary Expectation

Crossborder production of goods and services has virtually changed the dimensions of the international economic order. Termed as globalisation the process has resulted into a world where markets as indispensable part of human life are no longer isolated from each other. By making use of the latest technology, at competitive cost goods of high quality are produced as a package of end product. The various components manufactured in one part of the world on account of labour cost advantage are assembled in another part whereas sold somewhere else. As an example, an interconnection can be seen between the iron ore industry of Brazil and steel plate making in Mexico and its close association with the automobile industry of USA or that of Japan.Globalisation has a preference for large units of production controlled from overseas. In such type of giganticism and bigger units of production, capital rules the human beings. They are treated as things and assets rather than living beings, leading to alienation of labour from the product. The process of globalisation is irreversible. We cannot fight it to end. Rather we should not waste our reserve of energy in fighting with the process, we should fight to bring it down to our basic realities. We should use it to provide input to the concept of Swadeshi which means small is beautiful. At the same time Swadeshi also has to widen its horizon to cooperate with the increasing global activities. Then and only then harmonised development is possible. Swadeshi does not leave any scope for coexistence of the poor and the rich or the weak and the strong nations. When taken to higher levels it means that after everyone’s basic needs have been satisfied there should be some overall constraints on material demands so that resources can be diverted towards the fulfilment of man’s non-material needs.

Employment is a crucial aspect in countries like, India where supply of labour is abundant. The economic reforms reduced the role of government in economic activities. Therefore with structural reforms, in public sector the number of employment have been shrinking. The government expected more employment generation in private sector with higher level of participation by private players. But trends are not encouraging in employment generation in organised private sector. Overall reforms have not very effective in employment generation in Indian economy, particularly in organised sectors

The paper focuses on models of teaching used in teaching learning process of visually impaired students. The research question was framed to understand the teaching learning process used by their teacher in classroom teaching. However, investigator prepared the integrated model which is based on inquiry based learning and stress reduction techniques. The integrated model is focused on biological science content. The findings seem to be in accordance with other researches which show that the models of teaching are benefitted for disabled students. Supported the study of Elefant(1980) highlighted the inquiry based learning is useful for deaf students and it can be useful for severe handicapped students. This finding indicates that there is a need for putting emphasis on critical findings with regards to models of teaching in the area of special education and especially for visually impaired students.

The article explores employee volunteering practice under Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) as an emerging phenomenon in Indian organizations. The involvement of employees in community initiatives under CSR may help the organizations to have meaningful engagement with the community as well as an opportunity for optimum utilization of its resources for the intangible benefits. This study is engineering industry specific. Engineering industry which lacks visibility in terms of its product and its operations has harmful effects. The article analyse the growing contour of employee volunteering in the gamut of CSR affairs and further weighs the benefits of employee volunteering from the views of managers. The study found that the organization is comparatively benefitting more in terms of facilitating community initiatives under CSR, and further enhancing employee involvement in terms of contribution for the organizational benefits but showed less importance pertaining to employee attraction or retention and public/customer loyalty.

Depression is a major health problem in India, contributing to significant morbidity, disability as well as mortality, along with significant socioeconomic issues.. About 8% of children and adolescents suffer from depression and 11% of adolescents have a depressive disorder by the age of 18 years according to the National Co-morbidity Survey-Adolescent Supplement. This study has been conducted to estimate the prevalence of depression among adolescents studying in Government and Private schools in Rajouri district of Jammu and Kashmir in order to find out a relationship between family environment, gender and types of institution. The research study was descriptive in nature. 200 adolescent was randomly selected for the study. Beck’s Depression inventory and Family environment scale was administered for the study. The findings of the study revealed that majority of the adolescents have severe level of depression and there is a significant relationship between depression and family environment.

This study investigated the relationship between the Examination Stress and Academic Achievement of higher secondary school students. A total of 314 higher secondary school students of 11 standard were randomly selected from five higher secondary schools of Kancheepuram district. Examination Stress Inventory designed and standardized by Dr. K. Saraladevi(2001) was used as a data collection instrument. Students’ half-yearly examination total scores were taken as the Academic Achievement. Pearson product moment correlation method was used to correlate Examination Stress and Academic Achievement. Findings of the study indicated that the level of Examination Stress and Academic Achievement was moderate and low respectively. A moderate negative correlation between Examination Stress and Academic Achievement was found. There was a significant difference in the Academic Achievement of higher secondary school students with respect to their Examination Stress level. The students with low Examination Stress level were found to have higher Academic Achievement than students with moderate and high Examination Stress level.

Commercial banks play a significant role in helping the economy of a country in realizing its socio-economic goals. The role of commercial banking assumes much importance especially in a developing country like India. Customer satisfaction and service quality are inter-related. The higher the service quality the higher is the customer satisfaction may agree that in the banking sector, there are no recognized standard scales to measure the perceived quality of a bank service. Thus, competitive advantage through high quality service is an increasingly important weapon to survive- service quality has been found to be an important input to customer satisfaction. The banks are spending a lot of time and energy to frame polices about customer satisfaction.

Advertising is a powerful communication force and vital marketing tool helping to sell goods, services, images, and ideas through all of us receive many advertising messages daily. Now it is essential to the success of any type of business and industry. Advertising convince people to buy products. All advertising contains both information and persuasion. Advertiser’s primary objective is to reach Prospective customers and influence their awareness, attitudes and buying behavior. Changing lifestyle andhigher disposable income coupled with boom in the real estate and housing industry and a surge in advertising have been instrumental in bringing about a sea change in the consumer behaviour pattern

Consumer is the person who actually uses a product. Thus, it becomes clear that a buyer need not be a consumer and a consumer also need not necessarily be a buyer. A buyer or a consumer becomes a customer if he regularly buys or consumes a product or service. As the market for consumer products is a highly competitive one, lack of knowledge of the behavior of buyers would enable the competitors to attract the consumer’s attention towards their products. The brand preference of washing soap by the consumers can be satisfied only by offering products that fulfill their desires. The general belief is that good quality products at a reasonable price would positively influence the buyer behavior.

Globalization, Urbanization and Population growth are the main reasons and sole responsible for the ever high increasing rate of solid waste worldwide. Proper management of solid wastes is a major problem of the Municipal Corporation’s and Municipalities. Improper Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) disposal and management causes all types of pollution: air, water and soil. Indiscriminate dumping of solid wastes contaminates surface and ground water supplies. Green house gases are generated from the decomposition of organic wastes in landfills. Uncontrolled burning of MSW and improper incineration contributes significantly to urban Air pollution. The impacts of solid wastes are not only confined to environment but also affects human health. Insect and rodent vectors are attracted to the waste and can spread diseases such as cholera and dengue fever. Using water polluted by MSW for bathing, food irrigation and drinking water can also expose individuals to disease organisms and other contaminants. Open dumping, open burning and un-engineered sanitary landfills are common practice in many of the countries in the world. Due to improper solid waste disposal and collection systems dwellers are facing serious negative environmental and health impacts in developing countries. This paper highlights the MSW generation and management in India and major impacts associated with MSW on human health and environment.

Online social networks are becoming a true growth point of the Internet. As individuals constantly desire to interact with each other both in business and in personal contacts, the ability for the Internet to deliver this networking capability grows stronger and stronger. There are a number of excellent resources available to anyone interested in becoming part of the online social networking community of the Internet. I have listed and briefly annotated a number of resources and sites that will start you on your knowledge discovery for online social networking on the Internet. A social networking service (also social networking site, SNS or social media) is an online platform that is used by people to build social networks or social relations with other people who share similar personal or career interests, activities, backgrounds or real-life connections. The variety of stand-alone and built-in social networking services available online in the 2010s introduces challenges of definition, but there are some common) social networking services are interactive Web 2.0 Internet-based applications, user-generated content (UGC) such as text posts, digital photos and videos, "tagging" and online comments are the lifeblood of SNS organisms, users create service-specific user profiles about themselves for the site or "app" that are designed and maintained by the SNS organization social networking services facilitate the development of online social networks by connecting a user's profile with those of other individuals and/or groups who share similar interests or beliefs.

India’s achievements in the development sectors are moderate, even after sixty five years of independence. The major challenges are unemployment and poverty, especially in rural areas on account of reliance of poor on the unorganized sources of credit. The dynamics of rural credit has rapidly changing from time to time. Government has spend huge amount on agriculture and rural development programmes of credit, as it was assured that farmers and poor households are facing liquidity constraints. Most of these efforts are heavily subsidized charging concessional rate of interest and tolerating loan defaults. Self-Help Groups (SHGs) are micro credit institutions, which have emerged at the village level based on selfhelp, collective perception, decision making and implementation of common programmes. Nagapattinam district is one among the front line districts in the promotion of SHGs, which are developed as a tool for the eradication of poverty. In this district, the role of SHG movement is all the more important for the promotion of economic interest of the inhabitants of the districts especially women. The present study is focused the internal loan among women SHGs in Nagapattinam

Investment means the use of money in the hope of making more money. In finance, investment means the purchase of a financial product or other item of value with an expectation of favorable future returns. Investment avenues differ from one avenue to anoth er. The investors expect more returns with relatively lesser risks. The Investors’ invest ment depends on their specific need, feature profit, savings, high return expected and etc.

Nagapattinam district is one among the front line districts in the promotion of SHGs, which are developed as a tool for the eradication of poverty. The district is coastal in nature and also surrounded by villages engaging in agriculture. But the district was consecutively worst hit by natural calamities such as Tsunami, flood and cyclone. Now the district proclaimed as drought prone area. In this situation, the role of SHG movement is all the more important for the promotion of socio economic interest of the inhabitants of the districts especially women, the present study is focused the status in the working place of the women SHGs members in Nagapattinam district.

The Multi-Component Reaction (MCRs) is a method in which three or more reactants are reacted in single vessel to form a complex cascade of molecule without isolation of intermediate. Here we have focused on various Multi-Component Reaction such as Strecker synthesis of amino acids, Hantzschsynthesis of dihydropyridines, Biginelli Reactions, Mannich reaction, Bucherer-Bergs synthesis and Kabachnik-Fields Reaction. Also discussed the concept map of above reactions which proceed through derivatization of carbonyl compound.

The present study was carried out to find out the difference between rural and urban and male and female elementary school teachers on various dimension of job satisfaction. The investigators used Amar Singh and T.R Sharma’s Job Satisfaction Scale(JSS). to collect the data randomly from various Govt. and private elementary schools. Some important statistical techniques were used to analyze and interpret the collected data and it was found that there is significant mean difference between rural and urban elementary school teachers further significant difference was found between male and female elementary school teachers.

The present study was carried out to find out the difference between rural and urban and male and female elementary school teachers on various dimension of job satisfaction. The investigators used Amar Singh and T.R Sharma’s Job Satisfaction Scale(JSS). to collect the data randomly from various Govt. and private elementary schools. Some important statistical techniques were used to analyze and interpret the collected data and it was found that there is significant mean difference between rural and urban elementary school teachers further significant difference was found between male and female elementary school teachers.

Tipu derived the concept of ‘egalitarian society’ from the French Revolution. Tipu contributed immensely for the welfare and progress of the downtrodden communities in Mysore state. Tipu adopted the role of a social reformer in his zeal to promote the welfare of his people. The revenue regulations demonstrate Tipu’s concern for the poor peasants. Tipu abolished feudalism, beggary, prostitution, human trafficking, human sacrifice, alcohol consumption and other social and economic evils. He was a strong defender of social justice since he was positively affected by American Revolution and French Revolution. He adopted novel system of the administration of justice and achieved the goal of inclusive development in Mysore State. Tipu had followed the standard system of administration for the development of the farmers, artisans, workers and other disadvantaged sections of society. He was a crossreligion icon who stood by social justice centered administration in Mysore state.

The present research deals with Job Satisfaction and Emotional Intelligence of Primary Teacher. The samples comprise 60 rural and urban Primary Teacher by using Purposive sampling technique. The tools used for present research are Job Satisfaction and Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire prepared by investigator. The data was analyzed using r.

The present research deals with Stress and Mental health of Primary Teacher. The samples comprise 60 rural and urban Primary Teacher by using Purposive sampling technique. The tools used for present research are Stress and Mental health Questionnaire prepared by investigator. The data was analyzed using r. Findings There is significant

The present research deals with Work environment and Job Satisfaction of Primary Teacher. The samples comprise 60 rural and urban Primary Teacher by using Purposive sampling technique. The tools used for present research are Work environment and Job Satisfaction Questionnaire prepared by investigator. The data was analyzed using r.

Emotional Intelligence can be defined as the ability in a person to identify, assess and control the emotions of oneself, others or and of a group. While the Spiritual intelligence is the ultimate intelligence which we address & solve problems of meaning & value , the intelligence with which we can place our actions & our lives in wider, riche , meaning – giving context , the intelligence with which we can assess that one course of action or one life path is more meaningful than another. The investigator was interested in studying to find out the Correlation between Emotional Intelligence & Spiritual Intelligence of secondary school teachers of Gangamata Madhyamik Vidyalaya , Verkhede , Tal.& Dist.Dhule in Maharashtra.The investigator used the tools for present study were 1) –Emotional Intelligence Test constructed by N.K.Chaddha ,2)– Roqan Spiritual Intelligence Test constructed by Roquiya Zainuddin & Ms. Anjum Ahmed. . It is revealed through the study that the male & female secondary school teachers have significant correlation in their Emotional Intelligence & Spiritual Intelligence. The main findings of the study are, Spiritual Intelligence & Emotional Intelligence does not correlates significantly among secondary school teachers.

This paper is focuses on the current problems and remedies of teacher education institutions. Teacher education is an important system to improve the quality of school education. The success of educational process depends to a rigid extent on the characteristics and ability of the teacher who is the corner stone of the arch of education the government of India realizes the importance of teacher education as a result of which many reforms were brought out particularly after independence. Privatization The teacher educstionhas already started showing its tremendous impact on teacher education , while there has been a substantial increase in the number of teacher education institutions in recent years. So lately mushroom growth of private B.Ed. institutions has cerated a formidable problems. There is a need to resort to some specific affirmative action for improving teacher education.

Research in the discipline of education has increased enormously in the last decade. It has also taken new direction & identified new areas for investigation & exploration. Psychological testing in India has now crossed the experimental stage. Although many American or British tests and Inventories will continue to be adapted in future. New & original tests and Inventories has already been constructed in Indian language. Time has now been ripe for developing new techniques of construction & standardization of Tests in India. For example If we describing achievement test, we shall particularly refer to standardized tests that are commercially available. These tests differ from teacher made objectives type tests in many ways.

The ground state ( ) and the excited state ( ) dipole moments of two styryl dyes were studied at room temperature in various organic solvents. The dipole moments ( ) were estimated from solvatochromic shifts of absorption and emission spectra as function of the refractive index (n) and dielectric constant ( ) using Bilot-Kawski, Bakshiev, Lippert Mataga, Kawaski-Chamma-Viallet and Reichardt Methods. Then in order to estimate a theoretical investigation, the dipole moments were calculated in the respective organic solvents with computational method (TDDFT/B3LYP). Intramolecular charge-transfer (ICT) and twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) have been observed due to higher values of excited state dipole moment than ground state dipole moment. The results show that excited state dipole moments of dyes are higher than ground state dipole moments of styryl dyes. The small change in the dipole moments was found after the introduction of sulphar and methoxy group in the styryl dyes are observed. It is observed that dipole moment value of excited state (μe) is higher than that of the ground state in both the styryl dyes indicating that these dyes are more polar in nature in the excited state than in the ground state.

In a general sense, “globalisation” refers to integration of nations through the process of crossnational flows of goods, investment, production and technology. However, any discussion about globalisation raises several questions starting from its definition to the implications. The questions that are specific to this subject are - What is globalisation? Is it an economic concept? Is Globalisation a new phenomenon? How does the process of globalisation operate? Who are all the major players of globalisation? What are the merits and demerits of globalisation? How to maximise benefits of globalisation? or How to minimise the demerits? What are the problems faced by India and what are the challenges ahead for India in the era of Globalisation? What is the impact of globalisation? Though the objective of this paper is not to provide answers to all these questions, an attempt is made to provide a brief outline on globalisation that becomes a base to understand the economic reforms and the employment scenario in India. The paper is divided in to three sections. In the first section, the basics of globalisation are presented. In the section 2, the economic reforms initiated in India are discussed. In the last section, the trends in employment and the impact of globalisation are discussed