Rapid Technological change is main characteristic of Today’s world. To develop children for this brave new world will require teachers to have a mix of skills that have always been the mark of an ideal teacher. If we ask that what is the most important school based factor which influencing student performance and lifelong outcomes? We get the answer, “Teaching”. So Teachers are backbone of education system.

Risk analysis and risk management has achieved great importance in the post liberalization period. The fundamental challenges faced by the banking industry is the challenge of understanding and managing the risks. Banking is such a business of its kind, which has that aspect of risk already imbibed in it. Banks have always been playing the role of intermediationthose having resources and those ready to acquire resources. Thus, to measure the risk at a higher level, various risks like credit risks, market risks and operational risks should be combined and a single factor has to be treated which can be worked out. Hence with regards to Basel committee norms and RBI guidelines, investigation of risk analysis and risk management in banking sector is of utmost importance.

Essay is an important genre of modern Hindi prose. The current form of the essay in the ancient ancient literature is received: Nahi hai. The word essay is used in many meanings in the literature. An essay is an attempt to reveal your thoughts on a subject. The literal meaning of the essay is- Sutri mein abbada, Gathi hui Rachna The word essay is originally from Sanskrit, which means to bind the series Karna Nabeer ke Janmdata Farsi writer Michael the hai " Essay Uss Lekh ko should be said in which someone Ramchandra Shukla Essay definition Mantan According to the critic, Dr. Shyamsunder Das has elaborately and scholarly thought on the deep subject. Tha ki purn hota hai. "The main characteristics of the essay are tension, self-related fluent language and other topics, but the unity of personality and artistry is the main point of the essay. The main type of essay is descriptive, descriptive, thoughtful, emotional, fine, personal, person-oriented, subjective.

This study explored the science teachers’ inquiry about beliefs and how these beliefs are enacted in the classrooms. A qualitative interpretive approach was adopted to investigate the rudimentary beliefs of science teachers on inquiry. Five high school teachers were purposively selected for this study. Data were generated through questionnaires, interviews, and classroom observations. Findings showed that most of the teachers have student-centered beliefs. Teachers who believed in the inquiry nature of science practiced it in the classroom and vice versa. Thus teachers' beliefs were consistent with their classroom practices. Most of the teachers have a narrow view of inquiry. The perception of inquiry act as a huddle in the implementation of inquiry teaching and learning in the classroom to promote rational thinking. It is observed that the lack of actual meaning of inquiry led to confusion about inquiry teaching among science teachers.

If we look at the history of modern Marathi literature, we notice that even in the pre-independence era, there were writings on rural subjects. But the rural literature written in the post-independence period is different. Because in the pre-independence era, the picture of rural areas is not depicted as it should be. The reasons can be many. One of the reasons is that the first duty of writers was to reject the domination of the British and motivate the society to become independent. In the post-independence period, especially in the 1960s, a large number of writings began to be done on rural subjects. A large number of writings were done on the subjects of rural areas, especially those related to agriculture and farmers. Rural subject started to be dealt with in all forms such as poetry, story, novel, drama, fine prose, so a large amount of literature was produced. In Marathi literature, this literature came to be known as rural literature. Rural literature started to be written so effectively and efficiently that it can be considered as an independent literary stream. Some writers contributed a lot in giving rural literature status and respect. Among them, the name of Anand Yadav has to be taken first because Anand Yadav taught rural literature to walk in the air first. Yadavanti laid a solid foundation of rural literature by presenting rural subjects in all forms, so today literature has been successful in its place in the history of Marathi age.

The COVID-19 pandemic has rapidly sweeps across the world. This pandemic has led to staged social and economic changes in human’s daily life. It has created a substantial degree of fear and worry in the population at large and among certain groups like, older adults, care providers and people with under laying other health conditions. The COVID-19 pandemic and the consequential economic recession have negatively affected many people’s physical & mental health and has created new barriers for the peoples who are already suffering from some other medical conditions. Impact of COVID-19 on the health of general population has showing increased levels of anxiety, stress and depression. Additionally, this pandemic has resulted in immense loss of life and has worsened a numerous of mental health issues. Besides this increased instances of domestic violence, anxiety and depression; the lack of reachable and reasonable mental health care across the country has make this difficult to solve for. The aim of the article is to throwing light on how COVID-19 has affected the individual’s mental health across the world and how awareness and self care can go a long way in helping people with trauma. It will help individual to manage their day to day life and will make aware them to avoid the unnecessarily anxiety and fear propagated by news and social media as well. With the help of this article our main aim is to bring awareness about the importance of mental health and subjective wellbeing during Pandemic

The only good is to Know and the only evil is Virtue, this is a statement of Socrates from his theory of Knowledge. According to him it is not enough to live life but important to live good life, good life means happy and satisfied life for which Knowledge of good life is important to mankind. Hence, He believed that Knowledge is Virtue, Knowledge is excellence and is source of Knowledge. Now we can relate this to prosperity and well-being of people which come from creation, sharing and use of Knowledge in Knowledge society.

The Micro, Small and Medium enterprises (MSMEs) are the largest employers in the country after agriculture. The labor intensive sector employs approximately 114 million persons and contributes nearly 30 per cent to India’s GDP. MSME is considered as the boon for the fresh talents in India promoting economic solidity in terms of growth and export. Approximately 50 per cent of our exports come from goods and services produced and sold by the sector. Not only that the MSMEs and its contributions are directly or indirectly benefitting many other prime sectors of the country. The government acknowledging the importance of the sector grants a major part of its outlay on the same. The article is an attempt to present the analysis of the improvisation in the fund allocation for the sector in the last three budgets till the current one passed on 17th of March 2021.

The availability credit facility is the major challenges in every business. Specifically, it is very crucial in agriculture. The return from agriculture is not guaranteed so as it become neglected from various a credit source. At the same time a large proportion of population remains engaged in agriculture and without credits the cultivations would not begin. This picture underlined the importance of credit facility. Since long in India, there were credit facilities which have supplied to agriculture through the money lenders, relatives, friends and landlords. Under the British rule , there was a passed the Co-operatives Societies Act-1904; after that the co-operative movement started very swiftly in the Maharashtra. In addition, the state of Maharashtra implemented three-tire co-operative credit society structure for distributing credit facilities to farmers as well as needy peoples. It is proud to say that co-operative credit system saved the farmers from unorganized credit sector. In Maharashtra, earlier people were dependent upon sahwkhar, relatives, traders and moneylenders for credit. The state has accepted three-tier system of co-operative credit societies. At the top the State Co-operative Banks (StCBs), at the middle District Co-operative Credit Societies (DCCS) and the bottom level Primary Agriculture Credit Societies and ensured that this dependence no longer exists. The Maharashtra Government has always encouraged the growth of Primary Agricultural Credit Societies through State Co-operative Banks and National Bank for Agricultural and Rural Development (NABARD). Co-operative banking plays a very important role in the rural credit system. They have extended almost 70% credits out of the total rural credit. During the period of 1978-79, there were 18,686 total Primary Agricultural credit societies working across the State. The total Membership of was PACS was 51.30 lakh and they have extended credit Rs.161 crore.

‘If a student is unable to reach the school then the school should reach the student’, said by Swami Vivekananda. Similarly, when any student is unable to understand any concept then teacher should play a role of guide and should try to use innovative methods to make the concept easy to understand. Sometimes use of repetitive methods make the topic difficult for students to understand. At that moment it is a must to use different techniques for explanation and make it easy to understand. This helps in making process of teaching effective and the students get opportunity to learn the topic with an ease

Teaching all over the world is considered as one of the noblest profession. With changing current situations in teaching field, teachers are experiencing tremendous toll on their mental health. The study aimed at finding out the relationship between mental health and job stress among secondary school teachers on the basis of gender and types of school board. Methodology used was descriptive of survey type. Mental Health tool constructed by Dr. Sharma and Dr. Siddiqui was used for the research after seeking their permission. Job stress scale was constructed by the researcher. The sample size consists of 610 secondary school teachers. Data was descriptively and inferentially analysed. Mean score of Mental Health on the basis of gender revealed that female secondary school teachers are higher as compare to male secondary school teachers. Mean score of Mental Health on the basis of school board revealed that SSC board secondary school teachers is slightly higher as compare to ICSE board secondary school teachers. For job stress Mean score on the basis of gender revealed that female secondary school teachers are higher as compare to male secondary school teachers. And on the basis of types of school mean score show that of ICSE secondary school teachers is higher as compared to SSC board secondary school teachers. For the inferential analysis Pearson’s coefficient correlation test was used to find out relationship between mental health and job stress. It revealed that there is a significant relationship between Mental health and job stress of female teacher. There is however no significant relationship between mental health and job stress of male teachers. And findings also reveals that there is a significant relationship between Mental health and Job Stress of SSC and ICSE secondary school teachers. Therefore Mental Health plays an important role in reducing Job Stress.

An important aspect of Dr.Ambedkar’s versatile personality dose not, however, seem to have attracted enough attention especially in the light of his achievements in the field of equality and social justice and drafting of the constitution of India, that he was an eminent economist. After long years of neglect, the ideas of Ambedkar’s seem to be gaining currency. While his thoughts on Indian society and politics have garnered more attention, some of his economic ideas too deserve greater attention. Known largely as the father of the Indian Constitution and a leader of Dalits, Ambedkar began his career as an economist, making important contributions to the major economic debates of the day. This was also due to the fact that Ambedkar’s himself perhaps chose to underplay his role as a professional economist, as he was mostly preoccupied with vital issues of social justice and in the drafting of the constitution. Yet it would be grossly unfair to relegate his economic ideas to secondary status. Ambedkar’s was a well trained economist. His thinking as an economist has two dimensions. Firstly, as an economist his contributions relating to The Evolution of Provincial Finance in British India and The Problem of the Rupee are professional in nature. Secondly, his writings on Land Reforms, Socialism, Fiscal System of India, Employment, Capital formation, Industrialisation and Nationalisation are reflections of a political-statesman.

There are problems everywhere for students-problems at home with their parents and siblings, problems in the educational institute, with their friends and education. Adolescent is the stage where a person begins to mature. At this stage stress can be effective. At adolescent, a person may have stress due to many reason such as early puberty, peer pressure, substance abuse and identity crisis. Stress affects the physical and behavioural level. A person needs to know that this stage there are many changes and if there is no help they experience stress. This paper is the analysis of Academic stress from 2016 to 2020. A lot can be done by the Educational institutes adminis- tration to choke out the stress among their students if they try and implement. Key words –

Now a days investment is the core part of life. Every individual has invest in their own way, Systematic investment plan (SIP) has emerged at alternative investment plan for large number of investors interested in less risk with high returns in installments. The purpose of the study is to find out the motivating factor to invest in systematic investment plan. SIP holder belonging in Mumbai city in Maharashtra has been taken for the purpose of the study. Results of the study found that for higher return with low risk the investor motivates to invest in systematic investment plan on the other hand knowledge and operational platform is one of the main barrier that investor are facing of scheme. In the present work we have studied how the investment in mutual funds through Systematic Investment Plan (SIP) can gain momentum and increase percentage of income. Hence, SIP seems to be a safer and beneficial mode of investment for the small investors and in a large context it is beneficial also for the big investors. Our sample study also suggests that young investors are tending towards mutual fund investments and preferring SIPs more than the aged investors.

The field of education has undergone a significant shift in thinking about the nature and process of human learning in order to optimize the degree and quality of meaningful learning. This requires change in teaching learning process which will develop higher order thinking among students. Constructivism is one of such approach which fulfills the need of this demand from the education process. It has gained significant attention in the past twenty years among the teaching community across the world. The present study addresses the pedagogical philosophy of prospective teachers of SNDT Women’s University. The study aimed at examining the attitude of prospective teachers towards constructivist pedagogy. Data was collected from 152 prospective teachers. The rating scale on Teacher’s Attitude towards Constructivist Approach in Teaching (TASCAT) developed by S. Lyngdoh and S.M Sungoh (2017) was used for the present study. The research revealed that majority of the prospective teachers (75.66 %) have moderate and (24.34 %) of the prospective teachers have high range of attitude towards constructivist pedagogy. However, there is no significant difference in Attitude towards constructivist approach on the basis of type of college, age, educational qualification, stream and marital status of the prospective teachers.

Salinity prevents plants from taking up water and exposing them to draught stress, to overcome this, studies have shown that halotolerant organism can be effective in plant growth promotion in saline condition. Studies have also shown that consortium strains are more effective in plant growth promotion and bio control activity. In the present study, from various soil samples total 11 isolates were obtained. Morphological and biochemical analysis confirmed that 8 were Rhizobium and 3 were Bacillus spp. Halotolerant analysis confirmed that 3 isolates could tolerate salt concentration up to 6%, hence these three were used for further studies. The isolates were screened for plant growth promotion assays; it includes Indole acetic acid production, Phosphate Solubilization and Zinc Solubilization. The isolates were also screened for lytic enzymes production like (Chitinase, Protease and Cellulase). In pot assay, plant growth promotion for leguminous (Methi plant) and non- leguminous (rice plant), with single and consortium strains under halotolerant condition were done, the result showed subsequent increase in growth of shoot length and root length. Application of mixture of strains resulted with notable increase in plant growth compared to the individual strain. In pot assay, in bio-control activity consortium organism were found to inhibit plant pathogens and hence can be used as bio-control agents. Thus from the above study it can be concluded that the use of consortium organisms in field application can be used as biocontrol and bio-fe rtilizer agents.

“Selecting Optimized feature region set for digital image using Algorithm” is discussed here. Enhancement of a digital watermarking algorithm is denoted by the robustness of embedded watermarks against various attacks. Method based on the simulated attacking and the GAbased MDKP solving procedure is developed to select the most adequate feature regions for robust digital image watermarking under the constraint of preserving image quality. Finally, we select most robust region from selected primary feature regions using generic algorithm.

Mathematics classroom practices mostly consider procedural fluency. But for the deeper understanding it is important to foster the mathematical processes by organizing various activities in the classroom. For each mathematical process, a teacher should play a crucial role to arrange such challenging tasks where each student will become active participant and deepen their conceptual understanding with dynamic classroom discourse. Such classrooms will transform the pedagogy from rote memorization to Mathematical proficiency

Teacher is the most vital single factor of influence in the system of education. It is the teacher who matters most as far as the quality of education is concerned. The educational process is governed by the extent of receptivity and initiative. The well-equipped teacher is supreme in education. At all times the teacher is the pivot in the system of education. This is especially the case in a period of basic change’ and reorientation. The study aimed at finding the difference between emotional intelligence and job satisfaction. of secondary school teachers on the bases of gender and types school board. The data was descriptively and inferentially analyzed. Emotional intelligence scale was constructed by Dr. Ekta Sharma and. used for the purpose of the study with the necessary permission. Job satisfaction scale was constructed by the researcher. 600 secondary school teachers were selected from different SSC and CBSE schools of Raigad district. Descriptive analysis and Anova i.e. ‘t’ test done for analysis. . The descriptive analysis revealed that for the mean score of Emotional Intelligence the male Secondary school teachers are marginally higher than the female Secondary school teachers. Similarly the SSC teachers are marginally higher than the CBSE school teachers when we compare the mean score. In the inferential analysis, the‘t’ test revealed that there is no significant difference in the emotional intelligence on the bases of gender and types of school board.. For job satisfaction the t test revealed that there is no significant difference on the bases of gender. However there is a significant difference in the job satisfaction of secondary school teacher on the bases of types of school board. The SSC school teachers are moderately higher than the CBSE secondary school teachers.

Agriculture is the main stay of India’s economy. Agricultural development is therefore, a precondition of our national prosperity hence Indian agriculture system has taken up new modifications and changes by turning towards organic farming and implementation in conventional farming. Organic crops are crops which are grown without use of synthetic fertilizers and the grains/ seeds which are used for sowing are complete organic variety of grains. They contain all kind of nutritious qualities and are completely healthy. Organic farming refers to a technique, which involves the cultivation of plants and rearing of animals in natural ways. This process involves the use of biological materials, avoiding synthetic substances to maintain soil fertility and ecological balance thereby minimizing pollution and wastage. GM crops include the genetic modification in the genes of the crops so as to increase the resistance of the crops from certain pests , diseases, environmental conditions, reduction of spoilage, resistance to chemical treatments or improving nutritional profile of crops. Conventional farming also known as industrial agriculture, refers to farming systems which include the use of synthetic chemicals fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides and other continual inputs, genetically modified organisms, concentrated animal feeding operations, heavy irrigation, intensive tillage, etc. Objectives of this study were to evaluate the perception of farmers towards GM technology as producers and as a consumer, know the Organic and Conventional farmer’s attitude towards Agricultural sustainability, find out the consumer opinion towards organic and GM crops production at a commercial level, find the ways for minimizing the cost of cultivation of organic farm products. This study concluded that the demand for organic product is high but the population of farmers who are doing organic farming is less as compare to the farmers doing conventional farming.

As India is one of the highest per capita out-of-pocket expenditures’ countries, generics will save a lot of money which can be used for other health issues. In all the countries, use of generic drugs has increased significantly in recent years. In 2008, the Government of India, through the Department of Pharmaceuticals, started a new initiative “Jan Aushadhi” (a Hindi word literally translated as “Medicine for People”). This program envisaged making unbranded quality medicines available to poor people in the country at a reasonable and affordable price through retail outlets’ setup with the help of the government. It has taken ownership of setting up Jan Aushadhi stores, which are pharmacies selling only generic name medicines to the extent possible, giving preference to pharmaceutical public sector undertakings too. There are not enough Jan Aushadhi stores, possibly 3200 against more than 8 lakh retail pharmacies in existence, with many rural areas still underserved. The Medical Council of India, in an amendment to the code of conduct for doctors in October 2016, has recommended that every physician should prescribe drugs with generic names legible and he or she shall ensure that there is a rational prescription which promotes the use of generic drugs. In future, the Government of India may bring a legal framework under which doctors will have to prescribe generic medicines to patients. For this study a survey was conducted in Nagpur city. The Sample size for the study was 80 and Sampling technique used here is stratified random sampling. The primary data was collected using questionnaire and secondary data was collected through online websites, e - journals and research paper. The study concludes that doctors prescribe generic medicines on their own and also on patient’s request as generic medicines are affordable at a lower cost. Generic medicine produces the same therapeutic effect as the patented medicines (branded generics). Mostly doctors agree generic medicines are as safe as branded medicines. The doctors are found switching the patient’s medication from patent medicine to generic medicine in some cases. Generic medicines are appropriate for less serious condition of patient but treatment with generic medicine take a longer duration.

The imported toys made by using modern technologies, plays over the conventional industries and affecting the smooth running of the craftsmanship. This Research article tries to depict the current scenario of wooden toy industry from Sawantwadi, Taluka from Sindhudurga District, Maharashtra. In India, many wooden toy makers give up their job like any other conventional profession due to lack of adequate earning and livelihood. These toy industries face a financial crisis for some year’s results from changing trends and inadequate placing. Awareness of the benefits and value of eco-friendly toys are essential for the goodness of child development and boosting of the conventional industries.

he area of work of a social worker is the surrounding society and individuals from many fields! Being able to successfully interact with all of them becomes an integral part of his personality. Interpersonal skills occupy a very important place when considering the important aspects of the personality of a social worker - as a socially oriented personality. The success of any social work depends on the interpersonal skills possessed by any social worker. The more interpersonal skills are developed, the more advanced the social worker will be! Therefore, it is useful to have a theoretical knowledge study and practice of various types of interpersonal skills. Along with all these issues, the development of interpersonal skills and the factors hindering this development are discussed in this article.

Jal Hai To Kal Hai. It is said that it is applicable to today's modern life style.. India is a country rich in natural resources but due to lack of planning or management it is facing shortage in some natural resources. Humans can survive for days without their basic needs of food, clothing and shelter. But it is impossible to live without water. The problem of water or water problem is facing all over the world.

The issue of inclusiveness in punishment is not new, but it has attracted attention from various punishment committees, punishment commissions and policies. The National Punishment Policy of 1986 is conscious of this expansion. In which the full thrust was mainly to make punishment compulsory for all children up to 14 years of age. In 2005, this was discussed in depth in the National Curriculum Framework. In which there was talk of adding a new dimension to punishment for the socially, economically and culturally deprived sections and finally the day came when the Right to Punishment Act 2009 Bill was passed by Parliament and implemented across the country in 2010 so that every child can live. This law proved to be a milestone, but the quality of punishment along with inclusion in punishment is a mandatory and indispensable condition. Recently, various researches related to the quality of punishment reveal the opposite view. In which Peace Asar and Jais figures are in the main, which shows that in India, students of class three are unable to understand simple sentences of their mother tongue and addition and subtraction of 2 digits. In this case, there is a great need to implement quality objectives of punishment and their implementation on the ground.

Travel is a very ancient and imperfect thing that has fascinated man since the beginning. In the early days, travel was done without any precept or consciousness and simply. In ancient times, most of the travelers who attempted it were pilgrims, sailors exploring new lands, or curious about new regions.

Mahatma Gandhi is known as the pioneer of Indian freedom struggle. Mahatma Gandhi is known to the whole world as the freedom fighter and the father of India who fought against the British through truth, non-violence, and Satyagraha and the father of the nation. It is the mover of mankind along the path of peace. The presentation and expansion of Gandhiji's thoughts is so wide that it would be incomplete to imagine the development of India without him. Their various aspects of freedom, equality, justice, conscience, self-government, simple living, high thinking, ethical society are accepted all over the world.

Water is an important natural resource. All living creatures need water, human beings, animals, plants, birds also need water, man-made agricultural industries also need water. There are nouns water, living things, resources, water, plants, industry, agriculture, liquid

The index of Industrial is an indicator which details out the growth rate of various sector in an economy such as mineral mining, electricity and manufacturing etc. It measures also the short-term changes in the volume of production of a basket of industrial production during the given period of time. In this study secondary data from 2012 to 2020 has been used to evaluate the result. The main sources are Ministry of Statistics and Program Implementation (MOSPI), BSE and NSE and regression analysis through SPSS has been used to evaluate the result. The finding of the study revealed that there has been a strongest degree of positive correlation and direct linear relationships between IIP & BSE SENSEX and NSE Nifty. The results of the regression residual analysis revealed that IIP has been significant predictors to measure the bull and market trends in Index of Industrial production in Indian Markets. Since the coefficients of determination is not equal to zero which shows that IIP is one of the predictive variables but there may be some other factors also which drives through the markets. So, It can be concluded that behavior of some other market factors like foreign direct investors will influence the performance of the Industrial production in India.

Global pandemic COVID-19 has left many workers being unable to travel to work in order to limit the transmission of the virus. In fast-paced urban areas, both companies and workers are looking for alternate work options. Most, if not all, employees were forced to operate from home due to the epidemic. As a result, Work from home (WFH) has become a strategic concern for most firms. Companies and employees should be considered WFH while formulating plans. Even though working from home is now available, the current situation provides a unique look at how well the arrangement works. This information might be useful for future legislation that alter the present arrangement of working hours. Examining the problems that businesses and employees in India face requires the use of a SWOT analysis and an exploratory approach. Determining if this employment arrangement is temporary or permanent will also be considered.

The government of India has taken several initiatives for skill development among rural youth through Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY) and Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Grameen Kaushalya Yojana (DDU-GKY) schemes. In this context, the impact of the PMKVY and DDU-GKY initiatives of the government has to be studied as a huge sum of money is involved in the implementation of the scheme. The present study examines the factors of motivation to attend training under Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY) and Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Grameen Kaushalya Yojana (DDUGKY) in Jalgaon Taluka of Maharashtra state. The study concluded that the factors that motivated trainees to attend PMKVY are Secured feelings, Self-confidence, Helpful governmental schemes, Start own business, and Personal income. The top five factors that motivated trainees to attend DDUGKY are Helpful governmental schemes, Increase family income, Self-confidence, Personal income, and Start an own business.

The dynamics of Indian society is built on pluralism and tolerance where synergetic existence of religion, language, and cultures are formed. According to Article 29 of the constitution- Protection of Interests of Minorities (i), any section of the citizens residing in the territory of India or any part thereof having a distinct language, script or culture of its own shall have the right to conserve the same. Though the best approach to conserve, transmit the cultural heritage is through education, the progress of education varies within the minority groups. Among the minorities Muslim literacy rate is lower than the other minority group. The Muslims lag behind lag behind in most human development indicators (Sachar Committee Report, 2006). This backwardness is the main concern that draws the attention of researchers and academicians, on how various initiatives or educational schemes were taken and implemented to revitalize education of Muslim students. Thus the paper is an attempt to study the status of Muslim education vis-a-vis Government policies/schemes on Madrasha education.