In today’s world the concept of stress has gained too much attention because there are many factors prevailing in today's world which act as a catalyst in increasing it. Stress is not confined to age these days; the fact is that it is increasingly affecting children of all age groups including those who are going to colleges as well. Proper stress management is required in order to deal with it effectively. As far as college going students are concerned, there are plenty of reasons which cause stress, employment status could be one of those. Employed students tend to face many challenges like maintaining balance between work and college, academic achievement and work deadlines, etc. The objective of the current study was to understand the stress level among male and female students from junior college and also, among those who are employed and unemployed. Results indicated that stress was not affected by gender whereas, employed students had a higher level of stress compared to those who were unemployed.

Anxiety is one of the most common psychological disorders that has been observed in both school-aged children and adolescents worldwide. Many students face anxiety issues when they think they are unable to achieve their academic or non-academic purposes; however, sometimes anxiety helps in encouraging students to critically think about how to achieve the set goals. Students cope with anxiety in various ways, but most of them struggle to deal with anxiety effectively which probably causes many symptoms that affect their physical and mental health. Therefore, it is one of the many responsibilities of teachers to help students deal and manage their emotions and keep them mentally healthy. In India, the main cause of anxiety among school children and adolescents is the unrealistically high educational expectations from parents as well as teachers for students to outdo their classmates and their personal best, every time. The present study analyzes the anxiety level of secondary and junior college students. The study reflected that student who are not appearing for board examinations, that is those from 9th and 11th standard, had a higher level of anxiety as compared to those who are appearing that is 10th and 12th.

The use of technology in education has an important role and it should be applied in the learning system. On the other hand, there is still a learning process which is done by emphasizing the method of lecturing and memorizing. Blended learning is the combination of traditional (face-to-face) and online learning so that instruction occurs both in the classroom and online. The teaching and learning environment are embracing a number of innovations and some of these involve the use of technology through blended learning. This innovative pedagogical approach has been embraced rapidly though it goes through a process. The present study reflected that owning a personal laptop/tablet affected college students’ attitude towards adopting blended learning approach for their learning. Also, students owning a personal laptop showed a higher attitude towards technology and online dimension of blended learning.

Nowadays, there has been a process of change in teaching and learning pedagogy which extends from the old traditional conceptions to constructivism which is trending. It has been justified that this change and transformation in the educational system deeply affects not only in-class processes but also teachers’ conceptions about these pedagogies. However, many teachers tend to resist changing their teaching techniques and intentionally do not adopt alternative strategies, methods and techniques that could be more effective. Teachers’ perceptions of their pedagogical competence are important and considered to be highly effective in their teaching and learning conceptions. The teaching-learning conceptions is defined as the ways and methodologies used by teachers to organize their teaching-learning environments for purposeful learning. The objective of this research is to examine the attitude of in-service teachers from English medium and urdu medium institutes towards their teaching-learning conceptions. According to the findings of the research, it was observed that teachers from English medium preferred traditional approach over constructivist approach. Also, English medium teachers had a more positive attitude towards their teaching learning conception as compared to urdu medium teachers.

In the era of zero-tolerance, virtual reality and trending ultramodern technology, it has become so urgent to study human emotions that it demands serious attention and concentration for its scientific measurement and solutions. In the last two decades, Emotional Intelligence has been a topic of growing concern in the file of education regarding the emotional aspects of teenagers attending school and colleges. The fact cannot be denied that social skills and emotional maturity with a combination of intelligence helps in bringing adjustment and success in the life of teenagers which is an essential part of life for surviving in today's competitive world. Emotional intelligence is defined as a scientific human endeavour in order to bridge the gap between two different human conditions arising in the human body, originating from head and heart respectively. This present paper thoroughly investigates the level of emotional intelligence among teenagers based on their gender and the medium of instruction of the educational institutes in which they are presently studying. If emotional intelligence skills are developed, enhanced and strengthened it is likely that students may demonstrate a higher level of personal, academic and career success.

Computers have become an integral part of students' life and its importance in the field of education cannot be ignored. Usage of computers is seen as an essential part of curriculum providing students with opportunities to access large amounts of information and utilize various web-based applications and content related to their studies. With the invention of the Internet, computers have become a global system of connections between millions of learners that allows dissemination of information easily. With the generation that is completely dependent on computers the concept of computer anxiety among students has also become a topic of concern. Students who have used computers are less likely to have computer anxiety as compared to those who have never had an opportunity to do so because of which they avoid, or minimize its usage. Communication gap between its usage instructions can be one of the reasons for increasing computer anxiety. Overuse of computers has also led to a new form of addiction among adolescents. Computer anxiety involves an individual’s feelings of unease, apprehension and fear about computer use. The present study emphasizes the attitude of adolescents towards computer anxiety. The results reflected that gender had no effect on computer anxiety. Those students belonging to Urdu medium schools had a higher level of computer anxiety compared to those belonging to English medium schools.

Technology has impacted all sectors of this globe and education is not an exception to this. Within this perspective the fact cannot be ignored that computers and the Internet are one of the critical parts of educational technology and this importance has increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. The Internet and its multi functions are in the roles of creating and delivering information with easy navigations and paths. The Internet with all its benefits has provided not just students but teachers as well with new dimensions to explore in the teaching-learning pedagogy. Through the invent of internet and its increasing demand students can explore learning experiences globally. Realizing the need and importance of students' attitudes toward the Internet the present study was undertaken. The present study attempts to understand the attitude of 224 male and female students towards the internet from Mumbai. The result reflected that gender and the standard in which they are studying did not affect their attitude towards the internet. Having a conscious and positive reflection towards the Internet will help students develop a positive acceptance of the competitive learning environment.

Technological advances in the world have revolutionized our society but schools are yet to fully incorporate information and communication technology (ICT) based teaching and learning activities for our students who are the future of the nation. Adapting with the current digital era has become the necessity of the hour. It is essential to understand the significant contribution ICT based instructions in the classroom can make a huge impact for the progress of the nation. But, before we understand the need of ICT based instructions in the classroom it is important to understand the challenges that a teacher has to face for the implementation of ICT based instructions in the classroom. Also, it would be highly beneficial if the pre-service teacher education programme incorporates and encourages the prospective teachers to use ICT tools for the teaching and learning process. From the literature review some of the key challenges like lack of knowledge about ICT tools, resistance to change and lack of teachers’ competency has been identified. Not only challenges but also some of the benefits of using ICT tools in the teaching learning process have been identified such as enhanced job performance, sustaining the interest of the learners, motivating learners to use ICT and developing a positive attitude towards using ICT. Keywords: Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Pre-Service Teacher Education Programme

Nature presents humans with emotions. Emotions contribute to success. A person possessing the ability to conquer and handle emotions in a desirable manner is considered to attain success in future endeavours. Emotions are involved in every exercise. Emotional Intelligence has become a crucial framework to accomplish personal as well as professional goals and success. It has also become a topic of concern and interest for various researchers and psychologists. Emotionally Intelligent people are able to diagnose their potentials and apply it in personal and professional lives. The present study investigated Emotional Intelligence among Secondary School Students and Junior College Students. A sample size of 110 adolescent students was taken out of which 65 were Female students and 45 were Male students. Results indicated that Female students had a higher level of emotional intelligence than their male counterparts.

Research Studies have revealed that emotional intelligence (EI) has a strong influence on individual's job performance and most of the studies are limited mostly to the corporate sector. Thus, the present research article tries to explore the effect of teacher’s level of emotional intelligence on their teaching effectiveness. In this century, the role of the teacher has drastically changed where the focus is on developing higher order thinking skills among students to enable them communicate effectively, collaborate and develop skills that are needed along with intelligent decisions in order to achieve various outcomes for their peers in their classes and make wise judgments in future. Teachers equally must also possess Emotional Intelligence in order to understand the emotions of the self and the people around them which will directly affect the way they are teaching and the pedagogies that they adapt for the same. EI capacity of the teachers is the vibrant sign for their effectiveness in teaching. Teacher attention for students produces effective results in learning in form of social skills as performance so it plays role in wellbeing of students regarding all aspects of students’ life.

Children see the world with intense curiosity and are ready to emulate things around them. They observe the things they see; listen with passion what they hear and try to interpret what they experience. Early childhood education in India was mainly conducted in Anganwadis. The focus was mainly on the health and nutrition of children. It focused on ensuring that children are provided with nutritious food. The National Policy on Education NPE 2020 intends to make quality pre-primary education accessible to all children across India by 2030. It has given strong recommendation on early childhood care and education as the foundation years in a child’s life play a crucial role in his/her future development and success. The new policy recommends a play-based, activity-based learning system. It focuses on arts, crafts, drama, music, puppetry, sports and games. The children should be exposed to various learning experiences through which the physical, mental, emotional, spiritual and aesthetic development takes place. An action plan has to be chalked out taking care of the current situation, the needs and demands and the challenges in implementing quality early childhood care and education. It includes ensuring systematic planning for each aspect, bridging the digital divide in India and ensuring adequate resources for providing infrastructure and training. Keywords:

Epistemological beliefs among students about the nature of knowledge and knowing, are the topics of target currently and has become a field of increased research interest specially among educators. The present study tries to understand the change that has occurred among students in regards to their epistemological beliefs in the current era. Student epistemological beliefs are viewed as important as teachers’ epistemological beliefs since it will influence their behavior in classroom and help in determining their learning strategies. Thus, it is important for a teacher to determine the change in students’ epistemological beliefs that has occurred due to technical advancement and development of new learning strategies in order to cater individual differences among learners and develop higher order thinking.

Concept of teaching In the context of education teaching is a social event in which human beings come to share meaning of experience teaching is a system of action which induce learning etymological root of teaching is TAIKJON It is a Latin word which means show how