The movement of feminism began in19th and early 20th centuries across the world. At that time the focal point of the movement was gaining women’s suffrage i.e. Right to vote. From then the movement flourished and the focal point shifted to racism and body shaming against women in 1960-70. In parallel, there was a rising reliance on the idea that the main cause of women's historical subordination was the law. Such a conviction served as the foundation for feminist legal theory and jurisprudence. In the opinion of the feminist philosophy of law, there is an influence of patriarchal norms and masculinity standards on the legal system. In India, the first wave of feminism started in 1850-1920 when the sati system was abolished. In the pre-independence era, the second wave of feminism started and the popularity of women’s rights grew. The women were coming forward and setting forth their opinions against patriarchy and the British. With the beginning third wave of feminism in 1992, harassment and the issue of intersectionality became the centre of attention. The establishment of a national commission for women proved to be a milestone in the journey of feminist jurisprudence in India. The judgement of the Bhawari Devi case of Rajasthan, the Shah Bano case, the Mary Roy case of Kerela, the Suhas Kutti case of Tamil Nadu, and The CEHAT v. union of India case deepened and strengthened the roots of feminist jurisprudence in India. Currently, we are in the fourth wave of feminism where empowerment of women has become the focal point. The Indian legal system has benefited much from the feminist legal thought. “A variety of laws, including the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, the Dowry Prohibition Act, the Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition, and Redressal) Act, the Maternity Benefit Act, the Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act, the Indecent Representation of Women Act, and the Equal Remuneration Act”, have made it possible for women to advance in all spheres of life. In this paper, the author has made an attempt to discuss the concept of feminist jurisprudence, how India was affected by the movement, the influence of judicial decisions in the light of feminist legal theory on society and the protectionist interpretation of laws for women.

Ecotourism has emerged as a vital tool for promoting biodiversity conservation while supporting sustainable livelihoods among local communities. This study explores the interrelationship between ecotourism development and biodiversity conservation, emphasizing how responsible tourism practices contribute to the protection of natural habitats and species. Using data from [insert study area or years if available, e.g., 2019–2025], the research examines trends in tourist inflow, revenue generation, and conservation investment to assess the ecological and socio-economic impacts of ecotourism initiatives. The findings reveal that well-managed ecotourism fosters environmental awareness, generates financial resources for conservation programs, and creates livelihood opportunities that reduce pressure on natural resources. However, challenges such as inadequate regulation, over-tourism, and lack of local participation can undermine these benefits. The paper concludes that integrating community-based approaches, conservation education, and sustainable planning is essential for maximizing ecotourism’s potential to conserve biodiversity while ensuring long-term socio-economic resilience.

This study examines the role of naturopathy centers in rural development in Purandar Tehsil, Pune District, Maharashtra. The study has of naturopathy centre Narayanpur, Saswad in view of health tourism. Naturopathy - a system of preventive and primitive health care based on natural therapies - has seen renewed interest in rural India for its low-cost, locally adaptable interventions. Using a mixed-methods case-study approach, the research combined structured household surveys, semi structured interviews with naturopathy practitioners and local stakeholders, participant observation at multiple centers and analysis of secondary health and development records. All the findings show that naturopathy center contribute positively to primary health care as well as rural development. It supports local livelihoods through employment of local staff, use of herbs, vegetables, fruits from local farmers and small scale health tourism. Narayndham Naturopathy Centre is located in Purandar tehsil; climate is calm, green landscape, serene natural beauty best location for relaxation from busy life. This helps to improve human health. Their road connectivity is good and nearby from all the cities. Most patients’ reported satisfaction with reasonable casts, experienced staff & supportive environment.

Population distribution is the pattern of where people live on Earth's surface, and it is highly uneven, with a majority living in a small percentage of the land area. Factors like climate, resources, and economic opportunities cause some areas to be densely populated, while others are sparsely populated. The concentration of people is influenced by geographic, economic, and social factors, resulting in a pattern where more people live in the Northern Hemisphere, especially in mid-latitudes and low-elevation areas. Present paper reveals the analysis of distribution as well as density of total population in Beed district.

I studied the linear morphometric characteristics of the Mula–Pavana River basin to understand how its drainage network is organized and what that means for runoff and erosion. Using Strahler’s method and ArcGIS, I mapped 93 stream segments from 1st to 4th order and measured stream number, stream length, mean stream length, bifurcation ratio, drainage density, and length of overland flow. The basin area is 1297.71 km² with elevations ranging from 534 to 1241 m. Total stream length is 422.65 km and mean stream length is 105.66 km. The average bifurcation ratio is 4.87, suggesting limited structural control, while a low drainage density (0.32 km/km²) and short overland flow (0.16 km/km²) point to gentle slopes and higher infiltration. Overall, the dominance of 1st‑order streams indicates a relatively youthful drainage network with potential for rapid runoff concentration. These results provide a basic framework for future watershed management and more detailed hydrological studies

Urban riverfront development has become a strategic component of sustainable urban planning and tourism enhancement in many rapidly growing cities across the world. Pune, one of Maharashtra’s leading metropolitan regions, is currently implementing the Mula–Mutha Riverfront Development Project (RFD) aimed at ecological rejuvenation, enhanced public spaces, tourism growth, and improved urban resilience. This research paper examines the significance of riverfront development along the Mula–Mutha rivers and evaluates its potential impacts on tourism in Pune. Using secondary data, policy documents, stakeholder reports, and academic studies, the paper analyzes existing conditions, ongoing interventions, socio-economic implications, and tourism prospects. The findings suggest that the project can significantly transform Pune’s tourism landscape by improving accessibility, recreation opportunities, cultural activity zones, and aesthetic value. However, ecological, governance, and sustainability concerns remain critical. Recommendations emphasize inclusive planning, ecological restoration, heritage conservation, and eco-tourism integration.