Human being has always kept himself engaged in one chore or the other. He hates to sit idle. His curiosity has always kept him employed and his curiosity combined with his skills has transformed him from being a mere hunter-gatherer to being one of the most advanced species created on earth. The earliest humans kept themselves busy in finding their prey to feed themselves and their family. With the things he invented, such as, the weapons for hunting, fire, the cart and the wheel, irrigation, agriculture, pottery, cultivation of the land, the domestication of animals etc. he did not spend his day just wandering and eating. As a matter of fact, these inventions saved a lot of his time and it was then when he thought of beautifying his surroundings: the caves where he lived, the utensils that he used, the clothes that he wore, the weapons that he used and himself too. This ‘beautifying everything’ instinct in him has contributed a lot for art which begins with the primitive man’s cave paintings and continues till date and will prosper furthermore.

Marriage is an important stage of every body’s live. Marriage becomes a serious problem, when it is forced to affect the education and other appropriate life stages of a human being and especially to girls. Early marriage would cause damage to girls who are into education. This paper has presented the findings related to the coping of college going married girl students with their family, physic, psychology, academic and peer groups. It was found that majority of the married girl student are from rural domicile, married before the age of 21years and got married through arranged marriage. There are positive correlations among most of the coping aspects of the girls. This paper has emphasized the need for sensitizing the educational institutions, parents about the apathy and needs of the married girl students in the educational setting and at their families.

Professionalism refers to those qualities and skills that must be possessed by a practicing professional. It develops overtime and takes the shape in the context of professional practice. The term professional skills may be defined as those skills which are essential for graduates for becoming successful in their professional life. These consists of generic or transferable skills like facing the workplace challenges, working in team broader expertise, communication skills, personal attributes etc. These also include the attributes of self motivation, self management, self promotion, punctuality, getting on well with others and organization and clients and show initiatives. Professional skills can be developed by work experience, work placement and other forms of work-integrated learning at college or university level in the professional context. Professional skill can be developed to a maximum level when students reflect on what they have learnt and how they have learnt. Donald Schon suggested the capacity to reflect on action so as to engage in a process of continuous learning was one of the defining characteristic of professional practice. If the students are required to reflect intentionally on their learning experiences, it become the starting point in the development of professional practice skills.

During the software development, Software developers do not perform software-engineering task. In Software repository, source code is available and software developers use these repositories to support their activities. The research discipline of mining software repositories (MSR) uses these extant to understand the software system. So MSR brings together researchers and practitioners to consider methods of using data stored in software repositories to further understanding of software development practices. The main objective of this survey report is to define a research area in MSR and to discuss how MSR techniques are used.

The United Nations Goals of Millennium Development (GMDs), has come out with a strategies, of new tools and techniques towards the possible new role of corporate business to words the social inclusion. With effectively connecting the social inclusion of excluded groups to the profit-making functions of a company one make certain that the company motivation not throw out these programs in marketplace decline and hard period, Taking exacting programs of social responsibility of corporate as a beginning position, we seek to appear at the broader view growth footstep of corporate business as normal approaches, with those which decrease beneath the excellent of social responsibility, to gain a fuller broad view of how corporate business has occupied in the process of development It appearances an associated constituent of a greatly broader thought of exclusion of the society and can be define in several diverse ways; however its key in attribute contain the incapability of a few consumer divisions to access essential economic services in an suitable form, which might relate to the targeting choices of the financial service providers, as not all consumer divisions that practice financial exclusion be of no significance. this paper is based on the review of various current literatures about nexus between CSR and social inclusion

Modern technological advances in transportation have shrunk the globe to such an extent that it is no longer a problem to move to any part of the world be it for entertainment, studies and especially work. Employee mobility and the trend of boundary-less organizations has been among the macro economic factors that contributed to the increased challenges that today's corporate leadership is exposed with in the field of managing the cultural diversity in their facilities and offices located across the globe . Workplaces today are becoming increasingly diverse with employees of different genders, races, cultures, ethnic origins, and lifestyles. There have been so many changes in the cultural make-up of organizations that it has become imperative for leaders and supervisors to understand cultural diversity and how it can affect their organization. Leaders of the new millennium are being faced with numerous challenges and issue of the corporate environment that make it critical for managers to effectively manage the cultural diversity at various workstations and business locations. In order to lead the corporate in an effective manner while satisfying the needs and cultural demands of each employee, a leader has to be competitive and alarmed to see the long term impacts of any kind of change process initiated in the workplace. This research paper aims to reflect as to what is diversity management, why it is important for organizations to embrace the diversity at the workplace, and most importantly the role of leaders in successfully managing increased cultural diversity within the workforce.

Constructivism is newly invented strategy used in learning process. It imparts that no one can teach other, everyone generate its own knowledge depending on his or her previous knowledge and the role of teacher is only as a guide of learning situations. It helps learners to construct his own knowledge by doing some activities with collaboration, making spot decision, using high level thinking skills and own creativity. This research’s objective is to study the effectiveness of constructivism by comparing it with traditional method. Experimental method used for comparison. 60 students of div. ‘A’ and ‘B’ of Eights standard of S.V.J high school in Mumbai were selected as a sample in academic year 2013-2014. Division ’A’ students selected as experimental group and division ’B’ students selected as a control group at random. Pre-test and post test design with control group implemented. The data interpreted with the help of statistics

केवळ पजथन्यावर अवलंबून असलेली शेती वनवरृत स्वरूपाचे उत्पादन देऊ शकत नाही. त्यासाठी पाणी पुरवठयाच्या कृविम सोयी असणे अत्यंत आवश्यक आहे. पाणी पुरवठयामुळे शेतीचे उत्पादन वाढववणे आवण आधुवनक पध्दतीने लागवड करणे शक्य होते. वनसगाचा अवनयवमतपणा हा शेतीला वमळालेला शाप आहे. शेतीच्या उत्पादनातील सवात मोठी जोवखम म्हणजे पजथन्याचे अवनवरृत प्रमाण. ही जोवखम अशी आहे ज्यामुळे शेतकऱ्याचे उत्पन्न शेवटपयंत अवनवरृत राहते. भारतीय पवरस्स्थतीबाबत असे म्हटले जाते की, येथे सरासरी पाच वषाचा ववचार केल्यास त्यापैकी तीन वषे यथातथा असतात. एक वषथ अवतशय वाईट म्हणजे दुष्ट्काळाचे असते तर एक वषथ चांगले असते. पावसाच्या या अवनवरृततेमुळे शेतीच्या उत्पादनातही अवनवरृतता येते व ती दूर करण्यासाठी कृविम पाणी पुरवठयाच्या सोयी असणे आवश्यक ठरते.

भज़हफ, भुहब्फत, जात-ऩाॊत, बाषा औय भुल्कों की सीभाओॊ को राॉघता हुआ बायतीम ससनेभा अऩने सौ फयस ऩूये कय चुका है। फैरगाडी ऩय सवाय होकय सपय शुरू कयने वारा बायतीम ससनेभा आज जेट ववभान ऩय सवाय है। इसके सभावेशी चरयत्र का स्वरूऩ इसी से ऩता चरता है कक इसने देश के सबी करारूऩों को अऩने भें सभेट सरमा है। गीत-सॊगीत, नृत्म, नौटॊकी, रीरा, नटफाजी, जादू, भदारयमों के खेर, सशल्ऩकरा, चचत्रकरा, साहहत्म - सबी कराओॊ को बायतीम ससनेभा ने इस ववयाट देश की स्वप्नजीवी जनता के सुख-दुख-याग-ववयाग-सॊघषष से जोड हदमा।

The present study investigated the aptitude of B.Ed. trainees towards teaching. The objectives of the study were: (i) To compare teaching aptitude of male and female B.Ed students. (ii) To compare teaching aptitude of B.Ed. students of Arts and Science stream. (iii) To compare teaching aptitude of B.Ed students studying in self-financed and government aided institutions. The study was conducted on a sample of 100 B.Ed students of Allahabad city. Teaching Aptitude Test developed by S. S. Dahiya and L. C. Singh was used as a tool for the study. t-ratio was computed for the analysis of the data. The findings of the study revealed- (i) There is no significant difference in teaching aptitude of male and female B.Ed. students. (ii) There is no significant difference in teaching aptitude B.Ed. students of Arts and Science stream. (iii) There is no significant difference in teaching aptitude of B.Ed. students studying in self-financed and government aided institutions.

The present study investigated the aptitude of B.Ed. trainees towards teaching. The objectives of the study were: (i) To compare teaching aptitude of male and female B.Ed students. (ii) To compare teaching aptitude of B.Ed. students of Arts and Science stream. (iii) To compare teaching aptitude of B.Ed students studying in self-financed and government aided institutions. The study was conducted on a sample of 100 B.Ed students of Allahabad city. Teaching Aptitude Test developed by S. S. Dahiya and L. C. Singh was used as a tool for the study. t-ratio was computed for the analysis of the data. The findings of the study revealed- (i) There is no significant difference in teaching aptitude of male and female B.Ed. students. (ii) There is no significant difference in teaching aptitude B.Ed. students of Arts and Science stream. (iii) There is no significant difference in teaching aptitude of B.Ed. students studying in self-financed and government aided institutions.

Management institutes a part of higher education system, determine the career paths of the youth and in turn the future of the country. Students, parents, teachers, staff and society in general are the stakeholders of these institutes. Faculty members, the core eighty percent human resource of any management institute, have the potential and power to transform the future generation of a country.This paper studies and identifies the affective, cognitive and conative factors which drive job satisfaction of management faculty members and is directed towards understanding the factors which affects to job satisfaction of faculty members at management institutes in Pune, in the state of Maharashtra

In order to effective inclusion of students with special needs in general education classrooms, the teacher educator’s community must overcome barriers toward inclusion including existing attitudes. The purpose of this study was to determine the attitudes of pre-service teachers toward students with special needs. The sample consisted of 128 pre-service teachers studying in Haramaya University, Ethiopia. Results provided evidence that pre-service teachers had positive attitudes towards students with special needs. The overall findings suggest that pre-service teachers belonging to science stream and high SES and high educated family had positive attitude towards students with special needs with resp

The study investigated the comparative study of India and Bhutan in context of Organizational Climate and Self-perceived Efficacy among Indian and Bhutanese teachers by surveying 1015 teachers (445 from India and 579 from Bhutan). In order to appreciate the overall of effect of organizational climate upon self-perceived efficacy among Indian and Bhutanese teachers the average score of all the 69 items of the inventory by Kumar and Mutha for measuring self efficacy and Organizational Climate Inventory (OCI) developed by Chattopadhyay and Aggarwal (1976) for measuring Organizational Climate has been considered. Results revealed that there is relative contribution of organizational climate on self-perceived efficacy of teachers for India, Bhutan and jointly for both the countries. Study also indicates that the teachers belonging to the functional work climate of Bhutan not only are high in perceiving their self-perceived efficacy but are consistent in their approach. The scores between dysfunctional work climate and functional work differ significantly among both the countries. By applying Manova Technique, all results are insignificant regarding gender, urban/rural, schools /colleges, age, experience like variables.

The significance of identifying early non-cavitated carious lesions and monitoring the lesion extent has led to increasing prospects for prevention, early diagnosis, and implementation of conservative treatments for the accurate parameters of human teeth. The Harris algorithm was evaluated to measure the ability of different methods for measuring the parameters of teeth and in order to detect the corners of the teeth image, which were acquired by intra oral camera for oral cavity. The corner detector techniques is used with morphology open operation and median filtering and then segment the image by the threshold based on the gray value of the image

The study has examined the impact of mechanization on productivity. Mechanization in Indian agriculture started with the establishment of the Central Tractor Organization (CTO) mainly for land reclamation and development, mechanical cultivation. The production of irrigation pumps and diesel engines started during 1930s. The manufacture of tractors and power tillers started in 1960. Since then by the virtue of its inherent edge over the conventional means of farming, agricultural mechanization has been gaining popularity. The present study was conducted in Akola district of Vidarbha region for the period 2012-2013. From Akola district 5 tahsil were selected randomly i.e. Patur, Balapur, Akola, Akot and Murtizapur. For this study 6 villages were selected from each tahsil of Akola district, i.e total 30 villages selected. The mechanization development level changed in all selected villages over the study period i.e. on an average the composite index of mechanization in 1990 was 0.6757 and in 2013 it was 0.4430. The total contribution explained by mechanization was 10.70 percent in explaining crops productivity. It indicated that the indicators of mechanization contributed 10.70 per cent the productivity of crops.

Ports are the vehicles par excellence for transactions. Since time immemorial, ports have been gateways for the exchange of goods, people and ideas. River routes facilitated trade between different parts of the country. Boats carrying goods used to ply on the Indus and the Ganges. Some of the merchants had their own large boats. Maritime history is connected with the actions linked to the oceans and seas, for several eras’ right from the earliest times till date. Maritime history of India has been really very important in the development of trade enriching the economy of the country. The effectiveness of a port is important in international trade since a seaport is the nerve of foreign trade of a country. The sea ports of Sind played a key role in its history. They not only broke isolation of the country and brought it in to contact with remote countries but also promoted its business activities, developed its trade and industry, and provided opportunities to soak up the foreign culture.

ribal society is economically backward and inhabits hilly areas. Considering the proportion of tribals in the total population, India ranks fourth in the world. There are total 427 primitive tribes in India. This tribal tribe lives more or less in all the states of India. Out of 180 dialects of India, 996 languages are spoken in tribal communities. ' Who is the tribal? It is natural for a common man to ask the question of who should be called tribal. Adivasis are the inhabitants of regional origin who are far away from the Pragatnagara culture and remain isolated. Generally speaking, those who live sparsely in valleys, hilly forests are called Vanjati, Janjati, Vanvasi or Girijan. The culture of Avisi is unique in its customs. There is a kind of curious fear in educated society about tribals. There are many misconceptions about Adivasi due to Akich and fiction. Adivasis are generally believed to be clean, cannibals, cruel, open-minded people who believe in witchcraft. Adi means first, previous, original and those living in very remote areas who do not come in contact with other communities are tribals. Generally, the tribals live in remote areas such as Parvati and Dogral in Ranavan, Danyakhonya, which are far from the urban settlements. Tribals are known as Girijan, Vanvasi, Janjati.

Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) play a vital role for the growth of Indian economy by contributing 45% of industrial output and 40% of exports, employing 60 million people, creating 1.3 million jobs every year and producing more than 8,000 quality products for the Indian and international markets. The contribution of SMEs to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in 2011 was 17% and increased to 22% by 2012. There are approximately 30 million MSME units in India and 12 million persons are expected to join the workforce by 2015. "With the evolution of electronic commerce, globalization, consolidations, and intricate strategic alliances, companies will be challenged to do their work well". The competitive environment both domestically and overseas is pressing human resource (HR) professionals to bring adequately talented workers on board, while they themselves need to be competent at strategizing and partnering with a clear understanding of the organizational business. Managing HR presents significant challenges to any firm, but SMEs face unique challenges that stem largely from their size, with regard to the attraction and retention of employees which is clearly linked with the ability to offer a competitive benefits package. Research shows that managers of small firms lack training in formal personnel management practices and they do not consider the use of generally accepted HRM practices as essential for improving productivity. It was found in previous research that most of the medium scale enterprises have no formal HR department or exclusive person for this function. Therefore, the thrust of the research is to identify a group of HR practices adopted by few small and medium scale enterprises that reflect management innovation which aimed at improving organizational efficiency and productivity.

Antimony doped Cd0.7Ni0.3Se thin films have been synthesized by chemical bath deposition method. The various deposition parameters such as composition of reactive bath, pH of the solution, deposition temperature, deposition time, speed of rotation, etc. have been optimized for obtaining good quality films. X-ray diffraction studies revealed the polycrystalline nature of samples with the solid solution of Cd0.7Ni0.3Se:Sb, having a hexagonal phase structure. Scanning electron micrograph suggested that the films are homogenous, without cracks and well cover the glass substrate. Film composition was determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Optical absorption data showed the presence of direct band gap transition. The specific conductance of Cd0.7Ni0.3Se:Sb thin films for all the films was found to be of the order of 10-6 (Ω cm)-1.