India's independence rests on the self-reliance and self-sufficiency of millions of villages. The social, economic and cultural liberation of these villages is the true progress of the country. There is no independence without self-reliance. Gandhi knew this very well. By linking creative work with the freedom movement, the work of strengthening the rural economy and awakening socio-political consciousness was done. The foundation of creative work for the creation of an equality-based, just, sustainable and non-violent society was an important part of the freedom movement. Khadi and Village Industries had an important place in these. Khadi and Village Industries have been important keys to self-employment and employment opportunities and to strengthen the economy. The common people will contribute to the gross product of the country through work to every hand, production and service, this has been possible only through Khadi and Village Industries. Therefore, independence comes from self-reliance.

Khadi is an Indigenous product deeply rooted in Indian culture, lifestyle and environment. It has had a legacy since the Vedic period. It is an emotion instrumental in unifying the nation against colonial rule. With the evolution of time, Khadi transformed into different facets withstanding different challenges. Additionally, with government encouragement, Khadi is growing fast and becoming pivotal in enhancing the rural economy in all aspects. In this study, the author explores the traversing of Khadi from humble clothing to a new paradigm of fashion and the type of diversification it has gone into. This study explores the economic benefit and positive impact of Khadi on the environment. Khadi needs to be branded for its positive features. But some constraints are explored in this study. This study also suggested possible measures to take up Khadi to its logical position in the global scenario.

Gandhian influence has been empowering on the Indian women, including the Jain women. The paper explores the interconnection between religion, khadi and the space generated through Khadi especially for the Jain women. Khadi made the way for the empowerment of the Jain women in the modern India. The journey of the Jain women expanded beyond the Khadi. The space that Khadi provided them is the focus of the study.

Khadi is a National Fabric since the pre independence era of India which was commonly known as British India. In that phase it was noticed that British ruler use to exploit Indian people in every way. Mahatma Gandhi started the revolutionary action against British Rule in 1906 by the name of Satyagragh. It was then continued with several other movements including Essential of Self Rule (Swadeshi cha satkar). The movement gained momentum as wealthy Indians donated funds and land for Khadi and Gramodyog societies, fostering local cloth production. This movement extended to other village industries, aiming to make villages self-sufficient. Today, Khadi is count as a National Fabric of India. But the market penetration by Khadi is substantially less. The reason behind this can be the less awareness of the fabric in the market. The research shows that there is lack awareness of Khadi’s availability because of insufficient advertising by the marketers and merchandise.

Khadi is the National Cultural and Heritage original fabric of India. It used to be hand spun and Hand woven that help rural women and artisans. In spite of the heritage value, at present Khadi faces some challenges as majority of the people do not incorporate Khadi apparels as daily wear. This paper proposes to find the reasons for non-adoption of this fabric. This research emphasizes the necessity of integrating traditional khadi apparels into daily fashion and leveraging the e-commerce for this purpose. The study examines key aspects of challenges faced the youth and recommendations to incorporate the same by use of digital marketing, aiming to guide Khadi industries and institutions in incorporating online advertising and marketing strategies into their business models, highlighting the benefits of social media marketing platforms. Additionally, the paper explores the fundamental application of digitalization within the khadi sector.

This study investigates the role of Human Resource Management (HRM) in improving the employability, productivity, and innovation of traditional weavers in the weaving sector. To preserve the cultural craft while enhancing the livelihoods of artisans, the researcher explores how targeted HRM strategies can drive both social and economic benefits. Employing a qualitative approach, the study involves case studies to assess the impact of various HRM interventions. The research specifically focuses on training and development programs, such as specialized skills training, cross-generational mentoring, and the incorporation of digital tools. Findings reveal that HRM practices are crucial in bridging skill gaps, enhancing productivity, and fostering innovation. Specialized training helps weavers adapt to modern market demands, while cross-generational mentoring ensures the transfer of traditional knowledge. Additionally, the use of digital tools supports weavers in expanding their reach and improving efficiency. The study concludes that HRM interventions not only preserve traditional weaving techniques but also promote sustainable growth by improving the employability of weavers and encouraging innovation within the sector.

This research delves into the significant role of Khadi in promoting entrepreneurship development and employment generation in India, focusing on its historical and contemporary relevance. Khadi became a symbol of self-reliance during the Indian freedom struggle, advocated by Mahatma Gandhi to encourage the Swadeshi (local) movement and reduce dependency on foreign products. In the present day, Khadi continues to hold economic and cultural importance, particularly in rural areas, where it acts as a key driver for local industries and economic empowerment. The research investigates how Khadi has become a vital component of rural development, offering entrepreneurial opportunities to many individuals, especially those in disadvantaged communities such as women, tribal groups, and economically marginalized populations. By providing a low-cost and accessible business model, Khadi industries enable the creation of small-scale enterprises, which in turn foster self-reliance and reduce migration to urban centers for employment. This study highlights several aspects of Khadi’s contribution to employment generation. The Khadi and Village Industries Commission (KVIC), through various government policies and initiatives, has played a central role in supporting Khadi-related enterprises. Schemes like the Prime Minister’s Employment Generation Programme (PMEGP) have provided the financial backing necessary for the establishment and growth of numerous Khadi businesses, contributing significantly to local economies. However, the Khadi industry faces several challenges that limit its potential for growth. The research identifies issues such as the lack of modernization in production methods, competition from machine-made fabrics, and insufficient marketing strategies. Despite these hurdles, the eco- friendly nature of Khadi and its alignment with global trends toward sustainable development present significant opportunities for the future. Khadi’s hand-made production process, low carbon footprint, and promotion of local employment make it a powerful tool in the pursuit of inclusive economic growth and environmental sustainability. Through an analysis of case studies, government policies, and data on employment and entrepreneurship, this research uncovers the untapped potential of Khadi in shaping a sustainable and equitable economy in India. The paper concludes by suggesting that with adequate modernization and marketing improvements, Khadi can continue to play a pivotal role in generating employment and fostering entrepreneurial ventures, particularly in rural and semi- urban areas.

In India digitization has emerged as a transformative force across industries, including traditional sectors like Khadi. Khadi (also known as khaddar) is one of the vital segments of the Indian textiles sector. Khadi is a hand-woven natural fibre cloth. Khadi, a symbol of India's self-reliance and heritage, has faced challenges in keeping pace with modern technological advancements. By integrating computers and digital ICT tools in manufacturing, production, and selling processes, the Khadi industry has the potential to enhance productivity, ensure quality, and expand market access. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) tools present opportunities to enhance the efficiency, quality, and market reach of Khadi products into global market. This study investigates the adoption and impact of ICT tools in the manufacturing and selling processes of Khadi products in India. The role of digitization in the Khadi sector, focusing on its benefits, challenges and future potential. Research also examines how ICT influences productivity, market expansion, and the sustainability of the Khadi industry.

This study investigates the price sensitivity of young adults towards Khadi garments, an iconic symbol of India’s independence and self-reliance movement. In recent years, Khadi garments have gained attention among the youth, particularly those inclined towards sustainable and eco- friendly fashion. However, despite the increasing awareness of sustainable fashion, price remains a significant factor influencing consumer purchase behavior. This research, based on a survey of 132 young adults, explores how price impacts the purchasing decisions of this demographic. The study identifies key factors influencing price sensitivity, such as perceived quality, brand perception, and income levels. The results suggest that young adults are moderately price- sensitive but are willing to pay a premium for Khadi products that align with their values of sustainability and quality. This paper provides insights into potential marketing strategies for Khadi brands to improve their appeal to young consumers.

Khadi is a thread, which connects both the ancient and new era. Khaddar was the previously known name for khadi clothing. Khadi gained prominence during India's freedom struggle, championed by Mahatma Gandhi as a symbol of resistance against British rule. Gandhi encouraged Indians to spin their own yarn and wear Khadi to boycott British goods, making it a tool for economic and social empowerment. Khadi became a symbol of Swadeshi (self-reliance) and unity during this period. Today, Khadi is count as a National Fabric of India. But it is losing visibility among people especially youth due to limited awareness and promotion. This survey seeks to understand how awareness and availability of khadi can be enhanced, and how its promotion can boost the economy.

Derived from the term ‘khaddar’, khadi is a handspun and hand-woven cotton cloth, which became one of the symbols of India’s freedom struggle. Khadi is spun using a charkha or an Indian spinning wheel. So like the khadi, the charkha also became a prominent icon on the Indian national flag designed in the 1930s. In recent times, the Khadi industry has faced several challenges, including competition from cheaper, machine-made textiles and a lack of innovation. To address these challenges, a new wave of entrepreneurs is reimagining Khadi, infusing it with contemporary design and sustainable practices. One such pioneering initiative is ‘re-Charkha - The Ecosocial Tribe’, a social enterprise that is revolutionizing the Khadi industry through upcycling. Present research paper is an attempt to understand the uniqueness of the initiatives of ‘re-Charkha - The Ecosocial Tribe’-a social enterprise and explore potential philosophical traits of the khadi movement.

The objective of the research paper on Khadi and Bharatiya (Indian) Philosophy is to relates the power of the country. Khadi develops different types of clothes made from cotton, wool and silk. Khadi and Philosophy is connected with culture and tradition. Which is directly connected to economy, environment and employment. To maintain culture, tradition, economy, environment and employment it has to bring in the main stream of education. In philosophy it is called vyavaharika knowledge. In our country, Bharat the khadi clothes have been changed from last 190 years. They were force to stop all the industry and buy the foreign cloths at high rate. Awareness of all slavery was there but they could not decide it, Because absence of knowledge (Philosophy). Even the Bhartiya teachers, administrators, ministers, Businessman could not decide about the coming situation but still, they are doing their duties. The focus of Khadi and Bharatiya (Indian) Philosophy is to develop the physical, senseological, psychological, intellectual concept of Swadeshi. This journey of Khadi – Expanding Horizons from Self-reliance to Progress in Bharat is physical, senseological, psychological, intellectual is about bondage. Where bondage is due to humanness or oneness.

This study undertakes an in-depth exploration of college students' preferences for Khadi products, with a keen focus on the various factors that shape their purchasing behaviors, perceptions, and attitudes toward this traditional Indian fabric. Khadi, celebrated for its handwoven craftsmanship, is not only a textile but a symbol intricately tied to India’s rich cultural heritage and commitment to sustainability. Despite its historical significance, the allure of Khadi among younger consumers remains under-examined, necessitating a closer look into their preferences. The research aims to assess the value college students place on Khadi, considering elements such as its sustainability, the ethical production processes involved, its cultural significance, practicality in everyday use, affordability, and its relevance in current fashion trends. To gather meaningful data, a survey methodology is employed, reaching out to students from diverse academic disciplines. This structured questionnaire aims to capture a spectrum of insights into their levels of awareness, purchasing habits, and personal preferences regarding Khadi clothing and accessories. Additionally, the study delves into the impact of socioeconomic backgrounds, brand perceptions, and environmental considerations on students' choices and purchasing decisions. The outcomes reveal notable patterns in the acceptance of Khadi among the youth, identifying both challenges that need addressing and opportunities that exist for these products within the youth market. Ultimately, the findings offer valuable insights for manufacturers, retailers, and policymakers striving to position Khadi as a sustainable and fashionable alternative to mass-produced textiles. This research not only enhances the understanding of Khadi's relevance in contemporary consumer culture but also sheds light on its significant influence on the sustainable fashion choices made by today’s young people. striving to position Khadi as a sustainable and fashionable alternative to mass-produced textiles. This research not only enhances the understanding of Khadi's relevance in contemporary consumer culture but also sheds light on its significant influence on the sustainable fashion choices made by today’s young people.

Khadi, the handspun fabric that became an emblem of the Indian independence movement, is a symbol of cultural, political, and social significance. Its presence in Indian cinema, however, goes beyond mere costume design. Khadi functions as a "character" in its own right—speaking to identity, heritage, resistance, and moral values. This paper examines how Khadi is used in Indian films not just as a material object, but as a narrative tool to deepen storytelling, define characters, and evoke cultural symbols. It explores its historical significance, the evolution of its representation in Indian cinema, and its role in contemporary films. Through a multidisciplinary approach, this research highlights the powerful symbolism of Khadi, demonstrating how filmmakers use it to reflect and critique social, political, and historical contexts.

Khadi, a unique hand-spun and hand-woven fabric, embodies the convergence of India's rich cultural heritage, its political struggle for independence and modern-day economic sustainability. Historically, khadi played a pivotal role in Mahatma Gandhi’s Swadeshi movement, symbolizing self-reliance and resistance against British colonial rule. It united the nation through the act of spinning, which became both a political statement and a way to empower rural communities. Today, khadi has transformed from a political symbol into a modern emblem of sustainable fashion. Its hand-made, eco-friendly production processes align with global efforts to promote environmentally responsible practices. Khadi supports rural artisans by providing employment, fostering rural development and encouraging green skilling, which includes organic farming and traditional weaving techniques. Its minimal carbon footprint and use of local, natural resources also position it as a key contributor to the global green economy. This evolution reflects khadi's enduring relevance as both a cultural icon and a sustainable industry.

Khadi, a traditional handwoven fabric, is an iconic symbol of India's cultural heritage and sustainability. Traditionally, Khadi products were sold through limited channels such as government-run stores and exhibitions, restricting their market reach. The rise of e-commerce, however, has provided Khadi producers with a platform to expand their market beyond physical outlets. Online marketplaces such as Amazon, Flipkart, and dedicated Khadi portals have enabled producers to connect with a broader consumer base, both domestically and internationally, thereby enhancing the visibility and sales of Khadi products. This study examines the role of E-Commerce in boosting the sales and visibility of Khadi. The research examines secondary data, case studies, and content analysis to explore how online platforms have contributed to the growth of Khadi. The findings reveal that E-Commerce has significantly increased market access and consumer awareness, while also identifying challenges that Khadi producers face in the digital space.

Khadi is aptly compared to the mythical कल्पतरू, the wish-fulfilling tree, as it nurtures, sustains, and inspires on multiple levels. Like the कल्पतरू, khadi offers countless benefits, symbolizing sustainability, inclusivity, and resilience. Khadi is not merely a fabric; it is a profound representation of India’s cultural heritage. It’s threads Rooted in traditional practices, khadi reflects India’s commitment to self-reliance, social justice, and environmental stewardship. This paper explores khadi through three significant dimensions. First, the thread symbolizes sustainability and self-sufficiency, highlighting khadi’s low-energy production methods, use of local resources, and contribution to a circular economy. It challenges the fast fashion industry’s disposable ethos and serves as a statement of cultural pride and ecological responsibility. Second, the practice of सुतकताई (spinning) embodies inclusivity and mindfulness. Historically open to all genders, castes, and classes, it fosters a sense of unity and purpose. Spinning is not just economic empowerment, especially for marginalized groups, but also a meditative act that connects individuals to themselves and their communities. Finally, the चरखा (spinning wheel) stands as a timeless symbol of India’s independence and resilience. Central to the Swadeshi movement, it empowered Indians to resist colonial exploitation, emphasizing self-reliance and national pride. It also spotlighted women’s pivotal roles in the freedom struggle and economic development.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the significance of Khadi as a viable means of subsistence in rural India, with a particular focus on its historical roots in the Indian independence movement as well as its contemporary relevance. It discusses the role of banks in promoting village industries and handicrafts through financial inclusion, highlighting recent economic and welfare challenges faced by the Khadi industry. The analysis integrates various perspectives on financial inclusion, the socio-economic impact of Khadi, and the banking sector's strategies to enhance rural livelihoods. According to the findings, it is essential for various stakeholders to work together in order to revitalize the Khadi sector and ensure that it can continue to exist in spite of the challenges that the modern economy confronts.

Khadi, a traditional fabric deeply rooted in India's independence movement, has evolved into a significant driver of entrepreneurial growth and employment in the modern era. Emphasizing sustainability and eco-friendly practices, khadi-based enterprises are rejuvenating rural economies by empowering artisans through skill development and job creation. This study examines the role of khadi in promoting entrepreneurship, particularly among marginalized communities, and its potential to stimulate local economies. Using a qualitative case study approach, the research analyzes the financial performance, societal impact, and challenges faced by khadi startups. Key findings highlight the opportunities for expanding Khadi’s reach through digital platforms and international markets, despite obstacles like limited market access and competition from mass-produced textiles. Ultimately, khadi emerges as not only a cultural emblem but also a sustainable business model that fosters inclusive growth, innovation, and resilience in the textile industry. Despite challenges such as limited market access and competition from mass-produced textiles, khadi stands as a testament to the integration of tradition and innovation, fostering inclusive growth, cultural preservation, and resilience in the textile industry.

E-books are an essential part of digital learning. We shall try to explore the potential of e-books as a tool for enhancing English language and literature learning and promoting environmental sustainability. This paper reviews myriad studies that compare the effects of e-books and print books on reading comprehension, listening skills, vocabulary development, motivation, and interest of students. It also examines the environmental impact of e-books and print books in terms of greenhouse gas emissions, carbon footprint, and material consumption. It concludes that e-books have several advantages over print books in terms of learning outcomes and ecological benefits, but also acknowledges the limitations and challenges of e-books in different contexts.

The word ‘Khadi’ is synonymous with our Independence struggle, needing to ascertain our Indianness and capability of being swadeshi in the British Raj. Khadi, though a simple hand woven fabric made by our local artisans, has gained prominence in the 21st century. It is garnering much attention for its simplistic nature, sustainability quotient and versatility. The world of fashion has rightly recognized the potential of khadi fabric and are creating a brand value for the same. Positive attempts are underway to bring khadi to the masses by utilizing mass media, setting retail outlets at local levels, participating in exhibitions and shows, delivering talks and conducting workshops to enlighten people about charkha spinning. This paper aims to explore the changing dynamics of man and khadi fabric through the decades. It will further attempt to find out how much of an impact The Khadi and Village Industries Commission (KVIC) has had in promoting local artisans and connecting them to fashion houses and industries. It aims to understand the benefits and opportunities our country stands to capitalize on with the growth of popularity of this humble clothing material.

Khadi: The Fabric of India's Freedom, Evolution, and Cultural Legacy holds immense significance as it embodies the spirit of India's struggle for independence and self-reliance. Initially promoted by Mahatma Gandhi as a tool for economic empowerment and a symbol of resistance against British colonial rule, Khadi transcended its role as merely a fabric to become a powerful emblem of national pride. Its promotion encouraged millions to abandon foreign goods and embrace local craftsmanship, fostering a sense of unity and identity among diverse communities. The fabric’s handspun and handwoven nature not only supports traditional artisans but also symbolizes the dignity of labor and the resilience of rural economies. In contemporary times, Khadi has evolved into a sought-after sustainable and eco-friendly material, aligning with modern values of ethical consumption and environmental consciousness. As it gains popularity in the global fashion industry, Khadi represents a fusion of tradition and modernity, showcasing India's rich cultural heritage while adapting to contemporary aesthetics. The ongoing initiatives by the government and various organizations to promote Khadi ensure that it continues to play a vital role in empowering artisans, preserving traditional crafts, and contributing to rural development. Ultimately, Khadi remains a potent reminder of India's journey towards independence and a testament to the enduring legacy of its cultural identity.

The rising popularity of sustainable and eco-friendly fashion has brought traditional fabrics like Khadi into the spotlight. However, despite its historical and cultural significance, Khadi apparel struggles to gain popularity among Gen Z- a demographic known for its evolving preferences and influence on market trends. Understanding the barriers that hinder their purchase decision is crucial in today’s context, where bridging the gap between tradition and modern consumer expectations can redefine Khadi’s role in the global fashion industry. While a variety of garments, including salwar suits, shirts and skirts, are crafted from Khadi fabric. Still, in the present time, many people have an outdated reputation about the khadi and give very little consideration to it. Thus, this study aims to assess awareness about khadi among Gen Z and also understand the barriers hindering the purchase decision of Khadi apparel. A sample of 119 respondents from Gen Z, aged 12- 27 years, from Thane region was selected for the study. This study explores these barriers, provides insights to help reposition Khadi as a desirable, accessible and relevant choice for the younger generation.