The Startup is not a new concept; it exists right from the first industrial policy. The private entrepreneur has been encouraged to establish industrial units. However, the startup India initiated by the present government, to encourage new generation to enter into the production/manufacturing/trading activities. According to this initiative there are many opportunities for the young generation to startup with their new ideas. To facilitate the growth of startups and provide encouragement, Startup India initiative was announced on 15th August, 2015. This initiative has rolled out several programs with the objectives of supporting entrepreneurs, and transforming India into a country of job creators instead of job seekers and also provide 19-point action plan to promote Startup India initiative. The research proposes to find opportunities and challenges of Startup India initiative with reference to Gujarat and Maharashtra and suggest measures to solve issues and challenges of Startups in India.

The Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) is regarded to be one of the apex organizations for enhancing the growth of our country. Various measurements and policies are introduced by the government from time to time to promote the MSME sector. The initiative of ‘Start-up India’ has immensely contributed to the growth of MSMEs in our country. The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the normal life and has affected multiple industries and sector impacting the overall Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of our country.

The present higher education scenario in some HEIs in India is as “the teacher doesn’t know why he is teaching” and the student doesn’t know “why he is learning”. OBE is the solution to this teaching-learning gap that is formed, mainly due to “mass” education trend, where every average or below average, middle-class student is expected to graduate in a particular discipline irrespective of the passion or interest of that student. The implementation of NEP 2020, has stressed on Outcome Based Education model, where the focus is shifted from the “teacher’s teaching” to the “students’ learning”. In 2018, the number of autonomous colleges affiliated to University of Mumbai was just 17 (out of the 791 affiliated colleges). In 2021, the number increased to 46, Maharashtra State has 122 autonomous colleges, of which the most, of around 38% are from University of Mumbai. With flexibility in designing the curriculum and assessment and the implementation of NEP 2020, these autonomous colleges have the responsibility of taking the students to higher cognitive domain. The curriculum needs to be comprehensive, dynamic and also flexible so as to bring the students up to the targeted ability or skill or competence. The diversity of the student community in terms of different learning styles, strategies and pace have to be catered to by the HEIs. The relationship of the stakeholders of HEI’s has shifted from teacher-student to trainer-trainee to facilitator-participant. From statement of marks to grade-cards to CO level attainment card, the latest being the most meaningful and elaborate in judging the student’s learning, that is the future of HEIs for a developing nation like India.

Indian economy is a developing economy. Micro Finance programmes play very significant role for boosting entrepreneurial activities for creating productive assets coupled with employment generation. Government spends crores of rupees through various financing schemes to boost Indian economy. Indian Population is characterized with low standard of living , inequality, low income and illiteracy. To boost Indian Economy and Entrepreneurial skills Government has came up with Micro finance schemes through various institutions for Entrepreneurial Growth and Development. However lack of awareness of Micro Finance schemes among the major portion of Indian Population has led to slow growth in development of Industries, Agriculture, Trade and other related activities. To achieve the socio economic objective and making formal banking sector accessible to poor people various micro finance schemes has been introduced by Government. These schemes puts credit, savings and other financial services within the reach of poor people. This paper deals with role of Micro finance in India and its models.

Small and Medium Enterprises SMEs are the core of economic growth and development in every country. They constitute a dominant player in the industrial landscape of most countries including India. The current study uses secondary data to assess the depth of impact of the two biggest crises of the 21st century – the Global Financial Crisis (2008-09) and the Covid-19 pandemic (2020-21). Secondary data reveals that Covid-19 has had a far stronger and deeper impact on Indian MSMEs relative to the GFC mainly due to the synchronicity of impact across the globe and across sectors due to the Covid-19 onslaught. While GFC was an exogenous shock to India limited to the financial sector, the Covid-19 had an exogenous trigger which imploded within. The twin demand and supply shock nature of the Covid-19 crisis exacerbated the woes of the real sector. The prevailing economic landscape at the time of Covid-19 was grim which reduced the shock absorption capability of the world economy in general and Indian economy in particular. Re-skilling MSMEs, periodic business monitoring using scenario analysis and conduct of stress tests are submissions made in this study to overcome the sitting duck syndrome in future.

Sustainability education is crucial in preparing the next generation for a sustainable future. College students are particularly important as they are future leaders and influencers. However, effective teaching-learning frameworks for sustainability education are required to achieve this goal. This research paper explores the development of a teaching-learning framework for college students in Mumbai that promotes sustainable growth. The paper discusses the concept of sustainability education, its importance, and challenges, followed by an analysis of the current state of sustainability education in Mumbai. Based on this analysis, a teaching-learning framework is proposed that aims to promote sustainability literacy, critical thinking, and problem-solving skills among college students. The framework is designed to empower students to become leaders in sustainable development. The paper concludes that developing a teaching-learning framework for sustainability education is essential for achieving sustainable growth in Mumbai and beyond.

Finance for SME evaluation is very essential as day by day enhancements of SME will have a positive impact towards the financial health of the economy. SMS have a lot of unsolved issues. SMEs are one of the biggest supports to solving problems of rural and urban economic development and are a catalyst of economic growth. It affects the financial health and wellbeing of the nation. However SMEs have succeeded with some good lending options. There is a mix of options available for SMEs effective practices and smooth operation. Hence evaluation is essential to understand finance for SME. This detailed Evaluation is aimed at analyzing the impact of Finance for SME from Ghatkopar to Thane Region in Maharashtra State.

Personal finance relates to the financial needs and the ways to meet that need. It includes savings, investments, planning to meet certain financial goals we need to lead our life in more comfortable way. Personal finance caters to the priority among the individuals for assured comfortable life. Personal Finance deal with management of funds earned. Keeping in mind the income sources and necessary savings, spending list has to be decided. Familywise financial planning differs. Personal Finance plays a vital role that decides the standard of living of a person and his family.

Start-up is a new concept which is gaining quite popularity among young and mid aged population of India. The reasons for growing start-ups in India is, Indian population including males and females are willing to become selfreliant and independent while fulfilling their dreams are another motives to start a owned business venture, as we all know that growth prospects in a service or job are comparatively mediocre, people are moving towards the idea of coming with a small or medium size start up business in their nearby vicinity. To start a small venture may not be difficult, but the difficulty arises later on after the few years of operating that small or mid-size business, where people are not able to sustain their venture for a long period of time due to increasing competition and changing needs of the customer, it is observed that most of the start-ups fail and take an exit from the market within 4 to 5 five years after starting, as they are not able to accumulate funds to continue the business, the reason is that in starting period the income is less, most of the businesses are running on break even point and even few on losses, due to which after few years they are short of refinancing capital to keep the business running as retained earnings are hardly saved. To make these new start-ups sustain and survive for a longer period of time there are few refinancing schemes which are launched by government of India for the capital benefit and other training needs of the young entrepreneurs to imbibe more entrepreneurship skills among the Indian population and motivate them for settling themselves through a entrepreneurship venture as an option for earning income and also to fulfil the needs of the society, one such initiative of government is “Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana” which was launched in the year 2015 by the current Prime Minister of India Mr. Narendra Modi. The motive of this study is to know that, are people residing in Dombivli- Kalyan and nearby areas aware about Mudra Yojana and other such refinancing schemes launched by Indian government and the challenges and requirements for their new start-ups.

This research focuses on the importance of start-up incubators on nation-building by fostering the growth and development of new businesses. startup incubators provide support and resources for the early stages companies, including mentorship, office space, and access to funding. They can have a significant impact on the success of startups by helping them to overcome common challenges such as lack of experience, networks, and funding. However, incubators can also present challenges for startups, such as intense resources and pressure to achieve milestones quickly. Additionally, incubators may not be a good fit for every startup, as they may have different needs and goals.

Capital Asset Pricing Model is developed by William Sharpe and John Lintner after understanding the various drawbacks in the Modern Portfolio Theory. Generally, investors do not consider the fundamentals and the strategies while investing and hence do not get the expected returns. The purpose of this study is to provide the judgements about the stock returns by comparing the performance of the stocks in the Indian stock market by applying the CAPM model. The study covered monthly data of Indian companies for 5 year period from 2017 to 2022. The year 2022 was not considered as it was abnormal and outlier year. Jensen’s Alpha was used to identify the best stocks. Actual and expected returns were compared to judge the securities and accordingly make the investment decisions. The study found that both the models gives similar results for the sampled stocks except for one. On the whole, the CAPM model could satisfactorily explain the risk-return relationship in the Indian Stock market.