Surface-contact temperature measurement technology is very successful, but the survey on the non-contact temperature measurement technology is also relatively less. Based on MLX90614, this system surveyed and analyzed a noncontact temperature measurement system, which uses embedded hardware platform Atmega328 and the system applies embedded IIC (Inter-Integrated Circuit) bus module's communication procedure and control methods. Experimental analysis of survey show that the system is of high stability, speed, and precision. The system may be widely used in many applications such as fault diagnosis, performance testing, etc.

India’s, ‘The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act 2009’, is a land mark in history. India has the largest number of working children in the world and schooling is seen as the most effective way to combat this intergenerational cycle poverty and violation of child rights. For elementary education, in India, many challenges lie in its existing structures of education. In many states, the state governments, or the municipal authorities provide only a limited part of elementary education cycle. The remaining part is often provided by a different stratum of government, and often by govt. aided and private schools. At present, meeting even the minimum norms poses a challenge for many of the states, and efforts are underway at the highest levels to make available the resources that would enable these states to respect the rights of the child to education.

Coal is India’s most abundant resource, and it will continue to play a pivotal role in the country over the upcoming decades. There currently exist in India 82 coal-fired power plants. Fly ash is, alone, a waste product and its responsible disposal poses a huge problem. From each power station, thousands of tons of fly ash are pumped into the ash ponds in the form of slurry (fly ash mixed with water) every day; these ponds occupy thousands of hectares of agricultural land all over India. Kolaghat Thermal Power Station (KTPS) is the second largest thermal power station in West Bengal. Huge amount of ash from this plant is disposed off in surrounding land and water bodies leading to air, water and soil pollution. Overflow of pond ash towards residential areas is causing unnecessary human exposure and has serious health risks due to the high content of heavy metals. The villagers are even more affected when monsoon season begins, as the ash is deposited in the fields and farmers use ash-laden water to irrigate. This has an adverse affect on agricultural productivity and blocks the drainage system. Proper management of fly ash is required to avoid environmental disasters in near future.

You work hard to develop your specific sport skills. You would not be a member of a Vanderbilt athletic team if you were not exceptional at your sport. You also spend time developing strength and cardiovascular conditioning. If you skipped your workouts and practice sessions, you would not stay a member of your team for very long. Nutrition is another part of your training. If you don’t work at healthy eating, you are missing an opportunity to enhance and improve your performance. Do athletes need to follow a special diet? No, but they need to follow the basic guidelines for healthy eating with more discipline compared to a non-athlete. Proper nourishment everyday will provide adequate energy (carbohydrate and fat), protein, vitamins, minerals, and water; all of which are essential for good health and athletic performance.

The Neo-Vaiṣṇavite Sattras of Assam grew and developed in 15th-19th centuries can be regarded as a local variant of the modern museum and archive because of the way they fostered, preserved and archived traditional artefacts and accessories of various types. These holy Sattras of Assam have always been zealous repositories of a traditional distinctive culture with an emphasis on the arts, both performing and the visual. Under the four walls of these scores of Neo-Vaiṣṇavite Sattras developed and cultivated performing art and various forms of minor art and crafts which were based on spiritual ideologies that moved beyond the borders of Assam bringing in its wake not only a flow of ideas but also a circulation of painters, artiste and materials goods. It has evolved a wide range of different practices including preparation of colours, dyes, brushes, clay pots and different types of traditional and locally developed accessories. In devotional Assamese theatre or plays popularly called bhāonā where devotees does not distinguish between art and religion, but, rather, fails to find one without the other

Margaret E. Cousins was an ardent worker for the Suffrage in England and contributed to the awakening of India and to her rights as a great nation. She was one of the women pioneers who not only worked in the field of Political reform but contributed valuably in the field of Educational reform for women as well. Paraphrasing Emerson’s saying “ The world is a symbol, in the whole and in all its parts”, Margaret E. Cousins, once famously pronounced that “India is a paradox, in the whole and in all its parts”. She thus understood the Indian social reality. Mixing with the life of the Indian people in their homes, in festivals, in politics, among the rich and poor and all castes and communities, Cousins found such gentle character, such nuances of refinement, such inherent intelligence, such response to traditional art and culture, that it was difficult for her to realize that India had the lowest percentage of literacy in the world.1 She found that India had the fewest number of its youth in schools and colleges, and the fewest literate adults of any civilized nation on the face of the earth. She found that in the official Education Report of 1838, there existed then in Bengal and Bihar as many as 100,000 schools, that is one school for every 400 children. In 1912 G.K. Gokhale stated that there was at that time only one school for every six villages in India. By 1930, there were only 5 literate women in Bihar out of every thousand Bihari women. In the year 1941, Cousins estimated that only 5000 odd institutions in India were intended solely for the education of girls.Thus the condition of women’s education was abominable.

Corporatization of universities is a widespread phenomenon that encourages universities to thrive without public funding. With corporatization, universities that enjoy public funding are likely to see a drastic cut in the funding sources. Ideally, this major reduction in public funding should be compensated by private funding sources. By implication, the public universities will need to come at par with the private universities in terms of managing student expectations. In UK, Lord Browne’s education review team clearly states: “We are relying on student choice to drive up quality. Students will control a much larger proportion of the investment in higher education. They will decide where the funding should go; and institutions will compete to get it. As students will be paying more than the current system, they will demand more in return.” (Willetts, 2011)

The present paper aimed at studying coping strategies used by male and female secondary school teachers from different streams of teaching with different years of experience. 750 teachers of Govt. secondary schools of Punjab from four districts namely Mohali, Patiala, Ropar and Fatehgarh sahib were selected randomly for the purpose. The ways of coping questionnaire by Folkman and lazarus (1988) was used to assess the coping strategies used by the secondary school teachers of Punjab. The findings of the study revealed that teachers from mathematics and science streams use ‘Planful problem solving’ strategy for coping stress followed by ‘Seeking Social support’ strategy whereas, teachers from other streams of teaching prefer to use ‘Seeking Social support’ strategy for coping stress followed by ‘Self Controlling’. It was also found that ‘Seeking social support’ strategy to combat stress has been the most widely used strategy for teachers irrespective of gender, different years of experience and different streams of teaching.

"In this paper we will focus on mathematics and its development in ancient India, China and different other countries specifically in different centuries starting from thirteen centuries to twentieth century’s". When we attempt to define "Mathematics", we find ourselves encircled by unexpected limitations, and these limitations are still more in evidence when we change the term to "elementary mathematics". If mathematics mean that the abstract science which investigates deductively the conclusions implicit in the elementary conceptions of spatial and numerical relation". Seeking to tell the story of the genesis of mathenatics even before the period in which the science began to exist such a procedure will lead us back not only to the days when the human race was young but to the ages immediately antedating its appearances upon the eann and even further. If one should wish to reach an absolute zero from which to begain his narrative, he would soon find himself last in a maze of perplexities

Inter-faith relations mean cordial and meaningful relationship among different religious communities. It includes understanding the faith and practices of others, appreciating the good elements in their culture and valuing the contribution of the people of other faiths towards establishing peace and harmony, restoring justice and the rights of people, and working together for the welfare and equality of all. Religions play an important role in building the nation. Religions are not merely limited to an individuals' faith or set of beliefs and performing rituals. They are closely linked to society, and influence its culture and customs. Religions are powerful in changing the lives of individuals and communities for better or for worse. Leaders of different religions can teach and lead the people to believe and observe superstitions and practise human sacrifices, sati, caste and racial discriminations. They even promote religious and social oppressions. Some of them flare up riots and conflicts between communities and fuel violence and bloodshed. Religions, thus, can threaten the peace and harmony among people and even destroy communities. On the other hand, religions can build a society by teaching good values, liberating people from all sorts of religious, social, and economic oppressions and bringing peace and harmony among communities within a nation. Many of us do not understand the positive and negative power of religions when used by their leaders or politicians for their own gain. A systematic study of religions at home, schools, colleges and the workplace can help the people to know the merits and demerits of religions and to meet the need of building better relations among faith communities

In India, woman is often referred to as Ardhangani since she constitutes half of the body of man. In basic ethos a woman was regarded as Jagat Janani (creator of the human race) embodiement of cosmic energy, mistress of home, and as a companion in the pilgrimage towards God realization. She is the first of the divinities to demand worship Matru Devo Bhava, Guru Nanak observed, why should she be condemned when she has given birth to kings and emperors. But the mortal woman did not benefit from the above epithets. Gandhi’s basic ideas on women’s right were equality in some spheres and opportunities for self development and self realization. He believed that ‘woman is the companion of man, gifted with equal mental capacities, and realized that her contemporary subordinate position was the result of domination by man.

The Indian Society has been divided in the varna system and caste hierarchy. The lower castes have been reduced to an insignificant status in the Indian social system, so they have been facing discrimination and inhuman treatment by the upper castes which has been degrading them for ages. In fact, the first article of Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) of United Nations states that, “all human beings are equal in dignity and rights and they are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood”. UIt unites all human beings in one chain and sees them at one level but the Indian peculiar caste system has created division and inequality among human beings. The Indian caste system has deprived Dalits of their human dignity and treated them with inferiority and contempt. In 19th century, the social reformers like Mahatma Jyotirao Phule and Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar played the crucial role to awaken the conscience of the society. They devoted their entire life to bring justice to the lower castes people who were trapped in the mire of this caste system. They fought with the caste society so that all could live as human beings with dignity and rights and in brotherhood. Mahatma Gandhi called the people of the lower castes as Harijans, and tried to eradicate the caste system and create a sense of unity. He took to satyagraha for caste reforms, and in his later period he did advocate inter-caste marriages. Untouchability is legally banned in India since independence in 1947, but it is still being rampantly practiced in various forms. In the post-independent era inspired by Dr. B R Ambedkar, many men of letters have been expressed their agonies, struggle, suffering, and exploitation in their writings; one of them Omprakash Valmiki has written his memoir ‘Joothan’ in Hindi, which is later, translated in English as ‘Joothan’: A Dalit’s Life’. In this autobiography, he discusses how lower caste have to endure suffering while living as an untouchable in the Indian caste society. This paper attempts to look at the concerns raised by the narrator through his memoir. Omprakash Valmiki has been well known as a pioneer of Dalit writings in Hindi. He has acknowledged that he has been inspired by the writings of Dr. Ambedkar, Marathi Dalit literary movement and the Dalit Panther.

India’s, Emotional Intelligence has of recent been suggested as a critical factor in adjustment to life in general and to work and work performance in particular (Goleman, 1995; 1998).The present study aims to investigate the relationship between emotional intelligence and adjustment. For this purpose a randomly selected sample of 60 adolescent females (age group between 18-21 yrs) enrolled for different undergraduate programmes from Mumbai were selected. The study is a correlational one in which emotional intelligence stands as independent variable & adjustment as dependent variable. Emotional Intelligence Inventory by Dr. S.K.Mangal and Adjustment Inventory for College Students by Singh and Sinha were administered to the total sample.The scores were subjected to Pearson Product Moment Correlation and further Regression analysis was done using SPSS (version 19).The results obtained indicated significant relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Adjustment