In India economic growth make it possible for expansion of productive employment and generation of resources, which are vital to support any form of intervention for eradication of poverty. This paper study that poverty reduction has been the over riding objective of development planning in India and since 1991 India has undertaken trade reforms, financial sector reforms, and removal of controls, which primarily were introduced with the objective of improving efficiency and productivity to accelerate growth. The ultimate objective of such reforms was ensuring the expeditious eradication of poverty. Satisfactory precaution was taken to protect the poorer sections of the society against the short-term effects of these changes. This was done mainly through increased allocation of resources for programmes for poor in the national plan and sharpening the focus of such programmes on the poor. According to the Brundtland report sustainable development means the development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Widespread poverty is an enduring problem and poverty alleviation has been a key component in development strategies over the past 50 years. In India for poverty reduction most programmes are implemented at the block/village level, where local bodies and Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) play a significant role together with NGOs. The enactment of the 73rd and 74th Amendments of the Constitution have provided a framework for decentralization of governance and local participation in the formulation and implementation of plans for economic development and social justice including environmental protection and provision of basic services like water supply, sanitation and solid waste management.

Entrepreneurship amongst women has been a recent occasion. Women have become aware their rights and their work situation. However, women of the middle class are not too eager to alter their role in fear of social backlash. The process is more visible among upper class families in urban cities. This paper focuses on women entrepreneur. Any understanding of Indian women of their identity, and, especially of their role taking and breaking new paths, will be incomplete without a walk down the corridors of Indian history where women have paused, lived and internalized various role models. Some have taken entrepreneurship roles where some have opted for employment, some in entertainment field and some for leadership roles while millions of others have taken the role of ideal stereotyped social roles. The paper slides from the era of fifties to 21st centuries and how transformation has occurred in the women roles. Also the paper talks about the status of women entrepreneurs and the problems faced by them when they ventured out to carve their own niche in the competitive world of business environment.

Kolkata Port is a Riverine port in the city of Kolkata, India, located around 203 km from the sea. It is the oldest operating port in India and was constructed by the British East India Company. In the 19th century Kolkata Port was the premier port in British India. After independence the volume of throughput has started declining and its importance decreased because of factors including the Partition of Bengal (1947), silting of Hugli River, changes in trade, development of rail transportation, reduction in size of the port hinterland, economic stagnation in eastern India etc. Due to the constraints of the river (like silting, sandbars etc.) no seagoing vessel above 200 Gross Register Tonnage (GRT) is allowed to navigate without a qualified pilot of the Kolkata Port Trust. This paper aims to find out the causes of decline and suggests some recommendations for future development of the port.

Interactive whiteboards affect learning in several ways, including raising the level of student engagement in a classroom, motivating students and promoting enthusiasm for learning. Interactive whiteboards support many different learning styles and are used in a variety of learning environments which includes not only catering to students with special needs but also for routine classroom environment. Many researches worldwide shows that the whiteboards helps educators streamline their preparation, be more efficient in their Information and Communication Technology (ICT) integration and also increase their productivity overall other than making learning joyful for the learners. This paper investigates the effectiveness of interactive white board technology on the academic achievement of teacher trainees. The sample of the study consisted of 100 students from a co- educational institute of teacher training in Delhi. The study employed quasi- experimental pre- test, post- test control group design with two groups namely; control group and experimental group. Students were randomly divided into two groups of 50 students each. One group was randomly assigned as experimental group and the other group as control group. Students in the experimental group received instructions through the interactive boards installed in the classrooms, while the control group students received instructions through traditional teaching. t- test was employed to test the significance of mean difference in post- test scores of both the groups. The results revealed that there exists significant difference in the mean scores of experimental group and control group. Students in the experimental group scored significantly higher than the students in control group. It was also observed that even though the students were either graduates or post graduates, still they were highly motivated and excited about this unconventional way of learning. They felt much more at ease and were found to be more participatory in the classroom activity which made learning joyful for them.

The third battle of Panipat was the greatest blow to the Maratha Empire as a whole generation of brave warriors had been destroyed. In such condition Madhavrao I became Peshwa and recover losses of Panipat war. He was one of the greatest personalities of the Maratha History. He decided not to rest until the Maratha Power was reestablished. There arose a conflict between Madhavrao I and his uncle Raghunathrao. Raghunathrao started grooming his own army. Madhavrao also decided to wage a war against his uncle.

Vikaras (Evil) are, the five major weaknesses of the human personality at variance. These are Kaam (Lust), Krodh (Rage), Lobh (Greed), Maoh (Attachment), Ahankar (Ego). Ego is a one of the dominating evil of human life. Egotism is the negative tendency of a person to speak and to think of oneself excessively and boastfully. The egotist has an overwhelming sense of the centrality of the “ME”: of person’s personal qualities. The personality consists of the three elements i.e. id, ego and superego. The key to a healthy personality is the balance between ego and the reality of the real world. People differ in terms of the extent to which their personality is dominated by ego. Personality is the deeply ingrained and relatively enduring patterns of thoughts, feelings and behavior. Personality usually refers to something that is unique about a person, the characteristics that distinguish him or her from other people. Personality implies predictability about how a person will act or react under different circumstances. Therefore, the purpose of the investigation is to distinct the types of personality and their level of egotism. The sample of the present study consisted of 200 cases. Both male (50 extrovert and 50 introvert) and female (50 extrovert and 50 introvert) respondents of 40 to 60 years have been conveniently selected. In the present study Egotism Scale developed by Das & Sisodia (2011) and Introversion Extroversion Inventory (Hindi) developed by Aziz & Gupta (1923) is used. Mann- Whitney U test was used. Results reveal that Extrovert Personality people have more egotism (M= 13.68) than Introvert Personality people (M= 11.47), and the obtained Mann- Whitney U value (Zu= 2.369, p< 0.01) is significant at 0.05 level of significance.

The Bhakti movement was a Hindu religious movement of the medieval period that promoted the belief that salvation was attainable by everyone. The movement is closely related to Islamic Sufism, which appeared around the same time: both advocated that a personal expression of devotion to God is the way to become at one with him. Bhakti movement swept through central and northern India, initiated by a loosely associated group of sants. Ramananda, Ravidas, Srimanta Sankardeva, Chaitanya Mahaprabhu, Vallabhacharya, Surdas, Meera Bai, Kabir, Tulsidas, Namdev, Dnyaneshwar, Tukaram and other mystics spearheaded the Bhakti movement in the North while Annamacharya, Bhadrachala Ramadas, Tyagaraja among others propagated Bhakti in the South. Bhakti movement in India is responsible for many rites and rituals associated with the worship of God by Hindus, Muslims and Sikhs. It stressed the mystical union of the individual with God. They created a climate of opinion which continued to work through the succeeding centuries. Their teachings were reflected even in the religious ideas of present day Indian society.. The impact of their teaching can be seen in the continuous struggle between the orthodox and liberals till to day. This article have aim to highlight the teachings of prominent bhakti reformers and their impact on society

In speaking about the future of the dialogue, we have to first ascertain whether the dialogue has any future, as it seems to be called into question by some. To a certain extent it can be said that dialogue is today at the crossroads and in that sense it rises, that is at a turning point. This is because interreligious dialogue has moved from the phase of Euphoria and joy of interreligious discoveries to meetings and seminars and now to a stage hereby we are taking stock of these dialogues. Most people involved in dialogue are well aware that in the face of the manifold problems that call for balanced responses, meeting only to discuss and share though not without value, is not enough. Further, there is the feeling that the theological thought-pattern and categories that we have inherited are not adequate enough to give expression to the experiences, discoveries and insights gained through dialogue. Thus we may say that dialogue is at crossroads. To remain where we are, doing only what we have been doing so far promises no significant future for dialogue. At the same time to launch out into jointaction for integral liberation and search for new theological categories is, to say the least, not easy, though same are already engaged in it. The crisis in which dialogue finds itself is analogous to the crisis of growth, faced by those in their adolescence. It is to be taken seriously, but not to be regretted, as it is full of promise. Dialogue has a future, but only if we are willing to move on. That hatred, violence and conflicts do not restrain us from having a dialogue.

The definition we wish to use is that nongovernmental organization (NGO) should aim to be non-profit, non-commercial and non-government. It should subscribe to universal humanitarian values and practices. It should have capacity, and be ready to be held accountable for its actions.1 A NGO is a legally constituted organization created by natural or legal persons that operates independently from any government and a term usually used by governments to refer to entities that have no government status. In the cases in which NGOs are funded totally or partially by governments, the NGO maintains its non-governmental status by excluding government representatives from membership in the organization. The term is usually applied only to organizations that pursue some wider social aim that has political aspects, but that are not overtly political organizations such as political parties. Unlike the term "intergovernmental organization", the term "non-governmental organization" has no generally agreed legal definition.

Today, due to the impact of LPG and ICT factors, the global trends become local. So to fulfill the global needs of the students, the teachers should be very smart, update and award about the 21st Century, skill. It is direct responsibility of teacher training institute to produce quality teacher to the schools under such circumstances, information and communication technology (ICT) can play an important role in the preparation of quality teachers, the national council for teacher education (NCTE) has put lots of emphasis on its use.From this background, it is very clear that the nature of Traditional Teacher Education program is shifted to ICT related program. It is the paradigm shift due to the global need. ICT, if used creatively, can make a big difference in the way teachers teach and students learn and can help students acquire 21st century skills like digital literacy, innovative thinking, creativity, sound reasoning and effective communication. ICT can help in enhancing the quality of education through blended learning by supplementing the traditional talk and chalk method of teaching