Violence occur s at three level s, these are mind, speech and act ion level . Violence at mind level i s cal led internal or intent violence whi le the one done at speech or body level is cal led external violence. The behavioral approach to control violence consi s ts of t reat ing others the way we want other s to treat us. I f we want the people to treat us nicely, we must t reat them in the nicest way. Be, what you want . Be non -violent and the wor ld wi l l be non-violent to you. The head of ins t i tut ion should be peace - loving or non-violent i f the want s to maintain peace in hi s organi zat ion. One sho uld resolve that none should be hur t through the medium of mind, words and act ions even to the s l ightest extent . One should ask for forgivenes s i f one has hurt inadver tent ly.

“The principle goal of education is to create men who are capable of doing new things, not simply by repeating what other generations have done.” - Jean Piaget, Cognitive psychologist Destiny of a nation is shaped in its educational institutes, as education is the key to human progress and social change. Universities are institutions of excellence to promote the best values and to provide leadership to the educated world and the society at large. They are harbingers of ideas and idealism. Sam Pitroda , chairman of National Knowledge Commission said "Higher education has been key to India's growth in the last couple of decades, and it was all thanks to the country's founding fathers, who recognized the role higher education would play.”

Ecogeomorphology is an important new branch of geomorphology which deals with the study of interactions between organisms and the development of landforms. Day to day the environment is degraded due to several factors. Among the factors, living organisms is the important factor which is affect geomorphic process and it’s responsible for degrading environment. Ecogeomorphology is commonly used to describe studies that focus more on the amplification of erosion and deposition processes. It is fundamentally concerned with bidirectional influences of biota and landscape on each other. The present study attempts to determine land degradation status of Birbhum district using visual interpretation of geo- coded IRS P6 and LISS-III satellite imageries, Topographical map and seasonal field observation in Birbhum District, West Bengal, India. In the study area, different types of terrain are found with different patches. Here most of the important terrain is Lateritic terrain. It is of detrital origin probably during the Pliocene and Pleistocene times as evidences of active degradation are noted in observed Lateritic patches. About 28.18% of the study area is degraded. Most of the evidences of active degradation are noted in Lateritic patches. Seven types degraded lands are identified in this area.

Mordecai Richler, prominent Canadian writer, writes about himself and about his society. The Jewishness, Canadianness, and secularism are the central issues in his writing. His novels highlight the social importance of immigration and the ethnic diversity of its native inhabitants. The characters in his novels represent various cultural groups who celebrate the traditional values. As a writer, he criticizes amoral contemporary society, and wishes to change it to accommodate them all.Canada includes people from different religious groups like English, French, aboriginals, Muslims and Jews. The need of religiously diverse people leads to the realization of literature that plays significant role in the development of understanding across cultures. To aid the understanding of other culture, many researchers emphasize the requirement of intercultural and multicultural literature.

Human life has always been an ideal pasture for artistic grazing to the novelists in the world. Where some of the novelists have looked back to the past, while constantly gazing at the present condition and texture of life, others have preferred to look beyond the past and present to the state of life in future. Surprisingly enough, no novelist in the world has ever cared or dared to enter and explore the mysterious region a soul enters after its physical death in the world. Among the novelists in English literature, Emily Bronte enters the mysterious region and treads upon its untrodden in a highly rhythmic way. It is she and she alone who has connected life before and after death and rendered it as one piece of continuous life in her novel entitled Wuthering Heights.

Research ethics provides guidelines for the responsible conduct of research. In addition, research ethics educates and monitors researcher in conducting research to ensure high ethical standards. There are many ethical challenges rooted in many dimensions of research, including the collection, use and interpretation of data, methods of reporting, relationship between researcher and those who will be affected by the research. There are many terms associated with research ethics whose knowledge every researcher should be aware of.In this article author has discussed various such ethical issues ethical principles and seriousness of it in Educational Research.

The identification of growth centers is an imperative not only their individual development but also integrated areal development. The growth centers generates their own ideas or innovations or they are taken these from higher order centers. They can diffuse these ideas or new innovations to their hinterland more effectively and maintain regional balance development. The considering these things for study area, the identified growth centers itself have limited number of functions beside this the distribution of these growth centers are uneven as well as they are distantly distributed. Therefore, the available growth centers are unable to fulfill the requirement of their complementary area.

Euthanasia is a highly controversial form of medical intervention, for here physicians use their skill not to resuscitate the ailing but to pre-pone their death. The topic remains contentious, for medical issues have here got entangled with ethicosociological questions like the distinction between homicide and mercy-killing, sanctity of life and death, the validity of surrogate decision about one’s life and the like. Suffering, albeit justified in the scriptures as conditioning of the soul for life divine, is a challenge to medical scientists. While ‘kill if you fail to heal’ cannot be the choice of a doctor whose first duty is nonmaleficence, beneficence also demands that a physician should not be indifferent to the suffering of a patient. We seek medical intervention to alleviate suffering but, paradoxically enough, prefer medical inaction when it is a question of terminating suffering or vegetative state of existence through administration of euthanasia. Since both life and death should have grace and dignity, it would be irrational to neglect this option when curative and palliative treatments have failed to rein in agony. If prescribing euthanasia involves violation of any ethical code, ethical transgression is to be preferred here, since ethics is to be judged in the light of reason. With ample scriptural, literary and medical references the article attempts to evaluate euthanasia from multiple perspectives as also to justify it on non-economic, non-eugenic grounds.

Times have surely changed. The world has been made flat by the World Wide Web. Today, we live in a world where contacting someone, sharing our journeys as well as our thoughts is just one click away. Social networking sites are now available to cater to one’s immediate social needs. These networking sites have made it possible for us to chat with friends who live in distant places as well as share with them pictures and videos of whatever we are up to instantly. Today, it is very hard to find a teenager who doesn’t have a Yahoo, a Gmail, a Facebook, or a Twitter account which they use to keep in touch with friends, to express or share what they have in mind and to use for school-related purposes. No doubt, Social Networking Sites are of great help in the youth’s daily life; however, it has positive and negative effects which depend on how a person will utilize it. The negative effects of these social networking sites overweigh the positive ones. These sites have caused some potential harm to society. The students become victims of social networks more often than anyone else. This is because of the reason that when they are studying or searching their course material online, they get attracted to these sites to kill the boredom in their study time, diverting their attention from their work. The overuse of these sites on a daily basis has many negative effects on the physical and mental health of students making them lethargic and unmotivated to create contact with the people in person.

The value of girls’ education has been internationally acknowledged for many years but serious obstacles to girls’ education still exist. Discrimination against girl's that begins at birth by families, communities and broader society continues toimpede a greater demand for girls’ education. Keeping this in mind the govt. of India also very specially focuses on gender equality in terms of education at every level, by setting closer deadlines to meet the objectives at primary and secondary levels. Two new programs, one targeting formal schools (NPEGEL) and the other targeting girls in remote habitations (KGBVs) have been launched under serva shiksha abhiyan(SSA)to include girls in elementary education. IN this paper authors try to examine the role of NPEGEL programme in improving girls enrollment in schools- caste wise and year wise,especially in educationally backward blocks where the female literacy rate is lower than national average (46.13%) and higher gender gap than that of the national level (21.59%).

This paper is mainly focused on self-reflective learning of teacher educators. In it meaning of teacher educator and self reflective learner is explained. The different components of a cycle of reflective learning are discussed in brief. The probable areas for teacher educators are given for applying the process of self-reflective learning. Finaly the role of teacher educator in reflective learning is discussed

To find the various causes of stress and their impacts. Common stress management Tips and the success rate that we follow today. The Yoga and meditation benefits and how that reduces the stress in life to live better. How yoga keeps the body and mind healthy. The new dimension of stress management in the long happy life. The Yoga and meditation has been followed from ancient time. But the awareness and people interest are more due to percentage of people suffer by stress in increasing rapidly.

This present paper reports the analytical study undertaken the relationship between internal marks and annual theory examination marks of teacher students. The practical marks is related to teacher educators attendance and punctuality, teacher educators attitude and methodology in teaching, teaching-learning process, teacher students performance and student teacher feedback, student educator and students teacher evaluation. There obtains a very close correlation between a conclusion that might somewhat modify these who are septic about giving weight age to internal assessment as lacking reliability.

Retailing is not only an important aspect of the economic structure but very much a part of our lives. Although trading of goods have been in existence since the olden days, it is only in the recent past that the buying and selling of goods have become more of a formal and a brand dominated activity. In fact, today retailing is evolving into a global, high-tech business. Nevertheless, the traditional forms of independently owned small businesses co-exist along with organized retailers like department stores, specialty stores, shopping complexes, malls, large scale multiple chain etc. Organized retailing has emerged in a big way since 2000 onwards and with it, we are witnessing the emergence of new forms of retailing. The retailer’s market can be segmented on the basis of various retail formats to concentrate or focus on the needs of particular consumer groups. Ultimately, this has led to the development of a very complex retail environment. With the increase in competition in the retailing market, retailers are seeking new consumer groups and new way to tap this market. Some of the important reasons for the growth in the consumer demand for retail outlet could be that there is a growing middle class of consumers with high disposable income, rise in consumer aspiration level for global lifestyle due to media exposure etc. therefore the present study is focused on the Supply Chain Management for Specialty stores which is leading formats of organized retailing, and also the study focused on the implementation SCM techniques in maintaining customer loyalty.

While the current world talks more about the characteristics, attitudes, behaviors that are exposed by the Generation Y workforce there is also a need that exits by default to have a better engaging mechanism for this segment of workforce as they are different from there earlier generations. This study aims at the need for engaging the generation Y in the organization

Improving teachers’ skills and knowledge is one of the most important factors that one needs to think about. Yet with the wide variety of professional development options available, which methods have the most impact on student learning, needs to be thought about. Today’s teachers are facing big challenges. Different problems faced by the teachers are narrated here and some programs for professional development of these teachers are recommended. Research on professional development is scattered throughout subject areas, with its focus ranging from classroom processes and structures to teachers’ personal traits. In this paper, the author has limited view to learning opportunities for teachers that are explicitly aimed at increasing student achievement.

In this era, the technology is growing and changing at almost every fraction of seconds. Nowadays we keep on hearing the word Android which is at its peak of success. Due to rapid growth and huge changes in Android, there are so many applications are available in order to track the location using different tracking methods. Tracking the mobile phone means attaining the current position of a mobile phone which is stationary or moving. Localization may occur either by calculating the differences of radio signals between one or several radio towers of the network and the phone, or simply via GPS. The main objective of location tracking Android applications is to provide guidelines to the person who is newer in the city and while travelling. This paper gives a literature review on the recent position tracking methods in Android applications. The characteristics of positioning methods are represented in tabular form for quick reference.

Prachin kalapasun bharatat samudra vyapar kela jato. Samudra vyaparache veg vegalya thikani ullekh milat asale tarihi bouddha jatak granthatun pramanbhut aani vishwasaniya mahiti milanyas madat hote.

The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education (RTE) Act, 2009 emphasizes on Every child of the age of six to fourteen years shall have the right to free and compulsory education in the neighborhood school till the completion of elementary education. The RTE Act focused on every school and teacher to be child friendly and promote child centered teaching learning processes with ample freedom of expression for every child to learn and develop to full potential. Section 29 0f the Act clearly mentioned as about child centric and child friendly Schools. So it is essential for every teacher, child and member of school management committee (SMC) to make own school and society RTE compliant, which would take care of the rights of every child irrespective of her or, his background and education levels.

The State of Maharashtra collects and provides consistent District Information System for Education (DISE) data in timely manner over the years. The DISE data for the every year has been submitted to National level.This section focuses on the significant indicators of elementary education. These include GER, NER, Gross Completion Ratio, Dropout, retention and transition rates, Gender Gap in Enrolment etc. The data presented in the tables below is based on the DISE provided by State team. The State-wise EDI has also been calculated at the National level separately for Primary and Upper primary level. The district wise EDI has also been calculated by the states. The EDI has been calculated on four components (Access, Infrastructure, Teachers and Outcomes).

The study is focused on the development of theater and drama program for Language skills enhancement of sixth standard students from English medium school. The objectives of the study were to develop and implement the theater and drama program for teaching unit (Sahasi Shailendra) of Marathi Language text of Standard VI and to find the effectiveness of the program on the Marathi Language Skills achievement. Sample for the study was sixty students of standard sixth from English medium school of Pune city. The researchers had chosen two equivalent group design for the experiment. The theater and drama program was implemented as a treatment. By using‘t’ test, the post test scores of two groups were compared and it was found effective .

Academic achievement is of paramount importance particularly in the present socioeconomic and cultural content. It is the activity, which is accomplished especially superior ability, special efforts and great value. It plays significant role in almost all aspects of human life. It has assumed enormous importance in view of its practical value. There are various social, cultural, administrative and financial constraints responsible to effect academic achievement. Measuring academic performance of teacher trainees is challenging since student performance is product of cognitive and non-cognitive constructs which includes socio-economic, psychological and environmental factors. Present paper has been based on the study conducted on teacher trainees. Parental involvement has been studied by using parental involvement scale by Chopra and Sahoo (2005).The findings reveal that parental involvement has a significant positive impact on the academic achievement of the teacher trainees irrespective to their gender.