Companies practiced various operations strategies to satisfy different market segments. One of these strategies is quality management. The strategy is evolved from a top-down and bottom-up approach to organization. The bottom-up approach is nothing but employee involvement in the implementation of the strategy. This research paper aims to study employee participation for implementation of the ISO 9000 quality system and its association with sales turnover and years of certification. The study has been conducted with 400 small and medium-scale companies covering various industrial districts of Maharashtra. The empirical results indicated that there was an association of employee participation with years of certification and sales turnover. The findings of this study will be a guideline for certified companies as to which employee involvement parameters to put more focus on. Similarly, this employee participation will help non-certified companies to go for certification. Keywords: ISO 9000, Employee participation, Sales Turnover, Years of Certification, Quality

Vocabulary development is very important for enriching the mother tongue of the students at the primary level. For this, it is possible to develop a vocabulary based on the textbook and create a workbook based on it and implement it for the development of the vocabulary.

Global disasters in Corona have adversely affected various sectors. It was a challenge to continue the education process in the field of education while it was locked down everywhere. School and colleges were completely closed. The idea started of how to continue the education system by following all the restrictions imposed by the government. The only option that comes out of this is Online Education. Among them the use of mobile technology for teaching learning process seemed effective. The youth, who were earlier active on social media through mobile now became active in studies using mobile. And using the same mobile these college students started taking steps towards getting the degree they were admitted to.

In light of novel overview information, we archive the development of driving conduct in the U.S. throughout the span of the COVID-19 pandemic. Telecommute Work from Home expanded forcefully and tirelessly after the episode, and substantially more so among certain laborers than others. Utilizing hypothesis and proof, we contend that the noticed heterogeneity in Work from Home advances is steady with possibly more long-lasting changes to work game plans in certain occupations, and not simply brief replacement because of more prominent wellbeing chances. Predictable with expanded Work from Home reception, some more - particularly higher-instructed - laborers hope to Work from Home later on

Blended education has become the need of an hour. It has a wide scope and is considered as a boon for academic world. Moreover, blending offline and online teaching and learning is actually a meaningful use of technology. Therefore, this topic was selected for the purpose of research with the objective of knowing the viewpoint of teachers and investigating the effectiveness of blended education in real life. The researcher used structured questionnaire to collect primary data from various respondents. Total 320 teachers filled the questionnaire based on their personal experience. After the data collection process, it was analyzed in SPPS software in which percentage, frequency, mean and standard deviation values were calculated. The researcher concluded blended education as a very effective mode of teaching and learning considering the advantages highlighted in this paper. The results also indicate that blended education helps not only in personal development but also in professional development.

Colonization is control of power over a dependent area of people. To rule others or to conquer others has been a general episode in the history of Civilization. Modern colonization started in the age of Geographical Discovery. In the modern era it was initiated by Portugal and Spain and the other European powers like England, the Netherlands, France, and Germany followed the trend. They justified colonization on the ground of civilizing the barbaric nations. However, decolonization began around 1914 and it challenged colonial empires till 1975. The idea of colonialism is related to that of the imperialism that involves a set of attitudes using power and influence to control another nation .Imperialism is economic and political domination of one country over another. Imperial powers do not like to settle permanently; they are concerned with political power only, whereas in colonialism the colonisers settle in a conquered country permanently and they penetrate into their culture, very often the culture of the indigenous people cannot be retained.This paper is not to discuss imperialism or colonialism but reflection of colonialism and imperialism in some well-known texts of English literature. The chosen texts are Shakespeare's 'The Tempest',Mrs.Aphra Behn's 'Oroonoko' or 'The Royal Slave' Daniel Defoe's 'Robinson Crusoe' Joseph Conrad's 'Heart of Darkness',Aime Ceasire's 'A Tempest' to name only a few.

Colonization is control of power over a dependent area of people. To rule others or to conquer others has been a general episode in the history of Civilization. Modern colonization started in the age of Geographical Discovery. In the modern era it was initiated by Portugal and Spain and the other European powers like England, the Netherlands, France, and Germany followed the trend. They justified colonization on the ground of civilizing the barbaric nations. However, decolonization began around 1914 and it challenged colonial empires till 1975. The idea of colonialism is related to that of the imperialism that involves a set of attitudes using power and influence to control another nation .Imperialism is economic and political domination of one country over another. Imperial powers do not like to settle permanently; they are concerned with political power only, whereas in colonialism the colonisers settle in a conquered country permanently and they penetrate into their culture, very often the culture of the indigenous people cannot be retained.This paper is not to discuss imperialism or colonialism but reflection of colonialism and imperialism in some well-known texts of English literature. The chosen texts are Shakespeare's 'The Tempest',Mrs.Aphra Behn's 'Oroonoko' or 'The Royal Slave' Daniel Defoe's 'Robinson Crusoe' Joseph Conrad's 'Heart of Darkness',Aime Ceasire's 'A Tempest' to name only a few.

“If we teach today’s students as we taught yesterday’s, we rob them of tomorrow.” These words by John Dewey stress upon the need for continuous evolution of the content and tools used in the teaching learning process. Technology Enhanced Learning (TEL) is a term that refers to the application of technology to improve the teaching and learning experience. Although it can be used to describe both analog and digital technologies, of late, TEL is used more often to describe the use of digital technology in the form of different types of educational software. The growing need to maximize access to higher education and situations such as the COVID-19 pandemic have underlined the critical need for TEL and also provided a thrust to its widespread adoption. The increase in prevalence of education applications, software for teachers, and e-learning services point towards the fact that technology is not just an additional resource but a critical tool for improving the process and outcomes of teaching and learning. Further, the digital format of TEL offers the scope for sustaining and improving the teaching learning process based on the evolving educational needs.

Augmented Reality is presently used in various arenas ranging from education to enterprise to entertainment. In the learning of Social Sciences, Augmented Reality plays a vital role by helping students perceive abstract information. Visual representation of information in a three dimensional form helps to comprehend information easily, thus helping to build concepts which are the cornerstone for any learning. This paper reviews some Augmented Reality Apps that can be used in teaching Social Sciences. The author has used few of these and also encouraged B.Ed students to use the same in their lessons. The insights garnered from this endeavor are also described in this paper. Keywords: Augmented Reality, Virtual Reality, Teaching Learning process, innovations in Social Science pedagogy

Abstract: This research article highlights on community needs assessment used in higher education. Community is defined as a geographic area; however, it can also be based on shared interests or characteristics such as religion, race, age, or occupation. Community requires assessment identifies the strengths and resources available in the community to meet the needs of children, youth, and families. The assessment focuses on the capabilities of the community, including its citizens, agencies, and organizations. It provides a framework for developing and identifying services and solutions for organizing educational programs and activities and building communities to support and nurture children and families. A community assessment may be limited to a compilation of demographic data from census records, results of surveys conducted by others, and informal feedback from community partners. Or, assessments may be expanded to include focus group discussions, town meetings, and interviews with stakeholders, and telephone or mailed surveys to partnership members and the community. Therefore, the community needs assessment method is very important while implementing any educational programs and activities within the community. Keywords: Community, Assessment, Needs, Educational, Types and Tools.

We have seen that education doesn’t have to stop just because schools are closed, and that traditional teaching approaches are not always conducive to nurturing well-rounded, independent thinkers. We are also living in a digital age with a generation of students who have grown up confident using technology and consuming content through digital devices. Through harnessing ICT tools, we can explore new ways of teaching and engaging with children who might have been ‘closed-off’ to traditional teaching methods. One such method which has become increasingly popular during the pandemic is flipped classroom learning.

Abstract: The railways serve as an important means of communication. It was introduced in India around the midnineteenth century. The primary purpose for the British to set up railways in India was to serve their own needspolitical, administrative, military and economic. An exhaustive “Minute” scripted by Lord Dalhousie, the Governor General of East India Company (1848-1856), popularly known as the Father of Indian Railways, on 20 April, 1853, made a detailed commentary on the colonial interests in railways. This paper attempts to analyze the colonial outlook of the British towards the building of the railway, taking the comprehensive Minute by Dalhousie as an illustration. The paper presents a detailed discussion of its contents with a view to highlight the imperialist designs for the building of the railways. Also it unfolds the colonial character of the railway (a technological method) that made India an economic appendage of England and another effective “colonial adjunct of the British metropolis.” Keywords: Railways, Dalhousie, Minute, Colonial character, Imperialistic Designs

Gender inequality has adverse effects on all sectors. The attitude towards women is traditional and religious. In India, only 25 percent of girls between the ages of 18 and 23 are pursuing higher education. It should be noted that the GER of girls is 25.4%. If the number of women in higher education increases then the family, society, and the country will develop in a real sense. Half of the population of this country are women. Also, the economic and social status of the society and the country remains very poor. Due to this gender-based reason, domestic violence, abortion, and rape are on the rise. In 2018, there were 1,03,272 cases of domestic violence in India. Therefore, in order to improve this situation, equal and adequate access to educational opportunities for all is essential from the point of view of democracy and humanity. Conclusion according to the present research Some concrete measures must be taken consciously. The following can be suggested - In order to increase the standard of higher education, it is necessary to increase the number of scholarships, travel, increase the number of hostel schemes, implement 'Beti Bachao Abhiyan' and eliminate the shortcomings in them. According to him, reforms at all levels of family, society, and government will help in eliminating gender-based discrimination in Indian society and building a truly healthy, developed, and egalitarian society. Keywords: Gender Inequality, Domestic Violence.

This paper outlines the general situation of university research in Indian society and the particular problems which may be faced by research candidates. The objective of the study is to evaluate the influence of the research culture on the development of research skills, and also the development of society. The paper discusses why a strong research culture is necessary to promote research activity among academic staff and students, and goes on to suggest a number of strategies which address directly the development of a sustainable and pervasive research culture.

Education has always shown the path to bring about change and transformation in society. It has ushered in change through new knowledge, ideas, thoughts and values and equipping learners with skills and behaviors needed to address social, cultural, economic and various other challenges. As challenges get more difficult, issues overlap and seem to be interconnected, the education system needs to gear itself to meet the demands of this increasingly complex world scenario. Educational institutions need to move from the traditional set goals of teaching and learning and encompass a larger purpose by incorporating sustainable practices. Sustainable Education was defined by UNESCO 2014 -"Education for Sustainable Development allows every human being to acquire the knowledge, skills, attitudes and values necessary to shape a sustainable future. Education for Sustainable Development means including key sustainable development issues into teaching and learning; for example, climate change, disaster risk reduction, biodiversity, poverty reduction, and sustainable consumption. It also requires participatory teaching and learning methods that motivate and empower learners to change their behavior and take action for sustainable development. Education for Sustainable Development consequently promotes competencies like critical thinking, imagining future scenarios and making decisions in a collaborative way. Education for Sustainable Development requires far-reaching changes in the way education is often practised today."

The study is about domestic violence and its effects on women; but it covers several areas such as changing status of women, the causes and nature and domestic violence, its implications on several areas, stress and domestic violence, the coping methods used by victims, awareness of victims about rules and regulations, their help seeking behaviour etc. The study will prove helpful to law enforcing officials to make necessary changes in the existing policies in order to bring down domestic violence. The suggestions can be taken into consideration by nongovernment organisations, counsellors, activists, health care institutions, police, media etc. The Domestic Violence Act of 2005 has reached common men to a great extent and has the merit of putting in place a norm that violence against women is unacceptable, and such a norm is backed by State laws. But having a norm will not by itself end violence. It takes more than judges, protection officers, police and social workers to protect women from violence. Even though domestic violence has now become a legally recognised category, violence against women in homes still persists. Law can easily help women in work places and in public; but that is not the case with violence at home as home cannot be policed all the time.

Human Beings are the most precious part of civilization as well as of organization without leadership an organization is only a confusion of people and machines. Leadership is the best ability tp persuade others to seek defined objectives enthusiastically. It is the human factor that bonds a group together and motivates it towards the goal. The leader act of motivation is similar in effect to that of the secret chemical that turns the insect pupa in tom a butterfly with all the beauty that was the pupa potential. Leadership transforms potential organization and people into reality. In the words of Koontz Donnell “Leadership is the art or process of influencing people so that they will strive willingly and enthusiastically towards the achievement of the goals”. Leadership is the presence of the authority imbued with a reason to believe what matters is authenticity. Leadership moment is derived from the support of others. Leadership skills can be imbedded though few opine that leadership is inherent. Leadership is a form of communication and such can be taught and put into practice. The most important feature is management which is dynamic in nature. The most important task of the management is to develop the people. In this process the leader and the management itself has to follow certain techniques skills in a very creative and innovative manner to enhance the productivity of the organization and the skills of the employee.

Education is the Basic Need of the Human Being. It helps in the holistic development of humans being and country. Students acquire knowledge from parents, family, society, books and from school teachers. When teacher’s knowledge is upgraded with technology the result will be more concrete and acceptable for the students. So today the roll of technology is more acceptable in the education. The use of technology has increased more among students who are exploring more towards cell phone and internet. This addiction among the students is the matter of thinking for all in the present world. Students are young human beings whose mind easily get distracted. Keeping the view of different changes in students the researcher wanted to do research on this aspect of changes in secondary school students. Due to the impact of the more use of cell phone the social habit of the students getting change. Researcher wants to examine about this. So the researcher has selected the topic “Use of Cell Phone by Secondary Students and its impact on Social Habit. Keywords: 1.Cell Phone 2.Secondary Students 3. Impact 4. Social Habit

New world in the new normal situation, learners are having different expectations from the educational reforms. With the advent use of technology, possibilities of imparting knowledge through more didactic ways are possible.This pandemic has created several challenges and opportunities for the risk takers and future leaders to meet the need of the time. Redundant modes can’t sustain this, hence futuristic approach, attitude, knowledge, skills are needed which can do justice. Education should be for the betterment of the mankind. It should meet the need of global citizen and should develop a better community of learners. Innovation is the keys of success but it should not take away the essence of learning. Balanced integration of knowledge with the technology as the mediating tools, can create the nurturing ecosystem for learning. All four pillars of learning has to be in the harmony to co-construct the learning. NEP2020 has advocated the “Samarg Siksha” for all, where metacognitive skills are being promoted upon the rote memorization. It should be holistic in nature. Technology opens several opportunities in the world of work. Educational policy has to come up with new aims of education based upon the current situation to meet the demand.It can’t be primitive in nature. Students should be well equipped with the life skills requirements like tech -savvy, better adaptability etc for better employ-ability. Keywords: MOOCS, Ed.Tech, Curriculum, Pedagogy, Technological Boom.

Education and knowledge seeking and its application have been the fuel to drive a civilization to uplift it to its best functioning capacity with changing times. The said study attempts to understand the preference for online and face-to-face education by junior college learners of the Commerce Stream, it debunks certain assumptions of preferred learning and attempts to highlight the requirements that make education a success in these trying times. The purpose and need of the study are to understand the preference of learners and to provide them the necessary environment to the best of the capacity of the educators and the institute. The conclusions and findings help to provide solutions to the discrepancies in teaching-learning.

Abstract Education is one of the key factors in building a good nation (Baiyere & Li, 2016). The Covid19 virus outbreak which made the entire globe face a storm, brought a new perspective about the role of technology. The technological development and the internet had changed the lives of people immensely and had also brought a huge change in various fields. But during the pandemic, a lot of changes happened especially in the education system across the world. E-learning was found to be a significant tool for effectively continuing the teachinglearning process during the lockdown. It has been supplying a solution to the learners who are unable to access the traditional means of education due to the present pandemic situation and the lockdown. (Nagata, Abdel, & Gabriel, 2020) The outbreak of the COVID-19 virus had caused a sudden interruption in the functioning of schools, colleges, universities, and other institutions. Amid these tough times, teachers began utilizing e-learning platforms to impart education to the students. (Soni, 2020). Teacher Education is an integral part of the educational system. It is intimately connected with society and is conditioned by the ethos, culture, and character of a nation. The constitutional goals, the directive principles of the state policy, the socio-economic problems and the growth of knowledge, the emerging expectations and the changes operating in education, etc. call for a suitable response from a futuristic education system and provide the perspective within which teacher education programme need to be viewed. India has a large system of education. There are many schools (primary, secondary, higher secondary) and teacher education institutions to cater to the need of education. When India got freedom, the then existing educational system was accepted as such because it was assumed that ending it abruptly could be chaotic. Though, today the scenario is quite different, and a rigorous deliberation is required in the field of teacher education. Keywords: Pandemic, Online Education, Social health, Emotional Health

The human brain is designed to learn. And yet in order to learn, our brain must first attend to, focus on, and then absorb the new experiences. When there is a problem with any of these three steps, learning becomes difficult. During the first weeks of school, there is new environment, objects, and people in a young child's life can overload these steps. Understanding how the brain responds to new experiences can help us use these first weeks of school to set the stage for a productive and enjoyable year. The purpose of the study was to determine how adolescents take in new experiences in the 21st century for growing children belonging to the age group of 10 to 19 years. Adolescence is that period of transition that takes place between childhood and adulthood. It includes some big changes, like that to the body, and to the way a young person relates to the world. It is a critical period of development during which the main areas of the brain mature and develop. This report examines the adaptation of new experiences of adolescents in our 21st century and outlines how this knowledge can be applied. It focuses on understanding how children navigate this transition, how they respond to the various challenges that the transition presents, and what types of resiliency and protective factors may be important for the adolescents during this developmental period. The researcher states that adolescents are very much influenced by their peer groups and due to high competition in all aspects, they adapt to the new experiences more easily. Keywords: Adolescents, Transition, Adaptation, New Experiences, 21st Century.

When schools shifted to the virtual platform due to the pandemic, instructional process has undergone a paradigm shift. Assisting this online education there is a wealth of online tools available that can supplement the teacher with information needed for teaching and providing the students with options for their learning. The objective of this study is to explore the effectiveness of use of two online tools Desmos and Robo-compass during online teaching in the mathematics achievement of standard 9th students of two schools in Mumbai. A preexperimental static group comparison design was employed in the present study. The experimental group was taught two content areas in mathematics using the web tools while the control group was taught the same content through regular online teaching. The post-test achievement scores of both the groups were compared using t test. Inferential analysis resulted in the acceptance of null hypothesis. The result is discussed and presented. Keywords: Online Tools, Mathematics achievement, online teaching

The present study attempts to assess the attitudes of secondary school students towards Mathematics. To the study, the researcher has adopted convenient sampling method. Both male and female students constitute the population under study. A questionnaire has been administered by the researcher on a total of 60 students studying in State Board Schools in Mumbai namely Rizvi Springfield High School, Shri. V.V.K. Sharma High School & Bandra Hindu Association High School. The data collected has been analysed using mean which is a measure of central tendency. The results are presented graphically and interpreted thereof. The findings suggest that most of the students have a positive attitude towards the subject while only a certain percentage of the students are not in favour of the subject.

Community engagement implies relationships between the universities and communities, which is mutually beneficial for both parties and adopts a bidirectional flow of information between the two. It deviates from the normal outreach/extension functions, to an approach which is more participative and committed to the creation and sharing of knowledge. The aim of the study explores the present status, problems and solutions for implementing Community Engagement programs as Social Responsibility of Higher education Institutions. The Researcher analyse the objectives through the Descriptive Survey method.

“Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world.” – Nelson Mandela But in the current scenario the world has changed the educational system. The academic year 2020 brought a drastic change in the teaching and learning process. The coronavirus pandemic has resulted in the closure of schools across the nation. As the lockdown was extending day by day an alternative was needed to cope up with the educational loss of the students. Schools started resuming through online platform. Education has changed with a rise of e-learning, whereby teaching is executed remotely and on digital platforms. Online learning, which came as a panacea for the pandemic, is increasingly seen as a new paradigm in education. The shift from traditional method to online method had imposed a great challenge to the teachers. The purpose of the present study was to examine the attitude of secondary school teachers towards use of online platform in teaching. The sample for present study comprised of 50 teachers working in various schools of Suburban Mumbai. The sample was selected through convenient sampling technique. Data has been collected with the help of Test of e-Learning Related Attitudes (TeLRA) Scale using Google Form. The results indicate that the teachers have a positive attitude towards e-learning.

Self-regulation is defined as the act of managing thoughts and feelings to enable goal- directed actions, including a variety of actions necessary for success in school, relationships, and the workplace. Self-regulation has become recognized for its foundational role in promoting wellbeing across the lifespan, including physical, emotional, social and economic health and educational achievement. Problems related to persisting on complex, long term projects, problems in decision making, making decisions with broad perspective and compassion for self and others have led to the need of this research. The aim of the research is to help identify the effectiveness an appropriate intervention program to build self-regulation skills among adolescents. The present study was Experimental in nature. The research sample comprised of 100 secondary school students across Standard VII to IX of an ICSE School in Mumbai. The tool was collected through a Questionnaire. The results of study revealed the importance of Self-regulation intervention program.

English language proficiency has become an imperative in the current day knowledge society and the 21st century smart graduates expected to have the ability to communicate properly in English for their personal, occupational purposes. The Global Information age has provided many avenues to facilitate communication channels. Educational communication has certain bench marking aspects as far as the language is considered. The writing skill holds a prominent position in the prevailing pattern of education. Even the Planning Commission of 2012 laid special emphasis on verbal and written communication skills in English as they improve the employability of the youth. Today, social media has become a popular media for exchanging information in most of the fields including the academics. However, the Corona pandemic scenario compelled to have virtual classrooms and it is undeniable that even social media channels have provided easily accessible platforms to many educational institutions to facilitate educational communication. It is also a known fact that social media platforms are very popular among students. Most of the youngsters, even those who hesitate to interact freely in a physical class, freely communicate with their friends and peer groups. So, the researcher, with an objective to study the impact of social media on students writing efficiency and on their academic performance, conducted this study. The researcher administered a questionnaire for students at the college level. It included 940 undergraduate students from ten different colleges affiliated to KSKV Kachchh University in five different disciplines. The paper discusses the findings students’ perspective. Responses from the questionnaire were analyzed using the descriptive statistics of frequency counts and percentage. The inferential statistics of Chi square was used to test the stated hypotheses at o’o5 ana 0.01 level of significance.

The present study investigates to compare happiness quotients among adolescent’s male and female students in secondary school. For this purpose a sample of 30 secondary students, 15 male and 15 female, residing in the Mumbai district of the state of Maharashtra was taken. An improved instrument, Happiness Questionnaire (HQ), were used to measure Happiness of students. In order to find out the difference between means of adolescents girls and boys on present variable, t-test was applied. The result shows that ‘T’ value is 3.54 that is significant at 0.01 level. Results showed significant difference between girls and boys at the levels of Happiness. At the end of this study researcher also suggested some measures to improve the happiness amongst the adolescents for the positive growth and empowerment which is essential for better academic performance.

The present study aims to understand Pre- service and In- service teachers’ perception towards Merrill’s first principles of Instructions. The sample for the study consists of 27 teachers of In- service teachers. A research questionnaire consisting of 25 statements was prepared and administered on the first year and second year students. The findings of the study showed that both first year and second year students of pre – service teachers felt that Merrill’s first principles of instructions should be integrated in the B.Ed curriculum so as to use the Principles in their teaching and learning.

In the present study the researcher aims to investigate pre-service teachers’ perceptions about the integration of human values in education. A descriptive case study design was employed in developing the study. The data collection technique adopted was of Semi-structured interviews. The sample of the study comprised of five pre-service teachers on voluntary basis. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the interview data. The results and findings have been discussed.

The main aim for the 21st century is “sustainable development”. Sustainable development seeks to reunite environmental protection and development, it means nothing more than using resources, no faster than they can regenerate themselves, and releasing pollutants to no greater extent than natural resources can assimilate them. The 2030 plan, with its Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), is the roadmap to global well-being for current and future generation. The SDGs indicate the directions towards better education opportunities, gender equality, clean water, affordable and clean energy, and a healthy environment, among other things. Basic sciences can help identify mechanisms to correctly use knowledge and carry out technology transfer. They can also enable international research cooperation and dialogue across disciplines and across countries, including developing countries. Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present scenario without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. It contains within it two key concepts.

Gender inequality has adverse effects on all sectors. The attitude towards women is traditional and religious. In India, only 25 percent of girls between the ages of 18 and 23 are pursuing higher education. It should be noted that the GER of girls is 25.4%. If the number of women in higher education increases then the family, society, and the country will develop in a real sense. Half of the population of this country are women. Also, the economic and social status of the society and the country remains very poor. Due to this gender-based reason, domestic violence, abortion, and rape are on the rise. In 2018, there were 1,03,272 cases of domestic violence in India. Therefore, in order to improve this situation, equal and adequate access to educational opportunities for all is essential from the point of view of democracy and humanity.

This study analyses the learning outcomes of primary science mentioned in the intended curriculum documents of USA (NGSS), Australia (ACARA), Cambridge primary program (CP) and India NCERT (CBSE). The focus of the study is the science strand-Matter and material properties. The study involves intended curriculum document analysis based on Bloom’s Taxonomy and the reliability check with inter coder percentage agreement & Fleiss’ Kappa. The results of this study indicate that the science content, grade placement and cognitive level of learning expectations related to selected topic vary markedly across documents. Thus, these differences in learning outcomes result in striking differences in content students learn and emphasis with respect to the cognitive domain levels.

Rainfall is the important element of Aurangabad district economy. Especially rainfall effect on agricultural we can’t ignore because there is having strong relation between rainfall and agricultural. Rainfall is the primary ecological parameter has created a variety of farming enterprises, types or“ systems in the world. It is the single dominant weather elements influencing the intensity and location of farming system and farmers choice of enterprises In Aurangabad every year crop selection problem comes due to irregular’s pattern of rainfall. Due to their variation in temporal distribution of rainfall their farmer can’t understand what to do, hence there is need to deep scientific rainfall study requires overcoming this problem. There is great temporal variation in the distribution of rainfall. Most of the annual rainfall is received in the four rainy months of June to September. The average annual rainfall is about 736 mm, but it has great temporal variations. It is difficult to define its correct spatial and temporal pattern of rainfall distribution. This study focuses on spatial and temporal distribution of rainfall in Aurangabad district. Aurangabad is one of the drought district of Marathwada regions of Maharashtra state. This study since 1966 annual rainfall has been considered. Some statistical method and computer tools are applied to get desire output as well as Google Earth, Global Mapper and Arc GIS software are used for mapping. All over this study shows that in Aurangabad district spatial rainfall distribution does not having maximum variation. But there are having maximum temporal variation in rainfall distribution. All over Aurangabad district get quite good rainfall compare to dry region only there is need to proper water management. Every one consider annual average rainfall for planning and diction even government planner but it does not represent real situation of the Aurangabad district rainfall. This thing we have to rectify using other method.

Aspiration is an individual desire to obtain a status, objective or goals such as particular occupation or level of education. The Educational and occupational decisions at the high school level pave the way for future decisions to be taken by any individual in the world of work selection of career and setting in it, is an important task and a source of personal gratification. And this educational and occupational aspiration is determined by parental background/ socio economic status of parents. Hence the present study is an attempt to compare the educational and occupational aspiration of socio economically advantaged and socio economically disadvantaged students of high school. In this study descriptive survey method was conducted on a sample of 200 students of class X from various schools of Nagpur. The results shows that there exists an insignificant difference between educational aspiration of socio economically advantaged and socio economically disadvantaged students at high school level, and shows a significant difference between Occupational aspiration of socio economically advantaged and socio economically disadvantaged students at high school level. Further, the results indicate a positive correlation between educational and occupational aspiration of socio economically advantaged and socio economically disadvantaged students at high school level.

Community engagement implies relationships between the universities and communities, which is mutually beneficial for both parties and adopts a bidirectional flow of information between the two. It deviates from the normal outreach/extension functions, to an approach which is more participative and committed to the creation and sharing of knowledge. The aim of the study explores the present status, problems and solutions for implementing Community Engagement programs as Social Responsibility of Higher education Institutions. The Researcher analyse the objectives through the Descriptive Survey method.

In pre-partition India, there was a long history of cultural and religious tolerance, but in fact, Primordial identity, which is deeply embedded in Indian civilizations, leads individuals to place their emotions and sentiments ahead of modern ideals such as secularism. The focus of the study is on how Indian politics has combined secularism with religious nationalism since independence. How did secularism and religious discourses become tools for political leaders to maintain power? How are secularism and religious nationalism's principles transforming into religious radicalism? The key finding of the paper considers that political leadership and power seekers have exploited the altered ideology of political and religious icons to achieve political goals for the majority or minority. Majority nationalism is not giving way to Hindu Rashtra; rather, it is fueling minority nationalism, is another finding of the study. Through official and informal incidents, political pronouncements, and concepts from the past and present in Indian politics, this paper examines the principles of secularism and religious nationalism for Indian political leadership from the past to the present.

There are so many strategies to improve teaching learning processes in English but I think without enhancing vocabulary of the students, a teacher cannot succeed easily. So, my research paper would be based on the tactics of Vocabulary Enhancement in an easy and playful way. There are so many websites which claim like this but I like www.armoredpenguin.com which contains a number of useful resources for the teachers, educators, and the students to make and use puzzles of various types in their teaching-learning process. Besides this website, Google Forms also offers a platform to create online quizzes according to the specific needs of the learners. These technical resources can be very effective as this may make use of the surplus energies of the students in right direction and the students can learn in the playway spirit. The resources on the www.armoredpenguin.com website are in the form of Crosswords, Wordsearch, Wordscramble, Cipher/Secret Code, Word Match, Bagels and FreshWords Generators which enables the website user to type in a list of his or her selected words and clues to generate a puzzle of his or her own kind with so many variations to suit his or her particular need to generate the puzzle accordingly. The paper entitled “Development of Vocabulary through Puzzles” was presented in one day National Seminar on “Innovative Practices in the Teaching- Learning of English Language in School Education” on dated 30th November, 2017, organized by Department of Planning and Administration, SCERT Delhi. The paper had been selected for inclusion in their book “Adding Feathers 2019-20” but could not be published.