The rapid expansion of the Indian startup ecosystem has resulted in escalating valuations driven primarily by elevated revenue growth, unreasonable capital inflows, higher margins and expectations of long-term market dominance. However, several high-growth startups have experienced valuation corrections and investor losses despite reporting strong top-line expansion. This study examines valuations from various perspectives in the Indian startups using an integrated framework combining Steady-State Value (SSV), Future Value Creation (FVC), capital cycle (outlined by Edward Chancellor) perception, liquidity and much more. The research demonstrates that growth does not inherently translate into value creation unless growth is backed by execution and incremental returns exceed the cost of capital in order to justify high valuations. By analyzing the interaction between capital allocation efficiency, competitive intensity, capital dilution, operating leverage, terminal value assumptions, pricing power, future growth prospects, guidance and industry size, the study explains how valuation inflation during expansionary phases can lead to PE de-rating and investor wealth erosion.The study is meant to simplify the process of valuing high growth startups for the larger public through theoretical concepts with significant real word explanations. The findings highlight the need for disciplined valuation anchored in economic indicators rather than narrative-driven growth expectations and story formations.

The National Service Scheme (NSS) plays a vital role in engaging youth in community service and nation-building. NSS‑led programs such as tree plantation drives, cleanliness and waste‑management campaigns, health and literacy activities, and awareness sessions on water conservation etc. directly support United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly those related to the environment, education, health, and inclusive communities. This paper examines how NSS activities contribute to sustainable development by promoting environmental protection. This research based on primary data, reports of Ashoka International Centre for Educational Studies and Research (AICESR) and existing studies.

This paper presents a comprehensive and critical analysis of the relationship between innovation and sustainability in the contemporary global context. With increasing environmental degradation, climate change, and socio-economic disparities, innovation is frequently promoted as a central solution. However, the outcomes of innovation are not always aligned with sustainability. This study integrates perspectives from innovation theory, ecological economics, environmental humanities, and Indian Knowledge Systems to examine the complexities of sustainable innovation. It argues that innovation must shift from profit-driven frameworks to ethical, inclusive, and ecologically grounded paradigms. The paper also incorporates global and Indian case studies and aligns the discussion with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), thereby presenting a holistic understanding of sustainability.

This study explores the integration of achievement motivation within curriculum design as a pathway to promote sustainable and holistic development among learners. Contemporary education increasingly emphasizes not only academic excellence but also the development of well-rounded individuals capable of addressing complex global challenges. Achievement motivation, rooted in psychological theories of human behaviour, plays a critical role in shaping learners’ persistence, goal orientation, and performance outcomes. This study adopts a conceptual approach to examine how motivational principles can be systematically embedded into curriculum frameworks to enhance cognitive, emotional, social, and ethical dimensions of development. The paper analyzes key components of curriculum design, including learning objectives, instructional strategies, assessment practices, and learning environments, in relation to fostering intrinsic motivation and long-term engagement. It further highlights the relevance of sustainable development goals in education and the need for curricula that nurture responsibility, adaptability, and lifelong learning competencies. The proposed framework emphasizes learner-centered approaches, experiential learning, and value-based education as essential mechanisms for integrating achievement motivation. The study contributes to the field of education by offering a theoretical model that connects motivation with holistic development outcomes. It provides practical implications for educators, curriculum designers, and policymakers aiming to create meaningful and future-oriented educational experiences. Ultimately, integrating achievement motivation into curriculum design is presented as a transformative strategy for cultivating motivated, responsible, and well-rounded individuals prepared for sustainable living.

The rapid growth of digital technology has significantly increased the use of screen-based devices such as smartphones, laptops, tablets, and televisions among adolescents. While these technologies provide educational and social benefits, excessive screen exposure may negatively influence sleep patterns and overall health. The present study aims to examine the relationship between daily screen time and sleep duration and quality among adolescent students aged 12–25 years. A descriptive survey research design was adopted, and data were collected from 75 students using a structured questionnaire administered through Google Forms. The study analyzed screen usage patterns, sleep duration, sleep quality, physical activity, and stress levels. The collected data were analyzed using percentage, frequency distribution, and correlation analysis. The findings revealed that a majority of students spend 3–6 hours daily on screens, particularly smartphones. A significant proportion of respondents reported sleeping less than the recommended 8–9 hours. The correlation analysis indicated a moderate negative relationship (r = –0.62) between screen time and sleep duration, suggesting that increased screen exposure leads to reduced sleep duration. Additionally, screen use before bedtime was associated with poorer sleep quality and delayed sleep onset. The study concludes that excessive screen use, particularly during nighttime, negatively impacts adolescents’ sleep patterns and well-being. Promoting healthy digital habits, limiting screen exposure before bedtime, and encouraging physical activity can help improve sleep quality among students.

Market volatility is a reality in contemporary economic environments, and it affects the way managers process information, make risk assessments, and make strategic decisions. This paper investigates the effect of market volatility on managerial decision-making, using the behavioral economics approach, and it highlights the importance of psychological factors, emotions, and cognitive limitations in managerial decision-making. The paper investigates how factors such as uncertainty, loss aversion, overconfidence, herding, and risk perception influence decision-making during market instability. The study also investigates how managers strike a balance between short-term survival and long-term organizational success when faced with changes in demand, prices, or financial conditions. The study uses both theoretical and practical approaches to identify the patterns of decision-making under pressure and to point out the behavioral aspects that can be both helpful and harmful to business success. The results of the study are expected to provide insights into the human aspects of strategic decision-making and to provide frameworks for improving decision quality in dynamic market environments.