In the rapidly evolving global economy, mathematics serves as a foundational pillar for technological innovation, economic growth, and societal advancement. India's National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 underscores the critical role of mathematics education in equipping students with essential skills to navigate 21st-century challenges. This research examines the current state of mathematics education in India, identifies prevailing challenges, and explores their implications for national stability and development. Employing a mixed-methods approach, the study integrates quantitative data from national assessments and qualitative insights from educators and policymakers. Findings reveal significant disparities in mathematics achievement across different educational levels, underscoring the need for curriculum reforms, enhanced teacher training, and the integration of technology in pedagogy. The study advocates for strategic interventions to strengthen mathematics education, thereby fostering a skilled workforce capable of contributing to India's socio-economic development in the global market.

India, the world’s largest democracy, has a rich historical legacy in education. Ancient centres of learning such as Takshashila and Nalanda once attracted scholars from across the globe, symbolizing India's early engagement with internationalized education. However, the contemporary educational landscape in India is shaped not only by its aspirations for global integration but also by enduring social hierarchies rooted in the caste system and other forms of structural marginalization. Marginalized sections of Indian society comprising Scheduled Castes (Dalits), Scheduled Tribes (Adivasis), religious minorities, women, persons with disabilities, and the LGBTQ+ community continue to face systemic barriers in accessing quality education, thereby hindering their participation in the process of internationalization and broader national transformation.

The incorporation of global, intercultural, and international elements into educational practices, functions, and goals is known as the internationalization of education. It is becoming an increasingly important component of contemporary educational systems. In addition to encouraging teacher and student mobility, it also involves developing cross-border partnerships, international academic collaborations, and the growth of global educational networks. Internationalization has great potential to raise academic standards, foster international collaborations, and establish India as a major centre for international education, given its rich and varied higher education system. Nevertheless, several obstacles hinder India's educational system from smoothly internationalizing, despite the potential advantages. These challenges include regulatory and policy barriers, infrastructure shortcomings, academic quality disparities among universities, a lack of international research collaborations, and insufficient support for international students. Financial limitations and administrative roadblocks further exacerbate the issue. This conceptual paper explores the importance of internationalizing education in India, evaluates the current state of internationalization, and identifies the main obstacles to progress. In addition to analysing these challenges, the paper offers practical solutions that can help overcome them and expedite the internationalization of Indian higher education. These solutions include regulatory changes, infrastructure upgrades, expanded international partnerships, and enhanced financial support networks. Ultimately, this paper provides a framework for successfully advancing this critical process in India and aims to deepen awareness of the complex relationship between internationalization and education in the country.

The research analyzes social media's role in the creating and expressing of transgender identities. Social media sites, including Instagram, TikTok, Twitter, YouTube, and Reddit, are becoming increasingly important for transgender subjects to explore their gender identities, seek mutual support, and disseminate personal information. Using mixed methods, including surveys, interviews, and content analysis, the study explores how digital places afford possibilities for identity exploration and affirmation and visibility but also expose users to threats of cyberbullying, misinformation, and social pressure. The results reveal that social media can be a liberatory yet tormenting space in which the identity formation, mental well-being, and self-expression of transgender people are significantly affected. The paper closes with the suggestion for inclusive cyberspaces and responsible governance of platforms to truly address the concerns of marginalized communities.

The internationalization of education has transformed learning systems worldwide, fostering academic mobility, cross-border collaborations, and globally recognized curricula. However, while India embraces these changes, significant disparities persist in women's access to quality education, particularly in the context of internationalization. Despite progressive policies and global commitments to gender equality, structural, cultural, and economic barriers continue to hinder women’s participation in internationalized education systems. India has made notable progress in female literacy, with enrollment rates improving at primary and secondary levels (UNESCO, 2022). Yet, higher education and global academic opportunities remain disproportionately inaccessible to women, especially from rural and marginalized communities. The internationalization of education, often centered on urban elite institutions, risks exacerbating gender inequalities if not consciously designed to be inclusive. This paper examines the key challenges women face in India’s internationalization of education, analyzing socio-cultural constraints, economic barriers, digital divides, and policy gaps. It argues that without gender-responsive strategies, internationalization may reinforce existing disparities rather than bridge them.

The internationalization of education is emerging as a powerful strategy to transform India into a globally competitive knowledge economy. This conceptual article explores the strategic imperatives, challenges, and actionable pathways to integrate international dimensions into Indian higher education. Drawing on national initiatives like the NEP 2020 and global best practices, the article outlines policy reforms, academic partnerships, digital innovations, and capacity-building strategies essential for successful internationalization. It highlights real-world examples of collaborative research, faculty and student mobility, and institutional branding. The article concludes by emphasizing how internationalization enhances employability, fosters innovation, and contributes to national development through global engagement in education. This synthesis provides a roadmap for stakeholders aiming to make Indian education future-ready, inclusive, and globally relevant.