Boundary issues have always been a key focus in India-China relations. Highlighting the roles of history, policy, and diplomacy, this book traces the origins and development of the boundary problem during the British Raj. A.G. Noorani explains how British efforts to define a boundary in the western sector began immediately after the creation of Jammu & Kashmir in 1846. In contrast, in the eastern sector, such efforts only started sixty-five years later, amid perceived Chinese threats. Analyzing the roles of bureaucracy and diplomatic negotiations, the author offers a nuanced view of treaties, conventions, and internal debates among British officials with conflicting policies. Breaking new ground, this book evaluates the importance of the Indian Independence Act, 1947, and shows how diplomatic developments over the past century influenced the boundary issues between India and China, which eventually escalated into the dispute of 1959. The central argument is that history played a direct role in shaping effective policy. Based on archival research and unpublished sources, this volume includes twenty-two appendices and fourteen maps to offer a unique perspective on a long-standing problem.

As the world becomes increasingly interconnected, international education has emerged as a critical tool for sustainable development, particularly in emerging economies like India. With over 6 million students studying abroad globally in 2023—a figure expected to reach 7 million by 2030 (UNESCO, 2023)—international academic mobility and cross-border collaborations are reshaping higher education systems worldwide. Despite possessing the world’s third-largest higher education network, India hosted only 48,035 international students in 2021–22 (AISHE, 2023), indicating a significant gap in its global educational presence. This paper explores the transformative role of international education in achieving sustainable development in India. It highlights how global educational partnerships, research collaborations, and student mobility contribute to economic growth, social inclusion, and environmental sustainability. The paper examines India's current position within the global education landscape and suggests pathways for leveraging international education to foster innovation, enhance workforce skills, and promote sustainable practices. By aligning the National Education Policy 2020 with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the paper advocates for India’s transformation into an education hub that drives sustainable development through cross-border academic exchanges and global partnerships.

This research paper explores the potential of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in digitizing and preserving tribal heritage and culture, with a specific focus on Warli art and painting. Warli art, an ancient tribal art form from India, is a vital part of the cultural identity of the Warli community. However, this art form faces threats due to industrialization, urbanization, modernization, and lack of documentations. This study employs AI-powered techniques, including image processing, machine learning, and computer vision, to digitize and analyse Warli art and painting. The aim of this research is to develop a digital repository of Warli art, create a classification system for Warli art motifs, and design a predictive model for the conservation of art. The findings of this study demonstrate the effectiveness of AI in preserving tribal heritage and culture. The digital repository created can serve as a valuable resource for art historians, researchers, and for the Warli community to preserve their original culture to transform for the next generation. The classification system and predictive model can aid in art conservation and restoration efforts. The findings of this study demonstrate the effectiveness of AI in preserving tribal heritage and culture.

Maharashtra, a state in western India, boasts a rich cultural heritage, featuring numerous historical sites, monuments, and artifacts that date back centuries. However, many of these sites face threats from natural disasters, human activities, and climate change, which can result in irreversible damage or loss. This research paper explores how artificial intelligence (AI) can be applied to preserve and restore cultural heritage sites recognized by UNESCO in Maharashtra. This study focuses on digital preservation and restoration techniques, including 3D modeling, virtual reality, and machine learning. The researcher has conducted a comprehensive review of existing literature and case studies on AI-based preservation and restoration of cultural heritage sites in Maharashtra. The researcher also collaborated with experts from the field of archaeology; data collected through the questionnaire related to the preservation, restoration, and conservation of cultural heritage sites, and AI to gather insights on the potential and limitations of AI in preserving the chosen cultural heritage sites for the study. The researcher highlights the potential of AI in preserving and restoring cultural heritage sites in Maharashtra, including the Ajanta and Ellora caves, the Raigad Fort, Shaniwar Wada, Kanheri caves, and other heritage sites recognized by UNESCO. Out of these sites, the researcher has chosen Raigad Fort as a case study for this research. The researcher demonstrates how AI can be used to create detailed 3D models of the chosen sites, simulate restoration scenarios, and monitor the condition of the sites over time. This study contributes to the growing body of research on the application of AI in historical and cultural heritage preservation and provides insights for policy makers, conservators, and researchers working in this field.

As the global education landscape undergoes rapid transformation, the challenge for nations like India is to internationalize education while retaining indigenous ethical foundations. NEP 2020 recognizes the importance of both "internationalization at home" and the integration of Indian Knowledge Systems (IKS). This chapter investigates how teachers in India perceive and practice core human values—Truth, Righteousness, Peace, Love, and Non-Violence—within a global educational framework. Using a mixed-method survey grounded in Bloom's Taxonomy, data were collected from 150 teachers across ten Indian states. The study reveals that while teachers have a strong awareness of human values, their readiness to apply, evaluate, and innovate value-based pedagogy within an internationalized context remains limited. The chapter advocates for systemic reforms in teacher training, curriculum design, and policy orientation to enable Indian educators to become ambassadors of global citizenship rooted in local values.

The internationalization of education in India holds significant potential to enhance the quality of higher education, promote global collaboration, and improve research output. India's National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 has highlighted the need to engage with global academic institutions and encourage student and faculty mobility. However, the process of transforming India’s education sector through internationalization presents several challenges. These include policy and regulatory hurdles, such as unclear guidelines and complex approval processes, as well as financial barriers, including high costs and limited access to scholarships. Institutional challenges, such as inadequate infrastructure, shortage of qualified faculty, and uneven distribution of resources, further complicate the process. Additionally, cultural and social resistance, including apprehensions about Western influence and language barriers, create obstacles in adopting global educational models. Addressing these issues requires a comprehensive strategy involving policy reforms, increased funding, capacity building, and fostering a globally inclusive academic environment.

With the rise of artificial intelligence (AI), chatbots and AI-driven customer service solutions have become prevalent in various industries. This research paper compares the effectiveness of AI-driven customer service with traditional human customer care. The study examines response times, accuracy, customer satisfaction, and cost efficiency to determine which approach provides the best overall service. The findings highlight the strengths and weaknesses of each method and provide insights into the future of customer service. Additionally, the paper explores the impact of Natural Language Processing (NLP), Machine Learning (ML), and Sentiment Analysis in enhancing chatbot capabilities.