Present research paper explores about study the usability of Geo- literacy program for Geography subject. Geo- literacy emphasizes the development of the students geographical prospective through the study of the relationship between natural elements and human life through geographic reasoning and the applications of geographical elements. The objectives of the paper are i. To know the knowledge of Geographical concepts of School Teachers. ii. To study the understanding of the study about inter-relationship between nature and human life. iii. To study the usability of Geo- literacy program for Geography subject through School Teachers. Research data collection tool ‘opinionnaire’ was used. Researcher developed a program based on Geo-literacy and give it to selected Geography teachers to read the program. Based on that teacher gave their opinions through ‘opinionnaire’. The opinionnaire consisted of 20 questions in total. In this, 15 questions were closed ended and 5 questions were open ended. Information was collected from the teachers in qualitative and quantitative form. The researcher ranked the options in the following criteria. The information was analyzed and interpreted using Chi square test. The methodology of the research is a different type involving an interpretative, conversation, observations and study secondary sources, like books, articles, journals, thesis, university news, expert opinion, and websites etc

Digital transformation is an integral part information environment. Libraries are imperative to adapt and innovate according to the changing scenario of a new era of transformation. One of the iconic and prominent developments in this landscape is the integration of Artificial Integration (AI) technologies. This paper explores the implications of AI integration in libraries focusing on how it can be implemented in enhancing information services and improving user experiences. There are several key areas where the implication of AI is applicable. AI-powered chatbots and virtual assistants are bringing tremendous change in patron support 24/7 assistance and reference services. AI-based recommendation system enabling personalised content suggestions and resource discovery. Library operations are enhanced by AI-driven cataloguing and metadata management. This kind of service enhanced the accessibility of resources to users and the quality of services. AI empowers library human resources to use time effectively and expertise in other field of knowledge. Multiple challenges arise before using AI in libraries. Data privacy issues, bias in algorithms, and user acceptance are the main factors that need careful consideration. AI integration into the libraries is a big task. AI's capabilities to adapt to changing user needs, and leverage big data for informed decision-making create more inclusive and accessible services.

Science is considered as one of the important subject is two Year B.Ed. Curriculum. The Indian thinkers and Educationists whoSupported the study of science held that science method is an integrated part at the intimate contact. theybelieved that abolition of science would causes series injurious to Education in India. But as teacher if we can develop the self concept of B.Ed. students with help of our numerous activities. According to Rogers equates self concept with self structure, the self concept as structure may be thought of is organized configuration of perception of serf which are admissible to awareness. According to Johnsons there are fine elements of co- operative Learning, Individual accountability, positive Interdependence, face to face primitive interaction, small gray skills co-operative learning is the new concept and new approach to the Educational process co operative learning method are very effective When problems are created due to B.Ed. class. It is the large classes there no room to express one idea, activities for Exploration fordiscussion and to develop higher order thinking. Co-operative Learning methodwhere the students can work in small group learning helps to uselimited resources optimally by large number at B.Ed. students. The teacher to insert with many morestudents in groups and hence is able to diagnose B.Ed.students more easily.

The study focused on standard seventh-grade students, recognizing the direct influence of their food preferences on eating behaviors, overall health, and the potential for obesity. The primary objective was to enhance the eating habits of 40 students within this grade and raise awareness about the detrimental effects of consuming junk food. The research methodology commenced with a pre-test using a tailored questionnaire. Subsequently, an action program was implemented utilizing various engaging activities such as the CAM technique, constructing a food pyramid, staging a skit comparing healthy food to junk food, presenting food-related riddles, word search puzzles, and educational videos highlighting the adverse impacts of junk food consumption. Following the implementation, a post-test using the same questionnaire was conducted to assess the program's impact. Comprehensive analysis of each questionnaire item was performed using basic data analysis tools available in Microsoft Office Suite 2013, specifically Excel. Additionally, daily observations of the contents of students' lunch boxes were recorded. The study's outcomes revealed a notable enhancement in the students' eating habits after the program implementation. The changes were evident in both the post-test results and the observed contents of their lunch boxes.

his research paper, titled "Enhancing Learning: A Comprehensive Study of Curriculum Development and Instructional Design," aims to investigate the key components and best practices within the realms of curriculum development and instructional design. The study investigates the historical evolution of curriculum theories, theoretical frameworks guiding instructional design, and contemporary models shaping educational practices. By exploring the intricate elements of curriculum development, such as learning objectives and alignment with educational standards, and examining best practices in instructional design, including the integration of technology, this research seeks to uncover the factors that contribute to effective learning outcomes. Learning is a constant. People are constantly learning skills, content, competencies, and behaviors that add value and meaning to their lives. Instruction occurs when learning is structured by a learning facilitator in order to produce specific outcomes. The learning facilitator faces a challenge that can be successful with the direction of the Holy Spirit, knowledge of the learner, understanding of the learning process, and a mastery of subject- content. What is instruction? The concept of instruction, which has been traditionally “teacher-” or “content-” centered, is concerned with “learning” structures, processes, systems, environment, content, application, and behavior. The nature of the term instruction depends on the educator’s philosophical and theoretical orientation. Some of the major educational philosophies (Ornstein & Hunkins, 1993) behind instructional design models include perennialism, essentialism, progressivism, and reconstructionism.

ntegrated Teacher Education programs aim to streamline the educational pathway for aspiring teachers by combining undergraduate coursework with credentialing programs. This approach enables students to obtain both their bachelor's degree and teaching credentials within a single, cohesive program, reducing the time and resources needed to become a qualified teacher. These programs offer a multidisciplinary curriculum that encompasses liberal arts education, specialized content in chosen subject areas, and practical teacher training. Through foundational courses, fieldwork, and student teaching experiences, students gain a comprehensive understanding of educational theories, methodologies, and best practices. The significance of Integrated Teacher Education programs lies in their potential to produce well-prepared educators in a more efficient manner. By merging traditional undergraduate studies with professional training, these programs foster a seamless transition from academic preparation to classroom instruction. Students engage in hands-on experiences early in their educational journey, allowing them to apply theoretical knowledge in real-world educational settings. This early exposure helps in identifying and nurturing teaching talent, ultimately contributing to educational quality. Furthermore, these programs are designed to align with state and national teaching standards, ensuring that graduates are adequately prepared for the challenges of modern classrooms. They often focus on producing teachers who are culturally responsive and skilled in differentiated instruction, preparing them to meet the diverse needs of today's students. Integrated programs may also offer tracks that lead to specialized certifications, such as special education, bilingual education, or STEM teaching, which are areas often facing teacher shortages. Overall, Integrated Teacher Education programs offer an effective and streamlined pathway for producing competent, confident, and qualified teachers who are prepared to meet the challenges and complexities of 21st- century education.

Disability is a condition with which an individual cannot fully participate in the social and vocational activities. A person with disabilities has to face various altitudinal and environmental barriers. It segregates the person from the mainstream. In order to rehabilitate or empower the PWDS society has to take various steps. Both males and females suffer from disability but the condition of females with disability is more verse than that of males with disabilities. Therefore, through this article the researchers suggest and discuss the ways to improve or empower the women with disabilities.

Reservation terms refers to safeguard the seats in government jobs, politics and education for the people who comes in the category of reservation In India jobs are reserved in the public sector for the socially and educationally backward communities and the Scheduled Castes and Tribes. The policy is also enjoyed by the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Dr. Baba Ambedkar started this policy because of the caste system, and to upbring oppressed and give equal opportunity to the lower strata of the society This policy was meant to be continued for ten years only. But still the policy continues due to various reasons The duty of the government is to provide equal status to everyone therefore we can assume that the socially deprived class will be aligned to the main stream due to this policy Reservation was started for social upliftment of the downtrodden.

Memory is not wisdom; idiots can by rote repeat volumes.Yet what is wisdom without memory?” -Martin Farquhar Tupper India has got quite a varied educational heritage. The oldest system of education in India is the Gurukul system. This system was rich in its approach to education. The Gurus aimed at an overall development of an individual i.e. development as a human being, a social being, spiritual development and professional development. The methods of teaching were skill- based methods like experiential methods, natural learning methods and practical learning methods. Rote memorization was only used to remember and pass on the knowledge to the next generation as there were no books to preserve the knowledge in written form. Gradually with the Mughal rule, British rule, this system became scarce. During British rule the teaching became teacher centered and because of the unfamiliar foreign language English, students had to rote memorize the knowledge. The focus of study shifted from acquisition of knowledge to passing the exam. Thus rote memorization became the most prevalent method in Pre-Independent India. But as we can see the modern education system, in the last decades, there has been a paradigm shift. Education has become learner centered and focus is on understanding the concept rather than just memorizing it. Constructivism and active learning has replaced rote memorization. The educators now consciously make lesser and lesser use of rote memorization

This study investigated the intricate relationship between Adaptability Quotient (AQ), General Ecological Behaviour (GEB) and Personal Well-being (PW) among student teachers of B.Ed. colleges of Karwar, Karnataka. In a rapidly changing world, adaptability has emerged as a critical skill, and this research explored its impact on both ecological behaviour consciousness and individual well-being. The survey method is used to collect the data. The participants, student teachers from B.Ed. educational institutions provided valuable insights into their AQ levels, ecological behaviour, and personal well-being. The study analysed the data using statistical techniques and thematic analysis. The results revealed a significant positive correlation between AQ and ecological behaviour, suggesting that individuals with higher adaptability tend to exhibit greater environmentally friendly practices. Furthermore, the study uncovered a noteworthy association between ecological behaviour and personal well-being, highlighting the potential benefits of sustainable living on overall life satisfaction, mental health, and physical well-being. The study also found that AQ plays a mediating role in the relationship between ecological behaviour and personal well-being, indicating that adaptability might act as a bridge connecting environmentally responsible behaviours with improved individual well-being. These findings contribute to the growing body of knowledge on adaptability, ecological consciousness, and well- being. They have implications for both educators and policymakers, suggesting the importance of fostering adaptability skills among student teachers to promote ecological awareness and enhance personal well-being. The study underscores the interconnectedness of adaptability, ecological behaviour, and well-being in a world characterized by constant change and environmental challenges.

This study mainly aimed to study of Degree college students about their Conflict Resolution skills and communication skills. Quantitative method was utilized for the present study. A survey was conducted on degree college students and 75 students were randomly chosen as the sample for the present study. The present study results find out that, from the data of students' reflect that behaviour, conflict resolution and communication skill cognitive, emotional, and behaviour patterns are mostly affected from the structure of discrimination based on caste, gender, economic condition and age

The four pillars of Learning are knowledge, skills, understanding and Aptitude. According to UNESCO’s Learning: The Treasure within (1996), education throughout life is based on four pillars: learning to know, learning to do, learning to live together and learning to be. The commons movement (learning to study, inquire and co-construct together, learning to collectively mobilize, learning to live in a common world & learning to attend and care) is one suggested strategy presented by David Bollier of The Next System Project for leveraging mutuality, cooperation and collective action for a better world. There’s no limit to learning and the multidisciplinary educational approach mentioned in the NEP 2020 is the correct step taken towards promoting the same! In a multidisciplinary curriculum, multiple disciplines are used to study the same topic. Although the NEP 2020 has asked institutions to pay attention to it, stakeholders are still in a dilemma about its advantages & challenges. A 21st century skills-based curriculum pivots away from content acquisition and rote memorization to focus on the skills and abilities that will best serve our generation of young minds. Each 21st century skill is broken into one of three categories: Learning skills, Literacy skills & Life skills. Altogether, these categories cover all 12, 21st Century skills that contribute to a student’s future career. With 21st Century skills, students will have the adaptive qualities they need to keep up with a business environment that’s constantly evolving. Essentially, a multidisciplinary approach in education requires significant changes in the way curriculum is designed and taught. Schools need to equip themselves with experienced staff who can deliver such an approach and ensure they have the necessary resources. Additionally, there needs to be greater collaboration between different departments and institutions to ensure successful implementation. Lastly, many school systems lack the infrastructure and support needed to successfully integrate multidisciplinary learning.

The call for decolonization in education urges dismantling colonial legacies within learning systems. Despite advancements in inclusive education, visually impaired learners face significant challenges in accessing science education due to historical and contemporary barriers. This paper explores the historical evolution of science learning for visually impaired individuals, examines the current landscape, and proposes a theoretical framework for decolonizing science education for this group.