The growth and sustainability of tourism activity lies in the overall experience of the tourist. Tourist satisfaction index (TSI) acts as an important indicator for the performance of the present tourism function of that region as well as contributes as a planning tool for future tourism development. The consideration of tourism product appraisal thus involves analyzing its two major components i.e. resources and facilities vis-à-vis tourist experiences. Taking into account the diverse socio-cultural and economic milieu of the city as well as of tourists visiting Mumbai this research paper aims to present contemporary tourism activity in Mumbai City district and explore the idea of sustainable tourism development based on the tourist’s perspective.

The problem of waste is now being felt in space as well as on earth. There is so much rubbish growing around the earth in space that a mission has to be launched for it. Scientists estimate that there is 7600 tons of space waste around the earth. If a small piece of debris hits a satellite in space, it could split into thousands of pieces. Not only is that, but the speed of the satellite in danger of increasing to 25000 kilometers per hour. Fragments of satellites orbiting in space at this speed can be dangerous to other satellites. It is better not to think about what will happen if these pieces hit a human spacecraft. In the current age of science and technology, the rate of launching satellites into space has increased rapidly. Private companies have also started sending satellites. Rockets and their components needed to launch a satellite into space do not usually return to Earth. They revolve around the earth. So naturally, the more rockets go into space, the more waste there will be. It usually lasts 10 to 15 years after launching a satellite into space. After that it fails. But it keeps moving in space. Moreover, some satellites fail after going into space. So they are also moving. So the more satellites go into space, the greater the risk. For this, the whole world needs to think of the future and take concrete steps

Internet banking (E - banking) means any user with a personal computer and a browser can get connected his banks website to perform any of the virtual banking functions. Internet banking is a result of explored possibility to use internet application in one of the various do mains of commerce. Internet Banking is also called as online banking and it an outgrowth of PC banking. Electronic banking has experienced explosive growth and has transformed traditional practices in banking. E - Banking has become a global concept. E - Banking may make life easier in some ways but there are certain issues with respect to E- Banking. There are many advantages of online Banking the banking sector is expanding as a rapid rate in India. As of November 2020, the total number of ATMs in India increased to 209,282. Attempt is made through this paper to focus on the services covered under E-Banking such as Internet Banking, Mobile Banking, ATM, Debit Card, Credit Card, Point Of Sale, Electronic Data Interchange, and Electronic Fund Transfer. Electronic banking facility that allows its customers to undertake online banking services anytime during the day and at any place using the internet, for which the customers used to visit the banks in earlier days. Working women are the main component of any societal, banking and national system therefore it is important to ensure highest level of awareness to them towards new technologies such as mobile banking and minimize the problems being faced by the working women while using mobile banking services .The paper is also speaks about the benefits of E-Banking and its relation with the women.

Today, the use of mobile phones and the internet is an inseparable part of our daily lives. They play a significant role in every walk of day-to-day life, with banking not being an exception to this. Various mobile apps and websites have been developed to provide cost-effective and convenient facilities to customers. In the beginning, it was very difficult for a common man to adjust to this new system as cash transactions were a common and popular mode of making payments. However, the long queues and limited working hours of the banking system meant that a lot of time and energy was wasted on every transaction which led to fewer transactions per day. Further, the amount of paperwork involved meant that a lot of paper was used once and then discarded (Sesame, 2018). This was not environmentally sustainable. In the absence of Mobile Banking and Net Banking, the number of visits of the customers to Banks was significantly larger in number and if customers were using vehicles for these visits, it used to result in air and noise pollution, which was not environmentally sustainable. Mobile banking has various benefits such as the convenience of checking account balance, and transactions, transferring funds, making and receiving payments remotely at any time, having fraud checking mechanisms, etc, faster than it would take them to do the same activity in person at the bank (Strohm, 2021). Demonetisation and the COVID-19 pandemic proved that mobile banking is an essential service rather than a novelty (Wisniewski, 2022). This is due to the fact that it is both cashless and contactless. This paper tries to focus on the customer’s awareness in the city of Dombivli of mobile banking in the city of Dombivli, with a special emphasis on its environmentally friendly aspect.

The increasing incorporation of moral concerns and ethical values into industry practices could be a recent trend in mining governance, often enclosed underneath the umbrella term ‘responsible mining’. The effects of anthropogenic change require a strengthening of the socio-political and socio-economic anchoring of geoethical thinking. Geosciences are more than just technical and scientific disciplines. Geoscientific expertise connects geosciences and people's social life. The earth sciences are relevant to the functioning of societies, namely the operation of a techno sphere at local, regional and planetary scales. Therefore, expertise in geosciences includes a school of philosophical thought called Geoethics. Although originally conceived for professional use, geoethics should support the individual, professional and civil society actions of every citizen. India is blessed with important and large amounts of various natural resources that are primarily divided into 5 categories: fuel, metallic, non-metallic, atomic and minor minerals. The mining sites are generally in faraway and underdeveloped places along with indigenous lands and territories which are frequently ecologically sensitive. Mining enterprises have the ability to effect the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) set up in 2015 by the United Nations General Assembly, though historically a poor effect has been recorded that works against the fulfilment of the goals. We discuss a few suggestions for responsible mining that are all ethical practices to be followed by the mining sector in India

Environmental governance is a concept in political ecology, environmental policy and human geography that support sustainable development as the highest consideration for managing human activities. Political, social and economic. Administration involves government, business, and civil society, and the emphasis is on system management as a whole. To capture this diverse range of components, environmental governance often uses alternative governance systems, for example watershed-based management. It sees natural resources and the environment as global public goods, which do not diminish when they are shared in categories. This means that everyone, for example, benefits from a breathable environment, stable climate and stable biodiversity.

The paper presents focused on the new agenda in Indian agriculture should have a goal that explicitly focuses on improving agricultural systems and addresses rural development in an integrated manner. While Indian agriculture has crossed the threshold of traditional farming to modern agri-business, the objective of ensuring equity and sustainability becomes all the more important. Agriculture must change to meet the rising demand, to contribute more effectively to the reduction of poverty and malnutrition, and to become ecologically more sustainable. This paper analyses the issues related to sustainable agriculture development. There is hope for positive changes as more and more farmers are becoming open-minded and government is coming up with new initiatives. The study recommends that problems – largely institutional, structural, and administrative – need to be overcome for development in general and sustainable agricultural development in particular. In general, the farmers considered their farm activities to be more sustainable than in the past. They demonstrated an understanding of the general idea of sustainable agriculture. The farmers demonstrated a realization that there were some new, or low-cost measures that could be introduced to make management more sustainable and pro-environmental, but there was still a need for wider adoption of sustainable agricultural practices.

The lives of women have been linked to the environment of each region. Women are more closely associated with environment. Their work is important in terms of environmental sustainability. They are constantly working on the health and well-being of everyone in the family. The health of others is in her hands. On the whole, human life in that region provides resources from the environment while making a living. There are many businesses running but not only business but daily life is connected to the environment. Air, water, seasons, food, minerals, clothing, homes, fuel, health, business, etc. In all such cases, women's lives are related to the environment. Women have direct interaction with environmental resources like fuel, food and fodder, forest, water and land in rural areas. A lot of studies on women and environment have described that women is very close to nature and they are significant agents in natural resource management and they are major contributors to environmental rehabilitation and conservation. Women are having base and skills for better environmental resource management. Rural women are key players in achieving the economic, environmental and social changes required for sustainable environmental development. There is a large number of women farmers and women laborers all over the world. Their empowerment is necessary not only for the individual but also for the welfare of the family and the rural community. The present paper looks into the role of women in environmental sustainability in rural area. It is also intended to assess the relation between rural women in agriculture and environmental sustainability. The study is mainly a theoretical and analytical. The relevant material is collected from the secondary sources. In rural areas, women are more closely linked to the environment. They care about the environment as much as they care about the family. Women can play an important role in protecting the environmental sustainability.

The growing population has a direct impact on the ecological balance. The world's population is growing rapidly and its adverse effects are being seen on the environment. In India, the population is on the rise and India's growing population is an obstacle to sustainable economic growth. As the population grows and the demand for goods and services increases, so does the pace of industrialization. Increasing industrialization is degrading the environment and raising the question of whether there will be natural resources for the welfare of future generations. Neglecting the environment in India will have dire consequences as the economy, which is being disrupted by environmental pollution, is adversely affecting people's livelihoods.

Crop production, livestock, horticulture crops, and fisheries are all part of a comprehensive agricultural system. The current state of these combinations is determined by the predominant mode of these systems in a given location. As a result, important integrated farming systems with internal cost adjustment, return, revenue, and employment in the agricultural systems must be identified. The research was carried out in the Maharashtra district of Raigad in the year 2007 to 2012.

A dam is a multipurpose project. India is a tropical country. After monsoon there is shortage of water in remaining eight months. Storage of water through dam reservoirs is necessary for agriculture and industrial manufacturing. Also, hydroelectricity is one of the important goals satisfied through dam Construction. Maharashtra rank first in dam construction in India. There are around 1821 large and small dams in Maharashtra. Koyana dam is the largest and tallest dam and then Bhatsa and Vaitarana dam. Ujjani Dam is the largest dam in Maharashtra in terms of total storage capacity of 3,140.000.000 m3. In this paper main focus is on some positive and negative points of Dams in Maharashtra. How the biodiversity affected by construction of dams. The role dams of also important for the change of local climate condition and landscape features. Key words: agricultural progress, flood control, Drought prone area in Maharashtra, climate change, local area benefits, hydroelectricity and rehabilitation issues.

The world is in transformation, and energy is at the center of it. Since 2000, India has been responsible for over 10% of the rise in global energy demand. India's energy demand has nearly doubled during this time, with the country's share of world demand rising to 5.7 percent in 2013 from 4.4 percent at the turn of the century. India's primary energy demand has increased from approximately 441 Mtoe in 2000 to approximately 775 Mtoe in 2013. In 2030, this demand is predicted to rise to around 1250 million toe (according to the International Energy Agency) or 1500 million toe (according to the Integrated Energy Policy Report). India's energy consumption has nearly doubled since 2000, with significant room for continued rapid expansion. However, the rise in domestic energy generation is far insufficient to meet India's consumption requirements. Imports will account for more than 40% of primary energy supply by 2040, up from 32% in 2013. It's also worth noting that no country has ever been able to achieve a Human Development Index of 0.9 or higher without having at least 4 toe of yearly energy supply per capita. As a result, there is a significant unmet demand for energy services that must be met in order for people to have adequate earnings and a decent standard of living. India can use green hydrogen to decarbonize its energy-intensive sectors including industry, transportation, and power.

Sustainable agriculture is term used for growing food that will nurture environment, economy and society. Sustainable agriculture is capable of producing diverse forms of high-quality foods, fibers and medicines. It is regenerative farming which sufficiently produces food, fiber and repairs damage. In present era it is observed that prevalent practices of cropping under extensive as well as intensive farming have caused harm to soil and environmental problems because of which agricultural production cannot be sustained. Today’s industrial farming methods are depleting our natural resources through monoculture and overuse of pesticides and fertilizers. Sustainable agriculture is a way to maintain soil fertility, water purity, it preserves bio-diversity. It helps in conserving the biological, physical and chemical qualities of the soil. Sustainable agriculture is an effort to produce food on a continuous basis, while adopting measure to overcome the damage caused by destructive practices. The principle of Sustainable agriculture points to -meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of the future generations to meet their own needs. Sustainable agriculture is ecologically sound way, economically viable, socially just and humane, culturally appropriate and has a holistic as well as scientific approach. Sustainable agriculture does not deplete soil, it is based on the strategy to protect soil and water, and it supports local communities and promote health of the people.

Due to the continuous increase of environmental pollution in recent years, the high concentration of particulate matters in air has greatly reduced the amount of solar radiation that can reach the earth, and this reduction has a direct effect on the use of solar energy in buildings. To quantify this attenuation effect, historical meteorological data collected from Panvel region from January 2021 to December 2021 and it is used to investigate the correlation between clearness index (reflecting available radiation) and air quality index (reflecting pollution level). The analysis results have revealed that higher air quality index would result in lower clearness index, and the sunny days gave higher decreasing rate than cloudy days. This study presents an impact of air pollution and PV soiling on solar resources and techno-economic performances of PV systems.

Saving Electricity & making renewable sources of energy the alternatives for electricity generation is perhaps the biggest problem the world is facing now. Looking at current electricity generation requirements and the declining supply of non-renewable sources of energy, Solar energy & solar enabled devices are the only hope for the future generations to meet the rising electricity demands. This paper focuses on a very innovative technique used nowadays called the grid connected PV systems in which one can take a benefit of both, the solar generated electricity and the usual grid system as per the requirements. This paper analyzes the cost of installing grid connected PV systems and the monthly savings on electricity bills after installation and the approximate time required to recover all the invested money. This paper also compares the electricity bills of every month generated before and after installation of solar panels with the grid system. For this analysis, we obtained electricity bills from 2017 till date for every month and studied the electrical units, bill amounts, electricity exported from solar panels to grid system & electricity imported from grid system to the actual utility. It was observed that the electricity bill reduced substantially after installation of grid connected PV systems and hence grid connected PV systems can be a good alternative in the near future.

Milk is an essential food for both children in urban and rural areas. A wide variation of adulterants mixing from both regions was observed, which causes diarrhoea, eyesight problems, headaches, etc. The purpose of this study is to allow the consumer to become aware of a few common contaminants in milk and create awareness and educate them by using some household tests for noticing adulterants in milk so they can save themselves from this.

Environment sustainability is an important topic; every country has adopted their environment related policies likely India have regulated many environments related acts. Indian Government are working hard on environment related issues. Many initiatives and programs were organized by various concern organizations. With reference to this, legal measures should be correlative / supportive to said cause. In this research I have analyzed previous research papers on said topic as well as dissertations made by the scholars, report of a company and NGOs who are working on environment sustainability projects. By this study it is observed that, the acts regulating in India on environment related topics were regulated and timely amended. The environment courts are ensuring the due use of these laws but, it is observed that certain loop holes can be fulfilled while referring the laws and policies of foreign countries. The companies and the NGOs who are taking initiatives on environment related issues should get more motivation and funding to promote this noble cause. Inculcation of environmental studies in traditional and professional courses is duly important. By saving the environment humans, wildlife and natural resources can be protected. Such research study shall help in the future as a guideline as well as a source of direction towards the change in environmental issues.

The analysis of density and distribution of population is fundamental for understanding the population geography of any area. The population distribution is a spatial arrangement of people in a region, which is mainly based on the aggregate of investigation about the people within small areal units of region. Population distribution is a dynamic which is ever changing, and its causes and effects vary in spatio-temporal frame. Keeping this aspect in view the present study focuses on the status of distribution, density, and concentration in the newly formed Palghar district of Maharashtra state which is largely dominated by tribal population. The present work is an attempt to study spatio-temporal distribution of tribal population at taluka level in Palghar district based on census data of India from 1991 to 2011.

Role of land in the context of economic development of tribal is essential. Provisions of decent alternative livelihood support to the tribal and political economy of land relations are important because land is more contentions assets. Land relations are crucial in case of tribal development, well known economist Daniel Thorner remarked that colonial rule had left India with the most refractory land relations. To study the Impact of Land Acquisition on Tribal Development in India, to study a role of Government in tribal development and analyse Rehabilitation and resettlement policies of Government of India for displaced people are the objectives of this study. This study is purely based on doctrinal and qualitative approach for thorough analysis of existing data through studies, research papers, websites and observation of focus groups. Whenever government perform land acquisition for eminent domain tribal are often suffered. Tribal development is always underestimated by policy makers. Land is not only the source of bread and butter for tribal, but also a matter of dignity. While acquiring land under the eminent domain by government, tribals are often suffer because they are less united and do not have much bargaining power and that is why it is easy for the government to acquire tribal land.

Labour plays an important role in shaping the growth of a country. Major labour force of India earns their living through work in the unorganised segment of the economy. Unorganised sector is in existence in rural as well as in urban areas. In rural areas Smaller and marginalized farmers, landless farmers, fisherman, wood cutting, labours in animal husbandry, brick kilns, quarries, mills etc. falls in unorganised sector. In urban areas construction workers, labourers in small scale industry, casual labour, handloom workers, employees in shops and commercial institutes, sweepers and scavengers, workers in other unprotected labour came in to this sector. There are various beneficiary schemes for organised workers but there are very less beneficiary schemes to unorganised sector workers.It is important to have welfare policies for unorganized workers because they form major proportion in Indian economy over organized sector. Because they they are having uncertainty in their work and wages. This gives rise to various problems. Like education of their children, pension, leaves and compensation etc. Though India is developing country there are many welfare schemes for unorganised sector workers are implemented. Labour welfare is in concurrent list so both central and state governments had worked some plans on labour welfare according to their needs .But there are many hurdles in implementations of these welfare schemes such as low literacy rate, lack of information, migrant workers, child labour etc. In the present research paper an attempt has been made to study some welfare schemes for unorganised workers and problems in their implementation

The conflict between economic development and environment sustainability appears to be never ending. While the world as we know it is melting in the onslaught of climate change manifested in untimely rains, loss of agriculture, and threat to the cities from rising sea levels, a ‘global-to-local’ vision is imperative for understanding the issues in proper perspective. This paper is an attempt to trace the economic development of Pune city which has emerged as a major urban centre in the last few decades with all its economic glory, in the form of educational centres par excellence, magnificent IT and auto clusters, and a bustling young population. A noticeable change in the social culture has added colours to this development. All these factors converge into an undeniable fact that Pune has arrived on the global map. While this journey is fascinating enough, the questions that need to be asked are about the loss of irreplaceable environmental assets of trees, river bodies, pleasant climate and quality of life that comes from these environmental treasures.

The COVID-19 pandemic affected education sector drastically. It led to total closure of Schools, Colleges and Universities which affected on almost 94% of students worldwide. Due to sudden lockdown, there is transition of students and teachers to online teaching-learning mode. This situation had challenged the educational institution to shift into online mode which have been not used before. In India, around 250 million students were affected due to closures at the onset of lockdown induced by COVID-19. The pandemic posed several challenges which included an expected rise in dropouts, learning losses, and increase in digital divide. Many academic institutions have taught us that changes are inevitable. The Sudden shift in the teaching methods have shown wide inequalities in capacity of teachers, learning outcomes, digital infrastructure provided by the government and access to the technology to different sections of the students. Numerous educational institutions in India are not equipped with digital facilities right now to cope with online education system. This study is mainly focusing on impacts of COVID-19 on educational sector, positive and negative impact of COVID-19 on education sector, are the government efforts and policies are accessible and beneficial to all the students? Impact on Teaching and learning system during this pandemic.

India declared a nationwide lockdown in March 2020, which extended time to time, considering the increasing number of cases of Covid-19. Covid-19 resulted from the tremendous loss of human lives and assets. As per data, 5, 20,907 deaths were recorded in India till 2022. The Covid-19 pandemic, there was resulted in a 59% loss of Income, 38% lost jobs, and 28% reduced fruit and vegetable consumption. People were facing stress and economic shocks which directly impacted their health, they started health problems like diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, etc. In Covid-19 psychosocial distress due to loss of job or income and had difficulties in accessing the health services by the public. The Covid-19 pandemic created a great challenge for the health sector, due to the paucity of testing kits and services, weak surveillance systems, and above all poor medical care facilities in developing countries like India. A large no of people suffered from mental health issues during the pandemic which included fear of infection, the stigma associated with infection, isolation due to imposed by individual’s compliance with lockdown norms, temporary unemployment, home schooling, etc. The pandemic has caused widespread anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms

Tourism industry is regarded as the backbone of economic growth, particularly in developing countries. It is one of the major sources of foreign exchange earnings (FEE) and employment. In early January 2020 new virus named coronavirus (Covid-19) were identified in China. The rapid spread of Covid-19 not only had a massive impact on the global economy, but it also posed a threat to human life and also disrupted normal economic activities. The Covid-19 crisis has had the greatest impact on global travel and tourism than any other sector. The pandemic shut down the tourist industry around the world, and countries around the world continued to impose travel restrictions in order to control the spread of the virus. It crippled the tourism industry by negatively affecting international and domestic tourists. This study is to use statistical evidence to investigate the impact of Covid-19 in the Indian context. For this study, the secondary research methodology was used

Agriculture is India's most common occupation and is often regarded as the country's economic backbone. The share of agriculture in gross domestic product (GDP) has reached almost 20 per cent for the first time in the last 17 years, making it the sole bright spot in GDP performance during 2020-21, according to the Economic Survey 2020-2021. Agriculture is strongly established in Indian culture, and it is more than a career or a business. Tourism is a growth driver for many countries throughout the world. Agrotourism is a type of tourism that combines farming with tourism. As a result, supplementing agricultural revenue with some touristic activity is bringing fresh optimism and better lives to the region. Agrotourism is a sort of alternative tourism that is a better option than mass tourism in current scenario. People in urban areas are becoming agitated and distancing themselves from nature. They get away from their city lives every now and then. This study discusses how agrotourism can be used to boost agriculture and strengthen rural communities of Karjat taluka which is located at Raigad district of Maharashtra state.

Tourism has grown from the pursuit of a privileged few to a mass movement of people with the urge to discover the unknown, to explore new and strange places, to see changes in environment and to undergo new experiences during the post- world war period when tourism grew into a mass tourist industry. Tourism is multi-faceted and has its various links with the manufacturing and retail sectors. It has numerous seasonal or unofficial businesses which makes assessment of the market size of tourism extremely difficult The present paper aims to understand the tourism development potentials of Nashik district. Both Primary and Secondary data has been used to understand the patterns of tourism. Nashik has tremendous growth potential for tourism with the given climatic conditions, natural historical and cultural factors. Tourism development is of great importance because of the anticipated economic benefits which tourism brings in with increased income and employment opportunities. Since tourism is now an integral part of modern societies its study and analysis become imperative if its potential economic and Social Benefits Are To Be Maximized and Developed in a Manner Consistent with the Society’s Goal.

Worli Koliwadas is one of the most important Koliwadas in Mumbai. It mainly has Hindu and Christian Kolis as its residents. Various kinds of problems are faced by them on day-to-day basis in fishing and also because of migrants settling in the Koliwada. These problems affect their day to day lives and also their occupation. Apart from problems related to migrants, they also face problems due to poor government policies and negligence of local bodies towards the development of the Koliwada.

Climate change is the outcome of natural as well as man-made reasons. What we currently see is a set of erratic climatic episodes which are predominantly correlated to excessive amounts of CO2 and other GHGs released by mankind. Mankind definitely seems to have not been kind enough in matters of environmental protection and conservation. Although scientists are uncertain whether climate change will lead to an increase in the number of storms, there is more confidence that warmer ocean temperatures and higher sea levels are expected to intensify their intensity and impacts. Stronger hurricanes will be far more costly in terms of damages and deaths without action to make coastal (and inland) areas more resilient. The economic cost of climate change can be seen in the ever-growing losses caused by cyclones and hurricanes. As a result of global warming, cyclones are proving to be the worst accounting for major loss of lives as well as economic damage.

India is one of the danger susceptible international locations in South Asia. Floods, droughts, landslides, snowstorms, hurricanes and cyclones arise regularly. Among those earthquakes, floods and drought hazard are extraordinarily high. These dangers threaten hundreds of thousands of lives and purpose big scale financial, infrastructure, agriculture and productiveness losses that severely avoid India’s general improvement. The GOI have a country wide emergency plan for catastrophe control, a number of the nation additionally has a catastrophe control plan. It analytically evaluates the exceptional levels via which catastrophe control institutional shape has long gone via and gift device is reached in India. The Planning Commission, that is the one of the superior agency coping with improvement trouble of the us of a, taken into consideration approximately the catastrophe mitigation and control after greater than fifty years of independence in 2002 in Tenth Five 12 months Plan. The 3 consecutive screw ups in India associated with Cyclone (1999), Earthquake (2001), and Tsunami (2004) made us realise approximately the pressing want of a complete and holistic catastrophe control device which results in Disaster Management Act in 2005. The Prime Minister is at the top of catastrophe control device in India indicates the significance being given through the charter to the trouble.

Growth of urban population is the characteristic of 21st century; urban towns are evolving at much faster rate than the earlier decades. Himachal Pradesh, a small state of India covering 1.69 percent of area has least urbanisation of all states. In this paper, trends of urbanisations and spatial patterns of growth in urban population in Himachal Pradesh have been analysed from 1951 to 2011, with the help of secondary data and GIS software. With the analysed trends and spatial patterns it has been found that after 1961 there is a constant increase in urban population. Shimla with 24.74 percent has highest portion of urban population, followed by Solan with 17.6 percent. Lahaul Spiti and Kinnaur have no urban population due to remote locations. Other districts have moderate to low portion of urban population.

Himachal Pradesh is primarily an agricultural state, with agriculture employing 71% of the population and cash crops accounting for the majority of the state's earnings. Wheat, maize, rice, barley, seed-potatoes, ginger, vegetables, vegetable seeds, mushrooms, chicory seeds, hops, and olives are among the most important food crops cultivated in Himachal Pradesh agriculture. Because of its large-scale fruit production, Himachal Pradesh is also known as the "Apple State of India." Farmers' principal priority is how to make the best use of limited land. The current research seeks to examine the change in area under different food crops in Himachal Pradesh from 1990-91 to 2015-16. According to the findings, the state's typical cropping pattern is altering. From 1990-91 to 2015-16, the area under cereals and pulses in Himachal Pradesh declined by 5.1 percent and 1.5 percent, respectively, while the area under fruits and vegetables grew. The state is moving away from cultivating cereals and pulses and toward growing fruits and vegetables. During the given time, the biggest negative change in the area of cereals was discovered in Shimla, while the highest positive change in the area of cereals was found in Solan. Shimla district has the largest positive change in fruits, whereas Una district has the highest negative change in the given time. The most practical method for utilising these restricted resources is to adjust the cropping style.

Customer engagement marketing is defined as a company’s considerate effort to motivate, empower, and measure customer contributions to marketing functions additionally it marks a shift in marketing research and business practice. Brand initiate customer engagement strategy as a plan to surge customer satisfaction to interact with the customers so that the brand last for a long term in customer mind. After defining and differentiating engagement marketing, it presents a typology of its two primary forms that link specific strategic elements to customer outcomes and thereby firm performance, hypothesizing that the efficacy of engagement marketing arises from the establishment of psychological possession and self-transformation. The research is aimed to recognize the gaps among the engagement marketing achieved through the brands and the actual engagement of the customers towards that brand. On the basis of engagement marketing the study will be approached for customer satisfaction, preferences, perception, consumer buying behavior etc. As being a broad concept, the two types of engagement marketing will be premeditated that is task-based engagement marketing and experiential based engagement marketing. A successful Engagement Marketing surely engages the customers for the long run, which ultimately leads to increase in sales and revenue generation for the company, apart from that engagement marketing also makes an initiative to engage customer in such a way that it benefits to the society. The research will be supported with the evidence in the form of analysis and interpretation for the engagement marketing.

Robert Forst has created indelible niche as a nature poet in the realm of American Literature. He is a prolific American poet of twentieth century who combines humanity and nature. He emphasizes on inter-relationship between nature and man. He focuses on the manner in which human emotions and nature are inseparable. In his poems--“Birches”, “Stopping by Wood on Snowy Evening” and “After Apple-Picking” he convincingly relates the human emotions, feelings and nature. He narrates a story of a man who deeply connected with snowy evening while passing through the woods spontaneously. He also depicts his attachment with the nature and observes the beauty of the forest but at the same time, he agrees the woods are lovely but he has to control his temptation as he has certain responsibilities to be performed in his life. Frost reflects his nostalgia after observing a common birch tree and traces how in company of nature human people can accomplish highest bliss. After Apple Picking is also an embodiment of significant facet of nature becoming source of happiness. In short, poet witnesses the presence of nature in human life. There is inspiring and powerful philosophical vein prevalent in the nature poems of Robert Frost. This research paper primarily aims at exploration of beauty of nature and its grandeur in the poems of Robert Frost.

The present paper is focused on the advanced Information and Communication Technology available to dissemination of knowledge flow from one to another. Each and every day, new technology comes into existence, with their own new features like user friendliness and cost-effectiveness. To retrieve authentic information from the web is a difficult task to do for learners, and this has become an opportunity for library professionals. The study reveals how the college central library automatically fulfilled their learners’ demands on time through available state of the arts information and communication technology

The new mixed ligand complexes of the Cerium metal are obtained by using (2Z)-2-(N-hydroxyimino)-1, 2-diphenylethan-1-ol as a primary ligand and various amino acids like L-Arginine, L-Glutamine, L-Asparagine as a secondary ligand .The analysis of synthesized complexes has been carried out on the basis of elemental analysis, magnetic susceptibility measurements, electrical conductance details, UV-Visible and IR spectrophotometric measurements, TG DTA studies. All new complexes are formed in the ratio of 1:2:1 which is finalized by elemental analysis. Paramagnetic nature of the new synthesized Ce (III) complexes has been confirmed by magnetic susceptibility measurements. Electrical conductance studies clears their non-electrolytic nature. FTIR spectra shows that the Cerium(III) metal ion is bonded to primary ligand and secondary ligand through donor atoms which are N and O atomes present in the given ligands, while intra ligand and LCMT transitions are proved by electronic absorption spectra of the complexes. The thermal studies of complexes reveal the presence of coordinated H2O molecules, metal ion and primary as well as secondary ligand in the synthesized complexes. Antibacterial activity of all the complexes studied against selective microorganisms S. typhi, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, C. diphtheriae by Tube dilution and Agar cup methods exposes that the complexes have moderate activity against the chosen microorganism strains.

In the numerical analysis, spline interpolation is a form of interpolation where the interpolant is a special type of piecewise polynomial called a spline. That is, instead of fitting a single, high-degree polynomial to all of the values at once, spline interpolation fits low-degree polynomials to small subsets of the values. Spline interpolation is often preferred over polynomial interpolation because the interpolation error can be made small even when using low-degree polynomials for the spline. Spline interpolation also avoids the problem of Runge's phenomenon, in which oscillation can occur between points when interpolating using high-degree polynomials.

Videoblogs (vlogs) have emerged as a new form of communication in a virtual community. During Corona, pandemic viewers on various online platforms increased due to a number of phases of lockdown. The objective of this study was to explore and understand the video vlogger community, its content, and its impact on viewers. The number of vlogs has increased significantly in the last few years. Video blogs (or vlogs) are blogs where each post is a video. Vlogs have become increasingly popular over the recent years. The use of videos allows the video bloggers (vloggers) to express their opinions/views and interact with their viewers/subscribers more directly and interactively. Most vloggers look to other vloggers and friends for feedback and support (Luers, 2007). Luers (2007) also identified a few social needs fulfilled by vlogging- being connected, finding validation for one’s experience and ideas, and being a producer as well as a consumer (Luers, 2007). As vlogs are becoming increasingly popular, their potential business applications cannot be overlooked. Sindhudurg is the smallest district in Maharashtra with a population of 849,651 (2011 census). Located in one of the hotspot regions in Western Ghat increasingly witnessed by many events. Especially mining, sons of soil issues, power projects, road projects, deforestation, elephant migration, tourism, etc. Vlogs can not only serve as web-based journals for everyday users but also can be used as a motivation factor. Hence this paper is an attempt to understand the role of regional vloggers in creating awareness about the environment and sustainability

Tourism is one of the most vital industries in the global economy. It is a tool for development in countries where there are fewer resources available. One of the significant aspects of tourism is its impact on the stakeholders. One of the important stakeholders in tourism is the host communities at tourist destinations. Local communities are involved in the tourism industry directly or indirectly. The tourism industry has a significant impact on the lives and livelihood of the local populations. The locals living near tourist destinations always have a different viewpoint towards tourists and tourism. Understanding of the local perception towards tourism activity is considerably important as it can help in the careful understanding of tourism in that destination. In Himachal Pradesh, Kangra is the most populous and well-known district for tourism. A perspective survey was conducted to understand how tourism activity impacts the local communities in the two tourist centres of the Kangra district. Dharamshala and Palampur were the two tourist centres where the survey of 200 local populations was carried out. A total of 32 indicators or outlook statements were considered here covering the aspects of the environmental, economic, infrastructure, and socio-cultural impact of tourism. These impacts were categorized as positive and negative impacts. The purpose of this research was to examine how tourism influences the way of life of host communities in Kangra district, Himachal Pradesh as a case study and thereby give suggestions for sustainable tourism development in the region.

A river basin is a hydrological unit surrounded by natural ridges that allow the runoff to drain in a well-defined drainage pattern of streams flowing within the boundaries of the watersheds due to rainfall. Rainfall and runoff are the substantial hydrologic component in the water resources assessment. Various methods are available to estimate runoff from rainfall; still, the Soil Conservation Service Curve Number (SCS-CN) method remains the most popular and often used method as runoff curve number (CN) is an essential factor of the SCS-CN method and depends upon land use/land cover (LULC), soil type, and antecedent soil moisture (AMC) data. Also, various parameters, such as Hydrological Soil Characteristics (HSG), precipitation (P), Potential Maximum Retention (PMR), and Antecedent Moisture Condition (AMC) are the mandatory inputs to the SCS-CN model. In the results, the daily runoff from the Amravati River basin for an average of 31 years, i.e., 1990 to 2021, has been used. As a result, the average annual surface runoff calculated for the Amravati River basin is 223 mm. The total average volume of runoff is 1.77 X 108 m3/year or 1.77 X 1011 Liters/year or 6.25 thousand Million Cubic Feet (TMC), representing 35.68 % of the total average annual rainfall.

When Arthur Hamilton wrote the famous song “Cry me a River" in 1953 he used it as a metaphor for grief. Today that grief may well pervade the state of our rivers in India. Rivers have had both a cultural, economic and spiritual significance in the life of Man since time immemorial. For example the famous Dr David Livingstone a medical missionary whom we learnt about in school, went on a long adventure of the Rift Valley which extends all along from Egypt to East Africa, in search of the origin of the Nile. When Henry Morton Stanley met Dr Livingstone in the town of Ujiji on the shores of Lake Tanganyika he is known to have uttered those famous words “Dr Livingstone, I presume". Many old civilisations flourished next to rivers and that is true of India as well. The first Harappan civilisations were located next to the River Indus. The Indus Valley Civilisation located itself mainly in the north-western regions of South Asia extending from what today is northeast Afghanistan to Pakistan and northwest India. Along with ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia it was one of three early civilisations of the Old World and of the three, perhaps the most widespread. In this paper I will try to prove the importance of Rivers in Indian Economy and its growth.

The study is been conducted on salt pans of Mira-Bhayandar city of Thane district. It covers an area of 79.4 square kilometer. Mira-Bhayandar is located on the threshold of Brihan Mumbai Metropolis. The total population of the city is estimated approximately 814656 the male population is more than female population which is 429,261 that is (53 %) and 380,119 that is (46%) respectively. In this city the population under 0-6 age years is 88016 that is 10%. Mira-Bhayandar city is demarcated natural water tanks which are spread out in different parts of the city and there are many salt pans located in this region. Salt pans are of two types Natural and man-made salt pans. When the water from the sea gets evaporated it leaves behind many minerals but salt is commonly rich amongst those minerals. As the city is located in vicinity to Vasai creek some of the salt pans have connection to Arabian Sea via Vasai creek.

This research is based on an examination of drinking water parameters in a number of villages in Panvel, Maharashtra, India. A sample was collected from each of Panvel's six villages. Water was studied in detail in terms of colour, temperature, acidity, hardness, pH, sulphate, chloride, DO, BOD, COD and alkalinity. Some water analysis reports with physicochemical parameters have been provided for the parameter exploration study. Guidelines for various physicochemical parameters have also been provided for relating the value of a real water sample. The current study found that some of the water samples did not meet drinking water standards.

India being Agro-based country, majority of rural households depend upon agricultural sector but currently facing two major problems related to availability of fertile land and water, so integration of aquaculture and agriculture i.e., Aquaponics is a big hope for sustainable crop production at a very minimum cost and less requirement of water and land. As per primary research, not everyone is aware about its benefit and demand in coming times. The main aim and objective of this study is to make people aware about aquaponics farming techniques its benefits especially in underdeveloped region with scarcity of water and land and educate people about setting up aquaponics systems. People will have a positive approach towards adopting this method not only commercially but also individually, as suggestions one can set up aquaponics individually at home backyard or terrace, govt. can take initiative in making people adopt this system in private buildings and infrastructures. So as conclusion, it will become consumers first preference as the food produced using aquaponics method is 100% organic and chemical free and variety of crops can be grown. Also, for entrepreneurial spirits it’s the most demanded field, generating employment by attracting youth towards agriculture sector, sustainable development and waste management and welfare towards the society and its development.

Customers are the focal point in the development of successful marketing strategy. Marketing strategies both influence and are influenced by consumers’ affect and cognition, behavior and environment. In the banking field a unique ‘Relationship’ exists between the customers and the bank. But because of various reasons and apprehensions like financial burdens, risk of failure, marketing inertia etc., many banks are still following the traditional ways of marketing and only few banks are making attempts to adapt CRM. It is with this background, the researcher has made a modest attempt towards the idea that CRM can be adapted by the Greater Bank in the banking industry for betterment of Banking Services. The lack of understanding on Customer Relationship Management (CRM) is always a concern among the service providers especially banks. Banks have their own way of managing their relationships with the customers. However, the perception of customers on CRM practices among banks should also be taken into consideration. Here in this paper, effort is given to study the comparative perception of Greater Bank customers in the issue of CRM practices. It is observed that the approach of CRM by Greater Bank and other nationalised are to some extent same and one but the reach is quiet distinguishable. It is due to the profile, their capability and the strategy of CRM in making it and reaching down to customers. On the contrary, it can also be asserted that the background of both banks also found as a big cause for reaching the top CRM. Hence, CRM is an inevitable tool of marketing that can be considered as Critical Responsibility of Market with regard to Banks in present context.

Geography is an interdisciplinary subject studies the man-environment relationship over a period of time along with spatial distribution. The subject includes the physical and man-made environment. The modern society is responsible for disturbance in natural geographical environment having negative impact on people. There is need to conserve the environment for sustainable development. Geographical knowledge can be well described with the help of graphs, diagrams, tables, photographs, satellite images and maps. Geography is one of the important subjects taught in schools by using different methods. Map is a tool used to create geographical environment awareness among school children. The map reading and map filling skills are very much important to teach and learn about geographical environment, its degradation and conservation. After thorough observation the researcher felt that there was a need to look at the awareness level of subject content in relation to map reading skills as an effective strategy to understand environmental conditions, degradation and its conservation. Thus evaluation of awareness level of a group of rural and urban students including boys and girls was carried out. Environment Awareness Measure was used as a tool for data collection. Map Reading technique was used to understand the aspects of geographical environment, its degradation and conservation in relation to global warming. After environmental awareness training, another Environment Awareness Scale was used to measure awareness level. The data has been compiled by using percentiles, correlation and ‘z’ test techniques. The concluding remarks and findings were based on the data analysis and observations.

Tourism is a major economic sector that deploys natural and man-made resources. Junnar Tehsil has a wide range of tourist attractions. It is needed to be integrated with pilgrimage and agro-tourism for tourism promotion with the sense of environment conservation and overall development of the Tehsil. The identification of tourism potential and supportive development may cause the multi-tier effect of rural development which was dreamed by Mahatma Gandhi. His thought was provoking and it inspired the search for new assets for rural development so that employment opportunities would be available in rural areas. The migration flow of labour would be from urban to rural areas instead of rural to urban. The tourism industry is an upcoming sector which is responsible for generating value of resources and in turn helping the rural development. The tourism industry will also help to reduce regional imbalance by overcoming the gap between urban and rural as well as the rich and poor by generating new assets for economic opportunities. The Junnar Tehsil is tremendously affected by the expansion of the tourism industry. Thus, the government has declared the Junnar as tourism tehsil on 9th January 2018 and made a tourism development plan for the tehsil. The present investigation proposes to assess the requirement and development of tourism activity in Junnar Tehsil as well as potentials of tourism activity for rural development. For that purpose the data is collected from primary and secondary sources and wisely interpreted with specific evidences to conclude the relationship of tourism and rural development in Junnar Tehsil of Pune district.

The term urbanization refers to a process whereby a traditionally rural bound community, wholly or partially, moves to adopt a different pattern of life where activities are basically non-primary. Urbanization in India began to accelerate after, 1991 due to the country's adoption of a mixed economy, which gave rise to the development of the private sector. In India new cities are emerging whereas existing cities are growing horizontally and vertically. Due to lack or poor planning, majority of the cities of India are facing various environmental, economic and social issues. Construction activities in cities results disappearance of vegetation cover and wetlands. This may results in formation of Urban Heat Island (UHI). Large build-up areas, concentration of anthropogenic activities and multistoried buildings makes urban area warmer then surrounding country side. Within the UHI researchers also identified the areas of lower temperature and they termed it as Urban Cool Islands (UCI). As per the studies in different cities of the world it is realized that UCI can mitigate negative impact of UHIs. So the town planners can consider the creation of artificial UCIs in those areas associated with warmer temperature in the cities.

The mixed ligand complexes of Ce (III) with Schiff base (L) derived by the condensation of 4-aminoantipyrine with 2-thiophenecarboxaldehyde and heterocyclic ligands like 1, 10-Phenanthroline, 8-Hydroxyquinoline and 2-Aminopyridine have been prepared and studied. The ternary complexes were characterized based on elemental analysis, conductivity data, infrared spectra, electronic spectra, thermal studies and magnetic susceptibility data. In these complexes, the Schiff base acts as a primary ligand and heterocyclic ligands acts as a secondary ligand which coordinates through the oxygen/nitrogen heteroatom

This research is based on an examination of drinking water parameters in a number of villages in Panvel, Maharashtra, India. A sample was collected from each of Panvel's six villages. Water was studied in detail in terms of colour, temperature, acidity, hardness, pH, sulphate, chloride, DO, BOD, COD and alkalinity. Some water analysis reports with physicochemical parameters have been provided for the parameter exploration study. Guidelines for various physicochemical parameters have also been provided for relating the value of a real water sample. The current study found that some of the water samples did not meet drinking water standards.

India being Agro-based country, majority of rural households depend upon agricultural sector but currently facing two major problems related to availability of fertile land and water, so integration of aquaculture and agriculture i.e., Aquaponics is a big hope for sustainable crop production at a very minimum cost and less requirement of water and land. As per primary research, not everyone is aware about its benefit and demand in coming times. The main aim and objective of this study is to make people aware about aquaponics farming techniques its benefits especially in underdeveloped region with scarcity of water and land and educate people about setting up aquaponics systems. People will have a positive approach towards adopting this method not only commercially but also individually, as suggestions one can set up aquaponics individually at home backyard or terrace, govt. can take initiative in making people adopt this system in private buildings and infrastructures. So as conclusion, it will become consumers first preference as the food produced using aquaponics method is 100% organic and chemical free and variety of crops can be grown. Also, for entrepreneurial spirits it’s the most demanded field, generating employment by attracting youth towards agriculture sector, sustainable development and waste management and welfare towards the society and its development.

Geography is an interdisciplinary subject studies the man-environment relationship over a period of time along with spatial distribution. The subject includes the physical and man-made environment. The modern society is responsible for disturbance in natural geographical environment having negative impact on people. There is need to conserve the environment for sustainable development. Geographical knowledge can be well described with the help of graphs, diagrams, tables, photographs, satellite images and maps. Geography is one of the important subjects taught in schools by using different methods. Map is a tool used to create geographical environment awareness among school children. The map reading and map filling skills are very much important to teach and learn about geographical environment, its degradation and conservation. After thorough observation the researcher felt that there was a need to look at the awareness level of subject content in relation to map reading skills as an effective strategy to understand environmental conditions, degradation and its conservation. Thus evaluation of awareness level of a group of rural and urban students including boys and girls was carried out. Environment Awareness Measure was used as a tool for data collection. Map Reading technique was used to understand the aspects of geographical environment, its degradation and conservation in relation to global warming. After environmental awareness training, another Environment Awareness Scale was used to measure awareness level. The data has been compiled by using percentiles, correlation and ‘z’ test techniques. The concluding remarks and findings were based on the data analysis and observations

Tourism is a major economic sector that deploys natural and man-made resources. Junnar Tehsil has a wide range of tourist attractions. It is needed to be integrated with pilgrimage and agro-tourism for tourism promotion with the sense of environment conservation and overall development of the Tehsil. The identification of tourism potential and supportive development may cause the multi-tier effect of rural development which was dreamed by Mahatma Gandhi. His thought was provoking and it inspired the search for new assets for rural development so that employment opportunities would be available in rural areas. The migration flow of labour would be from urban to rural areas instead of rural to urban. The tourism industry is an upcoming sector which is responsible for generating value of resources and in turn helping the rural development. The tourism industry will also help to reduce regional imbalance by overcoming the gap between urban and rural as well as the rich and poor by generating new assets for economic opportunities. The Junnar Tehsil is tremendously affected by the expansion of the tourism industry. Thus, the government has declared the Junnar as tourism tehsil on 9th January 2018 and made a tourism development plan for the tehsil. The present investigation proposes to assess the requirement and development of tourism activity in Junnar Tehsil as well as potentials of tourism activity for rural development. For that purpose the data is collected from primary and secondary sources and wisely interpreted with specific evidences to conclude the relationship of tourism and rural development in Junnar Tehsil of Pune district.