Background: Intravenous cannulation usage is a vital component for the patient admitted at hospitals . PIC insertion associated with some complications ranging from minor pain to severe thrombophlebitis and catheter related infections .The prevalence of thrombophlebitis due to IV insertion ranges fro 50-70%.In the present setting this sort of study is not yet conducted. Aims and Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of application of topical heparin before peripheral venous cannulation with non application of heparin gel in prevention of thrombophlebitis at different intervals in patients undergoing intravenous cannulation in patients admitted in a tertiary hospital in Mumbai. Materials & Methods : A prospective, randomized, parallel group, single centre, clinical study .Main study was conducted after pilot study after obtaining clearance from ethical committee and consent from individual participants. A total 60 patients undergoing intravenous cannulation that has been planned to remain in situ for at least 72 hours indoor period were enrolled & randomized using computer generated random number table. Patients were randomized into Control vs Experimental group and assessed using a Visual Infusion Phlebitis Scoring Tool. Heparin gel was applied 5 minute before the procedure of intravenous catheter insertion at catheter site. Patients were evaluated using standardized tool Visual Infusion Phlebitis Score Tool for incidences of infusion phlebitis, first signs of phlebitis and treatment emergent application site reactions at 0.12,24,72 hours. Findings were statistically analysed for statistical significance, p - value below 0.05 levels was considered to be significant. Results: Application of topical heparin in the experimental group is effective in preventing and mitigating superficial thrombophlebitis compared to control group.At 72 hours the experimental group has a median superficial thrombophlebitis grade of 1 with an IQR of 1 whereas in control group has a median Superficial Thrombophlebitis grade of 4 with IQR of 1 indicating severe superficial thrombophlebitis at p value of < 0.001 Conclusion: Heparin gel application was effective in the prevention of infusion-associated phlebitis

Virtual autism refers to symptoms similar to ASD arising from excessive screen time. In contrast, ASD is a lifelong developmental disorder characterized by challenges in social interaction, communication and restricted repetitive behaviors. This paper provides an overview of the condition and its measures needed to control or overcome this disease in our country, exploring it’s significance, trends, challenges and regulatory framework. The analysis highlights the diverse range of children suffering from virtual autism and its preventative measures, if there are any. It examines the evolving dynamics of autistic children and its possible interventions alone with its cause. Moreover, this paper delves into the key drives fueling virtual autism growth in India, and its effects, challenges faced by parents in their daily lives, resolving solutions, recovery actions, reasoning’s and medical care. Additionally, opinions of parents and therapists as well as doctors have been taken to analyze to understand it’s Impact on Virtual autism and it’s causes. Overall, this paper provides valuable insights into the role of autistic children and their causes in India. By addressing the challenges and preventative measures facing Virtual autism, people can gain an understanding on how to deal with children with such conditions and live with them in the society as a whole.

Student approaches to learning is a primary factor that determines students’ engagement and motivation in learning which in turn determines their academic success. The desirable approach to learning fosters self-directedness in learning thereby nurturing love for life long learning. This study was conducted with the aim to study the student teachers’ approaches to learning based on their faculty of graduation and college types. It adopted the descriptive method of research. The findings of the study reveal that the student- teachers preferred deep approach as compared to surface approach to learning.

“Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of further generations to meet their own needs of future”. Sustainable development includes both natural resources and human resources. Therefore, gender equality is important if human beings are to be developed. India cannot develop without gender equality. Because the number of women here is 50%. Unless there is sustainable economic development of women, India cannot have sustainable economic development. Although prostitutes are a part of the society, these women are known as a stigmatized and neglected element. Poverty, unemployment and ignorance are the reasons behind these women entering the prostitution business. Therefore, in this research paper, information is given about the problems of prostitutes and its effect on them and their families. And the legal measures and efforts being made for economic empowerment and rehabilitation of prostitutes are suggested. These policies can lead to economic empowerment and gender equality among them. Which is very essential for sustainable development of India? For this, secondary data have been used for the study of the research paper.

This study explores the challenges faced by Muslim girls in India, focusing on issues such as early marriages, gender discrimination, decision-making, financial independence, and societal stereotypes. Through a mixed-method approach, data was collected from 66 Muslim girls attending Aishabai College of Education. The analysis revealed that while some problems persist, such as societal norms and stereotypes, there is evidence of progress towards equality. Importantly, the study found that these challenges are not inherent to Islamic teachings but are rooted in societal attitudes. Additionally, employment status and sub-caste did not significantly influence the problems faced by Muslim girls. The findings highlight the importance of challenging traditional mindset and fostering greater gender equality within Muslim communities. It reflects a positive trend towards empowering Muslim girls, although efforts are needed to challenge traditional mindset and foster greater equality. Overall, the study highlights the need to address societal attitudes to ensure the well-being and empowerment of Muslim girls.

SDG 16 aims to promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all and build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels. Participation from Parents are required along with state-centered approach in guaranteeing protection and safeguarding rights of child. Children alleged of an offense are an invisible population among other vulnerable children. Data suggests boys outnumber girls in breaking laws. The study had specific objective for parents of boys in conflict with law. To understand parents’ experience on functioning of stakeholders which were police, juvenile justice board, probation officer, and child care institutions. The study used mixed-method research design to study parents’ experiences on functioning of stakeholders, and challenges encountered, both quantitative and qualitative data were collected. Parents experience with stakeholders indicated that only 8% of parents perceived the police to display child-friendly conduct after apprehending the boy-CCL. The study revealed that 78% of parents perceived the approach of JJB members as child-friendly. Parents who were informed about legal aid services had a higher likelihood of having their boy-child represented by legal aid lawyers The study showed that the quality of interaction between PO and parent was more significant for child’s wellbeing than mere frequencies of meetings. Parents' experience of care and protection in child care institutions (CCI) were mixed, with 43.3% believed that their children received adequate care and protection. The findings underscore the requirement for holistic coordinated systems having both the short-term and long-term needs of boy-CCL’s families. Practice bases orientation of social work students is required in child rights curriculum of social work education.

Social work education plays a crucial role in shaping future practitioners who can address complex social and environmental challenges. This research article explores the integration of sustainable development principles into social work education to foster a more holistic approach towards social and environmental justice. Drawing on existing literature and empirical insights, this study examines the significance of incorporating sustainable development concepts into social work curricula, identifies key objectives, and outlines a methodology for implementation. The findings underscore the importance of preparing social work students to engage with sustainability issues and advocate for transformative change in their practice settings and communities.