India as a developing country is urbanizing at a rapid pace. Though the current level of urbanization in India is lowest as compared to the other developing countries. The absolute size of urban population is enormous. By the turn of the millennium about 300 million Indians lived in nearly 3700 towns and cities (urban areas) spread across the length and breadth of the country. This comprised of nearly 30 per cent of its total population in sharp contrast to 60 million (15 per cent) who lived in urban areas in 1947 at the time of our independence. During the last 50 years the population has grown two and a half times more and the urban India has grown as almost second largest in the world, only next to China. 21stcentury is set to become India’s urban century with more people living in cities and towns than in the country side (rural areas) (Goldman Sachs, 2007).

Teachers have been using various methods to create interest in learning of Economics. At college level, students learn concepts on their own through Observation, Field Trips, Seminars and Workshops. Peer Tutoring is a new concept to teach Economics. Team Learning, Group Teaching and Co-operative Learning Strategies are Traditional methods used by the teachers in the classroom. We shall discuss about the importance of Peer Tutoring in learning of Economics.

Stress is usual part of life which can either aid us towards positive changes and progress or beget crucial problems in our life. Stress is feeling of emotional or physical tension in a particular situation; which varies according to individual differences. In a particular situation person faces challenges or demands and as a reaction to that situation person becomes frustrated, angry or nervous. In our day to day life we face many challenges demands; which make us feel stress some may feel stress due to career or family relation or professional life or academics or economic condition or social life and so on… Over the past couple of decades, The warning has already gone off by the proliferation of books, research reports, popular articles and the growing number of organized workshops, Intending to teach people how to confront this phenomenon. The objective of the study is to determine the degree of academic stress among BBA students. This study involves 116 BBA students from Nashik city, Maharashtra, India. The sample was chosen using a judgmental sampling technique. The present study reveals that the BBA students are having moderate level of academic stress. Both boys and girls are stressed and there is no difference between the level of stress for boys and girls

Omprakash valmiki hindi dalit sahitya ka pratishtit nam hai. Aapane dalit jivan ki pida ko bhoga hai, jisase aapako vyatha pramanik ban padi hai.

To a large extent education can be thought of as a communication process among the participants. This article focuses on distance education, which has both the general communication processes that in-person education venues possess, and also communication specific to the technologies that mediate the teaching and learning taking place at a distance. There are various opportunities and barriers to effective communication. An exhaustive review of literature regarding communication barriers to distance education summarizes the technical, psychological, social, cultural, and contextual challenges leading to a significant conclusion: that as technology used for distance education improves so does both the opportunities to overcome many of the barriers to ineffective communication and the complexity of the barriers that are faced by the participants. The hierarchy of this structure isdescribed.

The terms ‘globalization’ means integration of economics and societies through cross country flows of information, ideas, and goods services capital, finance, education and people. The qualitative study is an attempt to describe the concepts of a globalized teacher education. A teacher has many roles to perform. Roles of a teacher are not static but dynamic as these continue changing as per demand of society. Skills acquired and maintain through rigorous and continuing study. Various policies also limit or extend the scope of this rule. World is positive about its potential for economic and political progress in the 21st century. The teacher in the globalized environment must be prepared to think globally and act locally in matters relating to education.

the greatest challenge that the humankind faced since the 2nd World War. In December 2019, a new infectious respiratory disease emerged in Wuhan, Hubei province, China and was namd by the world Health Organization as COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019). A new class of corona virus, known as SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) has been found to be responsible for occurrence of this disease. As far as the history of human civilization is concerned there are instances of severe outbreaks of diseases caused by a number of viruses. According to the report of the World Health Organization (WHO as of April 18 2020), the current outbreak of COVID -19, has effective over 2164111 people and killed more than 146,198 people in more than 200 countries throughout the world. Till now there is no report of any clinically approved antiviral drugs or vaccines that are effective against COVID-19. It has rapidly spread around the world, posing enormous health, economic, environmental and social challenges to the entire human population. The coronavirus outbreak is severely disrupting the global economy. Almost all the nations are struggling to slow down the transmission of the disease by testing & treating patients, quarantining suspected persons through contact tracing, restricting large gatherings, maintaining complete or partial lock down etc. This paper describes the impact of COVID-19 epidemic on college of education who efforts degree course and challenges of teacher student relationship in teaching learning ,extension and research activity, and the possible ways in which the problem can be resolved has also been discussed therein.

Shraddha hi manala shanti denari mothi shakti asate. parantu tiche rupanter andhshradhet jalyas vinash hoto manasik prakruti va swasthya suyog thevanyasati aapalyala manache vyavahar swataha tapasun pahane garajeche asate.

Prastut sanshodhanat shikshanshastra mahavidyalatil vidyarthi shikshanmadhil shaleya prashasan sandarbhatil janiv jagruticha abhyas sarvekshan sanshodhan padhatine karanyat aala aahe.

Purpose: New media and technology have become imperative for us for every walk of life. While we hear that India is the youngest nation, we somehow tend to neglect the population that is not younger. Our senior citizens – those above 55 are also an equally important part of the society. With improved medical conditions and increased life expectancy, they are usually in an earning and healthy state. Technology to them does not come as naturally as it does to the youth, who were sort of born into it. The purpose of this study is to find out if the senior citizens are keen to learn the digital ways of life and whether they have an environment conducive for them to do so. Design/ Methodology/Approach: a mix of quantitative and qualitative research methods was employed to gain an in depth understanding of the objectives. Observation and informal interviews at four mobile stores and cyber cafes gave elementary peep into the behaviour of the senior citizens at these hubs. Four focus Group Discussions were conducted with eight participants – four males and females each, with non-users and users of the internet. Sixteen in depth interviews were used to have a detailed deliberation on the online usage behaviour, perceptions, reactions and willingness. An online survey was conducted with 150 respondents of all age groups and genders. Findings: Senior citizens are keen to learn and use the online media on their phones and computers for day today activities involving work, entertainment and connectivity. The challenge is dearth of learning opportunities and lack of time with their family members to teach them. The government needs to have policies to give the senior citizens opportunities and push towards learning and using the new media and technology

COVID-19 created a global pandemic leading to shutting down of educational institutions and forcing students to stay at home and learn online from their homes. This led to virtual contact and no physical meeting with friends, classmates and teachers. Classes were taken up online and examinations were online or got postponed or cancelled, which made the leaners concerned about their learning process and their future with regard to educational objectives. Online teaching-learning was a new setting for most of the adolescents as well as teachers. These circumstances created a state of dilemma and stress among adolescent learners about their academic perspectives to adjust and prove themselves. Thus, the present study attempted to study the academic anxiety among adolescents in online learning during COVID-19 pandemic. The study employed quantitative descriptive survey method. A questionnaire comprising 24 items on a Likert scale was administered on a sample of 178 adolescents through snow-ball non-probability sampling technique, and data was collected from different school/colleges from three districts of Himachal Pradesh, India. It was observed that 43.82% adolescents felt anxious; 29.77% felt isolated; 44.94% felt stressful; 62.92% felt lazier during online classes. 48.67% adolescents responded that online education created health problems. The study concluded that the students observed online learning as a good substitute to carry on their education when there was no other option of education in the lockdown time during COVID-19 pandemic, but it created stress and academic anxiety among them with regard to their academics due to the lack of digital skills as well as their newness to the online learning environment. Further, the study suggests that the online methodology needs to be strengthened for all the students for increased availability and accessibility to innovative teaching learnings with quality in future.

COVID-19 created a global pandemic leading to shutting down of educational institutions and forcing students to stay at home and learn online from their homes. This led to virtual contact and no physical meeting with friends, classmates and teachers. Classes were taken up online and examinations were online or got postponed or cancelled, which made the leaners concerned about their learning process and their future with regard to educational objectives. Online teaching-learning was a new setting for most of the adolescents as well as teachers. These circumstances created a state of dilemma and stress among adolescent learners about their academic perspectives to adjust and prove themselves. Thus, the present study attempted to study the academic anxiety among adolescents in online learning during COVID-19 pandemic. The study employed quantitative descriptive survey method. A questionnaire comprising 24 items on a Likert scale was administered on a sample of 178 adolescents through snow-ball non-probability sampling technique, and data was collected from different school/colleges from three districts of Himachal Pradesh, India. It was observed that 43.82% adolescents felt anxious; 29.77% felt isolated; 44.94% felt stressful; 62.92% felt lazier during online classes. 48.67% adolescents responded that online education created health problems. The study concluded that the students observed online learning as a good substitute to carry on their education when there was no other option of education in the lockdown time during COVID-19 pandemic, but it created stress and academic anxiety among them with regard to their academics due to the lack of digital skills as well as their newness to the online learning environment. Further, the study suggests that the online methodology needs to be strengthened for all the students for increased availability and accessibility to innovative teaching learnings with quality in future.

Education is a tool which leads to academic growth of school going children in this 21st century and that motivates them to greater achievements in their later lives. Motivation is necessary for accomplishment of any task, test and helps in achievement. Motivation encourages school going children to achieve good marks/grades in their examinations. Motivation differs for each child as every individual has unique abilities and coping strategies. Motivation could be intrinsic motivation in some children or extrinsic motivation in others. Achievement motivation is said to also be influenced by parental behaviour. The objective of the paper is to assess the achievement motivation among school going children in 21st century and examines the determinants therein through existing literature. The methodology of the paper is qualitative data analysis based on the secondary data. This paper attempts to conduct a document analysis of research published in this context. Based on the objective of this study, 16 papers were extensively examined. It was found that achievement motivation was influenced by conservative attitudes and prejudgments attached to various situations. Further, it was seen that student participation in various co-curricular activities at school level can help them to improve their reasoning and problem-solving skills that strive to achieve high aspirations. Some of the suggestions to enhance achievement motivation among the school students have been highlighted in the end of the paper. Parents should listen to their children and attempt to solve issues concerning the child’s problems, and concerns through discussions. Parent-child communication and learning from online mode has become important factors for achievement motivation for the 21st century school students.

Education is a tool which leads to academic growth of school going children in this 21st century and that motivates them to greater achievements in their later lives. Motivation is necessary for accomplishment of any task, test and helps in achievement. Motivation encourages school going children to achieve good marks/grades in their examinations. Motivation differs for each child as every individual has unique abilities and coping strategies. Motivation could be intrinsic motivation in some children or extrinsic motivation in others. Achievement motivation is said to also be influenced by parental behaviour. The objective of the paper is to assess the achievement motivation among school going children in 21st century and examines the determinants therein through existing literature. The methodology of the paper is qualitative data analysis based on the secondary data. This paper attempts to conduct a document analysis of research published in this context. Based on the objective of this study, 16 papers were extensively examined. It was found that achievement motivation was influenced by conservative attitudes and prejudgments attached to various situations. Further, it was seen that student participation in various co-curricular activities at school level can help them to improve their reasoning and problem-solving skills that strive to achieve high aspirations. Some of the suggestions to enhance achievement motivation among the school students have been highlighted in the end of the paper. Parents should listen to their children and attempt to solve issues concerning the child’s problems, and concerns through discussions. Parent-child communication and learning from online mode has become important factors for achievement motivation for the 21st century school students.

The Space Technology advancement achieved by sovereign must be shared for the intergenerational equity. Countries like the USA, Luxembourg and UAE have enacted domestic laws to regulate or rather facilitate space resources exploitation. The Legislations are instrument to validate and regulate space activity within national territory and foreign territories. International agreements are instrument to link International Space Law with national Space Activity Laws. In the above backdrop, this study on desirability of Space legislation for international concerns and their adequacy in dealing with technical and legal challenges associated with the subject. India’s position and future approach are outlined in the paper. A new model for international collaboration is also to be further explored.

The Space Technology advancement achieved by sovereign must be shared for the intergenerational equity. Countries like the USA, Luxembourg and UAE have enacted domestic laws to regulate or rather facilitate space resources exploitation. The Legislations are instrument to validate and regulate space activity within national territory and foreign territories. International agreements are instrument to link International Space Law with national Space Activity Laws. In the above backdrop, this study on desirability of Space legislation for international concerns and their adequacy in dealing with technical and legal challenges associated with the subject. India’s position and future approach are outlined in the paper. A new model for international collaboration is also to be further explored.

The research paper mainly focuses on the interface between Intellectual Property Rights and Competition law and analyse the competition issues involved in the exercise of Intellectual Property Rights and also whether CCI is effectively dealing with the Competition law issues involved in IPR? Intellectual Property Law creates monopolistic rights, but Competition Law tries to prevent and hence the conflict between the two. A balance needs to be maintained among the rights of persons granted to them under the law and necessity to retain the competition in the market.Three are several conflicting issues related to exercise of IPR which must be addressed by the competition commission through its guidelines.

Pradhan Mantra Awas Yojana (PMAY) aims at providing a pucca house, with basic amenities, to all poor houseless households. The scheme of IAY (Indira Awas Yojana) has been re-structured into Pradhan Mantri Awaas Yojana (PMAY) from 1st April 2016. It is also called as Gharkul Yojana. In this study an attempt is made to study the performance evaluation of ‘Gharkul Yojana’ for Tribal People. Therefore field survey was conducted at Dahanu taluka of Palghar District. The field survey result concludes that the Gharkul scheme of government has solved housing problem of tribal family. But the amount received under this scheme for construction of house is not sufficient.

Rural development is the process of improving the quality of life and economic well-being of the people living in rural areas often relatively isolated and sparsely populated areas. Education, Entrepreneurship, Physical Infrastructure, Social Infrastructure, Technology and Innovation all play an important role in the development process. Rural development is necessary, not only for overwhelming majority of population living in villages, but also the development of rural activities essential to accelerate the pace of overall economic development of the country. Co-operation is a worldwide phenomenon. It occupies an important place in the Indian economy. No other country in the world has the co-operative movement as large and as diverse as it is in India. There is almost no sector left untouched by the co-operative movement. In India Co-operative movement in its modern form started in the year 1904. The movement has been acknowledged as an instrument towards achieving the socio-economic transformation of Indian society with special focus on the life of people living in rural areas.

As a result of the COVID-19 epidemic, several companies have established a remote working environment. This pandemic has caused a greater transition from a typical office setting to one that is entirely virtual. The goal of this article is to examine the impact of a virtual workplace on employee engagement. Adapting a new employee engagement approach that works in the post-pandemic period will be critical in light of this transformation. In order to discover different parameters from secondary data, thematic analysis of data acquired through the Delphi method was conducted. Trends were studied and a strategy was put into place to better understand the level of involvement and how to monitor performance.

India’s Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) sector has appeared as a vibrant and dynamic sector for the economy. It is not only MSMEs it also includes Khadi, village and coir industries as well Catalyst in promoting the growth and development of the economy. MSMEs are successfully flourished in developing countries for example Cameroon, Uganda, Malawi, Nigeria etc. as well as developed countries like USA, Japan, Germany etc.

The changing nature of knowledge in recent times is argued to be a key reason why educators need to consider curriculum integration. Curriculum integration is a curriculum design that repositions subject content through collaboration and experience in order to increase its meaning and relevance to students, holding less regard for disciplinary boundaries than traditional didactical approaches. The purpose of this research is to to study the effectiveness of Integrated Curriculum Approach on academic achievement and critical thinking among secondary school students. A qualitative approach adopted to study the effectiveness. The researcher reviewed different the research papers and formulated the conclusion.