Dr. B. R. Ambedkar and Mahatma Gandhi both of them fought against the untouchability. Very differently both of them tried their best to resolve the problems of untouchability. Mahatma Gandhi supposed that untouchability was the internal problems of Hindu Community. According to him Untouchables did not have the separate identity as like Muslims, Shikhs, and Chrishnity was having. Where as, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar view was, if untouchables are the part of Hindu then untouchables must get equal rights as like Hindu peoples are enjoying. But for that orthodoxy Hindu people were not ready to accept them on equal level. Besides that even Mahatma Gandhi was also in fever of varnashram system where untouchables were not granted the equal status in society. Therefore Dr. B. R. Ambedkar very strongly opposed Mahatma Gandhi on the views of untouchables. He was very unsatisfied the work which have done by congress and Mahatma Gandhi. He further concluded that untouchables do not want to live on sympathy of Hindu. But all untouchables want to live with honor and respect. Untouchables should free from the gold chain of Hinduism. In this paper I want to study the different way of struggle of Dr. B. R. Ambedkar and Mahatma Gandhi against untouchability.

The place of religion in public education is an issue concerning many people. In America, following World War II to practice religious exercises in schools was always an issue for criticism and resentment. Some people believe in that and some don’t (Thiessen, 2001). Religion in public education is a sensitive issue and attracts a lot of attention. There are many researches about different major religions and their effects and its interrelationship with education. As the Baha’i faith is new comparing to the other religions, there isn’t adequate research about the philosophy of education from the Baha’i perspective.

Prastut lekh dwara vartman samaj ke jatigat dharmik rajnitik aartik rup se ho rahe vighatan ko ujagar karane ka prayas kiya gaya.

Learning is meaningful if all senses are utilized simultaneously in the process of acquiring knowledge. As we move to the higher level of learning the abstractness in the concepts go on increasing. Mere verbal explanation can never reduce this complexity. Usually a teacher makes the child accept it as it is and moves ahead. The child takes it as it is, crams it or omits it as an option. All these are not healthy way of learning. Constructivist learning theory has its place in the educational setting, but may not be appropriate as an exclusive practice. We've detailed some of the pros and cons of constructivist learning theory as well as some ideas on how to integrate its principles into the learning environment. Constructivism in education is the need of time. The constructivist approach through the medium of technology helps to achieve the major aims of education. Biological science Curriculum Study (BSCS), explains the process of constructivism by employing five “E”s. they are Engage, Explore, Explain, Elaborate, and Evaluation. In our Indian classroom setup, the heterogeneity bound to exist. We never attempt to overcome it, but our attempt is to provide conducive environment which caters to the individual differences. The teaching-learning process must facilitate the gifted as well as the slow learners to perceive and understand the concept in a meaningful way. It must provide an individual to construct his own knowledge rather than reproducing facts. A constructivist approach through technology is the best means to cater the need of heterogeneous group. It encourages active participation on the part of the learner and helps them to explore and elaborate the fund of knowledge. Even students find it more interesting.

India’s environmental movement is at crossroad. On the one hand, there is a greater acceptance of our concerns, but on the other hand, there is also growing resistance against the required action. Grassroot and radical environmental movements have played important role in global environmental politics. While reviewing major environmental resistance movements in India such as, Chipko, Narmada Bachav Andolan, Tehari Dam Compaign, Baliapal and Chilka Bachav Andolan etc, it is observed that, they differ from one another on the grounds of critical analyses, strategies, ethical motives and political impacts.

Dr. B.R Ambedkar was the greatest fighter for right and empowerment of women in India. He played significant role in leading the society for Liberty, Equality and Fraternity. He was first Indian who broken down the barriers in the path of Liberty, Equality and Advancement of women in India. The present paper is an attempt to highlight Dr. Ambedkar's philosophy on women’s problem and cause in pre and post independent India with their solutions and its relevance in modern Indian scenario. Dr. Ambedkar started his movement in 1920. The encouragement of Dr. Ambedkar to women to speak boldly it was first time seen when Radhabai Vadale addressed a press conference in 1931 fearlessly and confidently. He strongly advocated for family planning measures for women in Bombay Legislative Assembly. Dr. Babasaheb spent his life for the betterment of women even involved in bad practices and professionals like prostitutions. Ambedkar’s whole life is saga of a savior of women from cruelties of religion, cast and man dominated society of India

Commerce Education in India started in 1886, over a hundred years ago. In the field of Commerce Education, in the meantime, Commerce Faculties were developed and established. As per UGC Report , in India, there are 634 universities1. Commerce Education is an education relates to practical organizational problems and their appropriate solutions. The role of commerce education is developing the person and his self reviewing capabilities. It enables a person to tackle crucial assignment problems faced by the business organisations. Whenever researcher reviewed all concepts of commerce education.

Now-a-days, markets have taken a different dimension owing to the overpopulation of both large and small companies. As a result, markets have become overcrowded with many marketing messages. This has altogether make it quite difficult for the customers to perceive the marketing messages. With the rising cost of advertising and other promotional tools, the marketing objective of the company has evolved not only to control the expenses but also to confirm superiority over the competitors. To create the edge over the competitors, the companies are adopting effective brand strategy for new products and also redesign its old brand strategy. Therefore, to be unbeaten in the markets, both in national and international level, the marketing organizations must create, redesign and protect its brand so that the company will prosper in the long run. It is the marketing communication which ideally has positioned and presented a brand to people. Keeping it in mind, an effort would be there to provide an in depth study on how marketing communication manages to ascertain relationship with the customers. This study is based on various models that have proven how marketing communication has developed as an apparently integral part of the marketing and corporate communication strategies of many companies. The present study would also highlights how the messages are to be disseminated effectively to make the brand remain in the mind of the customers for longer time.

Professional accountability culture brings about awareness for the need to be answerable to oneself and to the society. Quality of the teachers can be enhanced leading to professional development of the teachers. Profession and job are often used interchangeably in a conversation, but the difference between them is exemplary. Profession is not just a job or activity where a person works for few hours and the motive is only monetary gain. It is synonymous to discipline, responsibility and service to others. Moreover, in a profession there is need for knowledge base, skill and ever increasing expertise.

The Baha’i faith is a new, independent, universal religion. (Zaerpoor, 1981, p.12). Baha’i faith believes that God has revealed himself to humanity through different messengers to educate and teach humanity and uplift the soul of man and for the progress of the world and its people as a society. Messengers of God include Abraham, Krishna, Buddha, Moses, Jesus, Mohammad and Bahaullah, who were all teachers and all came from the same source, being different chapters of one religion. Baha’is also believes that Bahaullah is the latest of these messengers. The origin of the Baha’i faith is in Iran (Perkins & Hainsworth, 1980, p.12). Bahaullah, “Glory of God”, the messenger of Baha’i faith was born in 1817 in Tehran, the capital of Iran. He proclaimed his message from Iran to the entire world. It was during Bahaullah’s life time that his faith spread out to Ottoman Empire, Caucasus, Turkistan, India, Burma, Egypt, And Sudan (Hartz, 2009. p 13).

Parents are the first care takers and teachers of a child. Health and habits much depend upon the way how they are brought up in their childhood. The impact begins from the infancy stage to adolescence stage. During this period an individual develops the qualities of trust, sharing, confidence and good citizenship. In the lack of proper care and nourishment, he develops weak health and habits. This paper presents the different stages of development in a child and the factors affecting different periods of development.

After the independence a lot of evaluation reforms have been undertaken on the basis of important recommendations suggested by the various commissions and committees. The main reforms introduced in the evaluation system in school education are CCE, grading system and semester system. Although Haryana Board has introduced evaluation reforms in terms of CCE, grading system and semester system, however the teachers, parents and students are facing certain problem in understanding of these evaluation reforms. The present study was based on the perception of the teachers towards the problem faced in implementation of evaluation reforms in Haryana. The objectives of the present study were to find out the perception of the teachers towards problem faced in implementation of evaluation reforms (CCE, Grading System and Semester System). A descriptive survey method was used for the research. The sample comprised of 120 teachers of secondary school (60 from Govt. and 60 from private schools) of Bahadurgarh block of Jhajjar district in Haryana. For the present study a self-made questionnaire for teachers were developed to test the following objectives: a) to find out the perception of the teachers towards problems faced in implementation of CCE .b) to find out the perception of teachers towards problem faced in implementation of grading system. c) To find out the perception of teachers towards problem faced in implementation of semester system. The study revealed that most of the teachers were facing problems in implementation of evaluation reforms in Haryana.

Soshal midiyamule manavi jivanat anek badal ghadun yet aahet. Nagari patrakarita vadhis laganyasathi soshal midia he upyukta tharale aahe.

Bangalore is India’s IT capital and the most third important city next to New Delhi and Bombay. The rising temperature due to climate change has touched 37-38 degree Celsius in 2014 and the city is experiencing an urban heat island effect. Due to this the city is facing drinking water problem. B.Ed. student-teachers are the future secondary school teachers who have the big responsibility in developing water conservation practices among the adolescent students who are future citizens. In the present experimental study, an attempt was made to develop and find out the effectiveness of Instructional Package on Climate Change (IPCC) with reference to water conservation practices among B.Ed. student-teachers in Bangalore. Pre-test, post-test parallel group design was followed for collecting the data by administering Climate Change Practices Scale (CCPS) which also includes also water conservation practices. The data was analyzed by using statistical techniques and interpreted.

Manavi tvachevaril gondan he soundarya sanskrutik olakh, oushad, sthan, sayako-samajik, samajik-sanskrutik sankalpana samajun sanvad sadhanyache madhyam aahe.

Bharatiya purush pradhan samaj me nari ki sthiti mukhya rup se do dharao par dikhai deti hai. Hamari sanskruti me nari ki mahatta ko swikar kiya hai.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to study the online advertisements on the homepage of the informational portals like Yahoo and Rediff as contrast to the ecommerce sites where lot of research has already been conducted. Therefore, in order to study the layout of the website and the online advertisements appearing on the homepage in context to its layout, placement, size, duration, etc., the study was conducted. Methodology: To conduct this exploratory study, content analysis was used as the method for analysing it. Two websites were selected for the comparison and studied for the period of one week on fixed parameters and then generalised features were analysed for the comparison. Findings: The comparative study concluded that though both are informational websites but Yahoo homepage is more creative and aesthetic as it experiments more with the online advertisements. Banner ads are more extensively used on both the websites on the right side of the website. Yahoo also carries pop up and sponsored ads as compared to Rediff that follows restricted formats. Yahoo is designed on Fixed Sidebar layout whereas Rediff has headline and Gallery format. Significance: The result will be beneficial for the marketers, consumers and designers to understand the type of online advertisements liked by the consumers. Also, the result will also prove to be beneficial for the marketers in order to understand which products are to be marketed online and on which websites. In context to marketers and designers, the result will help to study which type of internet advertisements are most appealing by the netizens, should they be copy heavy or picture heavy, where they should be placed and many such related queries.

“Slum” one of the known cause for obstructing the development of urban area. It define as the places where buildings are in any respect unfit for human environment; are by cause of Devastation, Overcrowding, Faulty arrangement and design of such Building, Narrowness or Faulty Arrangement of Streets, lack of Ventilation, Light, sanitation facilities or any combination of these factors which are Detrimental to Safety, health and morals. This study focuses on status of all such conductions in Vikas Nagar slum in Dehuroad, Pimpri-Chinchwad Municipal Corporation, Pune, Maharashtra, India. The study puts finger on overall environment of slum including Pollution, Garbage-Solid Waste, Sewage-Drainage System, Water Supply system and health problems on peoples living in slum.

A stress is a major concern of modern society. The medical field also affirms that stress is a major factor which contributes to the psychosomatic diseases. It is a fact of worry that adolescents are also facing stress; moreover, in the school curricula three is no any program which can help them to face stress positively. Because of stress, the problem of students’ suicides is becoming crucial. In the present study, the researcher developed a program for the management of stress of adolescents. The study habits, self-esteem, and assertiveness these parameters of a stress are considered while developing a program. The impact of the program is studied and analysis is presented in the present paper.

rapid physical, emotional , and social changes This is a period of taking decisions about which subject to choose. As this is a stepping stone for adolescents which helps in to prepare them in independent future adults. Multiple streams are offered to the students at class eleventh to the adolescents to give the opportunity to chase their dreams according to their interest. This study is an attempt to find out whether there is any difference in the life skills of adolescents on the basis of the stream they choose. The study consist a sample of 432 adolescents. Stratified random sampling was used to collect the sample. Data was collected from the Private senior secondary schools of North West zone of Delhi. Self made rating scale of life skills having reliability .79 and .82 and validity .75 was administered in the adolescents. Mean value, SD and T Value was calculated to analyze the result. Result shows that teir was found1. Significant difference between the mean life skills score of students of arts stream and commerce stream.2. There is no significant difference between the mean life skills score of students of art stream and science stream. 3. There is no significant difference between the mean life skills score of students of Commerce and Science stream.4. There is no significant difference between the mean life skills scores of male and female adolescents. 5. There is a significant difference between the mean life skills scores of urban and rural adolescents.

Abstract Primary education or elementary education is the first stage of compulsory education prior to the secondary education. It is this stage wherein the pure minds are ready to be blended and molded in such a way that they can be converted into the individuals on whom the responsibilities of making their society and nation proud can be shouldered. Constitution of India comprises of various articles which prescribes that the free and compulsory education is the fundamental right of each and every children between the age group of 6 and 14years. Education to the pupil is provided by the public sector schools and the private sector schools. Ratio of public schools to private schools in India is 7:5. Controlling and funding of these schools takes place under three levels: central, state and local. As far as primary education is concerned, India has made the significant progress in increasing the attendance rate and expanding literacy to approximately three quarters of the population in the 7-10 age group by 2011. Many research scholars and governmental and non-governmental bodies consider that the improved education system in India would be the main contributor to its economic development. But on the contrary to all the claims that the authority makes, primary education system in India faces many challenges and problems. The Indian government lays emphasis on primary education for the children aged between 6 – 14 years. The Indian government has also banned child labour so that instead of working under the unsafe condition, children can go to school. However, because of the economic disparity and social conditions, both free education and ban on child labour are difficult to enforce. Primary education system, because of shortage of resources and lack of political wills, suffers from massive loopholes such as high pupil to teacher ratios, shortage of infrastructure, poor levels of teacher training, improper teaching and learning environment, lack of motivation for both the students and the teachers, improper management, etc. The main aim of this research paper is to discuss in detail the various parameters responsible for the mismanagement of the primary education system in India, analyse these factors and to suggest the various solutions to overcome this problem of mismanagement of primary education by taking broad parameters into consideration.